1- Write the general molecular formula following then give examples:

1. Alkane 2. Alkene 3. Alkynes

2- Compare between organic compounds and inorganic compounds.

3-How can you detect the main elements in organic compounds (carbon and hydrogen).
Draw the apparatus used and write the equations of the reaction.

4- What is meant by the following:

1. Isomerism 2. Wurtz reaction
3. Baeyer’s test 4. Markownikoff’s rule

5- Write the structural formula of:

1. 2-methyl-propane 2. 1 -butene
3. 3-methyl-l-butene 4. 2.2 dimethyl butane
5. 2.2 dimethyl propane 6. 2.2.3 trichloro pentane
7. 2-chloro-2-methyl propane 8. 2-chloro, 2-butene

6- Give reasons for each of the following:

1. There are large numbers of organic compounds.
2. Most of organic compounds are not ionized.
3. Isomerism is a property characteristic for organic compounds.
4. Alkanes are comparatively unreactive.
5. Wurtz reaction is not used to prepare methane but direct reduction method used to prepare methane.
6. You must be sure that the apparatus of preparation of methane gas in lab., is free from air before
collecting.
7. Methane gas is collected by displacement of water.
8. Alkanes do not react with iodine in indirect sunlight.
9. Alkanes arc not affected by oxidizing agents.
10. Methane reacts with chlorine with explosion.
11. Alkyl iodide is usually preferred to prepare alkane.
12. Alkenes are more active than alkanes.
13. Alkanes don’t undergo to addition reactions, while alkenes and alkynes undergo to addition reactions.
14. When ethylene reacts with potassium permanganate solution in an alkaline medium, the violet colour of
the potassium permanganate disappears.
15. The colour of bromine solution (red) is removed when it is added to ethylene.
16. Ethyl alcohol is called a petrochemical compounds.

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17. Ethylene is used to preparing plastics.
18. Alkenes can react by addition.
19. Acetylene is more reactive than ethylene.
20. Oxyacetylene flame is used for welding and cutting metals.
21. Kieselguhr is used when acetylene react with chlorine.
22. Acetylene has an acidic property.
23. Acetylene bums with smoky flame in a limited amount of air.
24. When acetylene reacts with silver nitrate, ammonia solution must be added.
25. Ammonical silver nitrate solution can be used to differentiate between acetylene and ethylene.
26.On preparation of acetylene, it must be passed through copper sulphate.

7- Starting with acetylene show by symbolic equations how can we get:

1. A mixture of ortho and para - nitro toluene
2. Benzene sulphonic acid
3. Toluene
4. Nitro-benzene
5. Meta-chloro nitro-benzene
6. Gamexane
7. Cyclohexane
8. Methane
9. Ethylene
10. Ethanol

8- Give a mixture of methane, ethylene and acetylene in a cylinder. How can you separate experimentally
between each of them - giving symbolic equation to explain your answer?

9- How can you differentiate of the following:

1. Acetylene and Methane. 2.Ethylene and methane.

10- How can you obtain:

1.Ethane from methane. 2. Butane from methane.
3.Ethane from ethylene. 4.Acetylene from ethane.
5.Methane from ethane 6.Ethylene from ethane..
7 Acetylene from ethylene.. 8.Acetylene from methane..
9. Methane from acetylene. 10.Ethane from acetylene.
11. Acetylene from ethyl alcohol. 12.Ethyl alcohol from acetylene.
13. Acetaldehyde from calcium carbide. 14.Ethane from calcium carbide.
15. Benzene from calcium carbide. 16.Ethyl alcohol from methane.
17. Water gas from calcium carbide. 18.Silver acetylide from ethyl alcohol.
19. Ethylene glycol from ethylene. 20.Ethylene glycol from ethanol.
21. Methyl acetylene from propene. 22.2.3 dimethyl butane from propene.
23.Benzene from methane 24.Acetaldehyde from ethylene.
25.Ethylene from acetaldehyde. 26.Ethylene glycol from ethane.
27.Vinyl acetylene from calcium carbide. 28.Acetic acid from ethylene.

11. State the products of fractional distillation of coal tar. Of what importance is distillation?

12. Starting with dichloro ethane, how can you prepare ethane?
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13. How is benzene prepared from sodium benzoate? Draw the apparatus used. Write the equation of the
reaction.

14. Explain what happens in each of the following cases, showing the conditions needed to complete the
reaction.
a) Hydrogenation of benzene in the presence of a catalyst.
b) Sulphonation of benzene.

15. What is the action of each of the following on benzene? State the conditions needed for the reaction in
each ease.
a) Chlorine. b) Sulphuric acid. c) Methyl halide

16. Convert:

1-Methane into butane

2-Ethane into ethylene
3- Ethylene into acetylene
4- Ethane into acetylene
5- Methane into acetylene
6- Ethane into methane
7- Acetylene into methane
8- Ethylene into ethane
9- Ethanol into acetylene
10- Acetylene into ethanol
11- Calcium carbide into acetaldehyde
12- Calcium carbide into ethane
13- Calcium carbide into benzene
14- Methane into ethanol
15- Calcium carbide into water gas
16- Ethanol into sliver acetylide
17- Calcium carbide into ethylene glycol
18- Methane into chloroform
19- Trinitro-toluene from calcium carbide

17 - Write the scientific term for each of the fo1Iowig:

1 - Organic compound having the same molecular formula but different physical and chemical
properties.

