1)Explain in detail how electronic mail application is carried out in a network?

Also explain the

protocols involved.(5)

Electronic mail is the most famous network service is supported by the TCP/IP protocol using

SMTP (simple mail transfer protocol) at application layer.

It can send a text message

It can send a message to users outside the Internet

It can send a message include text, video, graphics, voice

Mail gateway:

The mail gateway is the relaying system allows sites do not use the TCP/IP protocol suite to send

e-mail to users on other sites that may or may not use TCP/IP protocol suite. This is

accomplished through the use of a mail gateway, which is a relay MTA that can receive mail

prepared by a protocol other than SMTP and transform it to SMTP format before sending it. It

can also receive mail in SMTP format and change it to another format before sending it.

Mail send/Receive:

Sending Mail – At sending a mail, user must give the details on receiver’s email address, subject,

and message body. To addresses and subjects on the message are coming under

header part of the mail and user’s messages are the body of the mail. At receiver side, they can

view the body of the message.

Receiving Mail – The email system periodically checks the mailbox summary, that contains

sender mail address, time of receive and the body of the message (what the sender wants to

convey).

Mail Address: SMTP addressing scheme consists of two parts:

Local part

Domain name part

Local Part addresses the mail box on the local site. Domain name addresses the name of the

destination.

Local part @ Domain Name

Local part: The local part defines the mail box, where all mails received for a user is stored for
retrieval by the user agent.

Domain name: Mail exchangers or an Organization comes at this second part. The domain name

assigned to each mail exchanger either comes from the DNS database or is a logical name.

SMTP Client / Server System both have two components,

1. User Agent (UA)

2. Mail Transfer Agent (MTA)

User Agent collects the Envelope, header, body of the message from users and sends it to Mail

Transfer Agent. The Mail Transfer Agent has the total response to transfer the message across

Internet. Both the sender and receiver have individual UA and MTA.Instead of just one MTA at

the sender site and one at the receiving site, other MTAs, acting either as client or server, can

relay the mail.