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2- The reaction of chlorine with methane in direct sun1ight.
3- Addition of water to acetylene in presence of a catalyst.
4- organic compound characterized by having single bonds between carbon atoms.
5- The reaction between alkyl halides and sodium metal.
6- Addition of hydrogen to the unsaturated organic compound.
7.The reaction of alkynes with bromine or chlorine by addition.
8. Addition of halogen to unsymmetrical alkenes.
9.Intetnational system for the nomenclature of organic compounds that depend upon the number of carbon
atoms in the longest continuous chain.
10- Reaction of benzene and alkyl halide in the presence of a catalyst
11- The reaction of ethylene with potassium permanganate in alkaline medium
12- The reaction between benzene and conc. sulphuric acid.
13- Heating sodium benzoate with soda lime.

18-Give reasons:
1- Wurtz method is not used to prepare methane.
2- The molecular formula is not used to express the organic compound.
3- Alkynes are chemically more active than alkanes.
4 -The compounds having Pi - bonds are chemically more active than the compounds having sigma bonds.
5- Alkynes react by addition in two steps, whereas alkenes react in one step only.
6- Ethylene reduces the colour of potassium permanganate.
7- Reaction of alkynes with halogen takes place in presence of Kieselguhr.
8- Reaction of acetylene with silver nitrate takes place in the presence of ammonia.
9- Hydrogenation reactions are used to obtain artificial fats.
10- Benzene reacts by substitution faster than by addition although it contains double bonds.

19 -Choose the correct answer:

1 - The general formula CnH2n-2 represents:
a) Alkenes b) Alkynes
c) Alkanes d) Cyclic aromatic hydrocarbons.
2-The general formula of alkanes is:
a) CnH2n b) CnH2n+2
c) CnH2n-2 d) C H
3 - Wurtz reaction is used for preparing:
a) Methane b) acetylene
c) Ethylene d) ethane
4 - Water gas is obtained by the hydration of:
a) Methane b) acetylene
c) Ethylene d) ethane
5 - Methane is prepared by heating sodium acetate with:
a) Limestone b) quick lime
c) Slaked lime d) soda lime
6 -The reaction of ethylene with potassium permanganate in an alkaline solution is called:
a) Wurtz b) Baeyer
c) Fridel crafts d) Wohler

7- The reaction of alkyl halide with sodium metal is called:

a) Wurtz b) Williamson
c) Baeyer. d) Vohler
8 - The reaction of methane ‘with chlorine in direct sun light is named:
a) Hydrogenation c) Substitution

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 b) Photohalogenation d) elimination
9 - Ethylene iodide is obtained from the addition of hydrogen iodide to:
a) Ethylene b) propyne
c) Methane d) Ethane
10 - Polymerization of acetylene gives :
a)propene b) benzene
c)Acetone d)polyethylene

20- Complete the following statements:

1 - The bonds between carbon atoms in saturated hydrocarbons are………………..
while unsaturated hydrocarbons contain………………….bonds.
2 - We can prove the presence of carbon in an organic compound by heating it
with……………..and…………………gas is evolved.

3 - Water gas is formed form the reaction of……………….with……………………….

4 - The general formula of alkanes is……………..while that of alkynes is ……………..
5-When ethyl alcohol is heated with cone -H2S04 at 1400C it gives…………., while at 1700C it gives………………….
6-Wurtz method depends on the reaction of………….with sodium metal produces an alkane which has ………..
carbon atoms.
7-The reaction between ethylene and potassium permanganate in alkaline medium is named ……. this reaction
is used to detect
8- Dry distillation of sodium acetate with soda lime produces ………..but that of sodium benzoate produces
…………….
9-The reaction of methane with chlorine in direct sunlight is named……………………,while
its reaction in the absence of sunlight is named………………….. reaction.

21- Re-arrange the following steps to obtain cyclo-hexane from ethylene. Write the equations of the reactions:
Trimerization - Halogenation - Heating with alcoholic KOH -catalytic hydrogenation.

22- Re-arrange the following steps to obtain insecticide from calcium carbide. Write the equations of the
reactions:

Halogenation - Reaction with water - Trimerization.

23- Re-arrange the following steps to obtain water gas from ethyl iodide. Write the equations of the reactions:
Neutralization - dry distillation with soda lime -Hydrolysis - Heating with steam in presence of catalyst -
Oxidation.

24- Re-arrange the following steps to obtain trinitrotoluene from calcium carbide. Write the equations of the
reactions:
Trimerization - Alkylation - Nitration reaction - reaction with water.

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25- Complete the following diagrams:

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