OER Presentation by P Malliga is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike 4.

0 International
License.
 E-Content

Purchase of Materials

Use of Freely available content

(OER)

Self Production Materials

Exchange of existing Materials in

a network with other Institutions

17-06-2020 NITTTR/PM/ECD 2
OER?
“Open Educational Resources are teaching,
learning, and research resources that reside in the
public domain or have been released under an
intellectual property license that permits their free
use and repurposing by others.
OER include full courses, course materials, modules,
textbooks, streaming videos, tests, software, and
any other tools, materials, or techniques used to
support access to knowledge.”—The William and
Flora Hewlett Foundation
Open Educational Resources (OER)
Open Educational Resources (OER) are
teaching, learning and research materials in
any medium – digital or otherwise – that
reside in the public domain or have been
released under an open license that permits
no-cost access, use, adaptation and
redistribution by others with no or limited
restrictions.
OER form part of ‘Open Solutions’, alongside
Free and Open Source software (FOSS), Open
Access (OA), Open Data (OD) and
crowdsourcing platforms..
 OER
• Open Educational Resources (OER) are teaching
and learning materials that are freely available
online for everyone to use, whether you are an
instructor, student or self-learner.
• Examples of OER include: full courses, course
modules, syllabi, lectures, homework
assignments, quizzes, lab and classroom
activities, pedagogical materials, games,
simulations, and many more resources contained
in digital media collections from around the
world.
OER

7
 Open Educational Resources
Open Content / Open educational resources (OER) / Open
Courseware are educational materials which are discoverable
online and openly licensed that can be:
Shared freely
and openly to
… redistribute be…
Shared
and share
again.

Redistributed Used

… used by
… adapt / repurpose/ anyone to …
improve under some Improved
type of license in order
to …
 Wiley’s 5 Rs of Openness:
• Retain – Make, own, and control copies of the content (e.g.,
download, duplicate, store, and manage)
• Reuse– the right to use the content in a wide range of ways
(e.g., in a class, in a study group, on a website, in a video)
• Revise – the right to adapt, adjust, modify, or alter the
content itself (e.g., translate the content into another
language)
• Remix – the right to combine the original or revised content
with other open content to create something new (e.g.,
incorporate the content into a mashup)
• Redistribute – the right to share copies of the original
content, your revisions, or your remixes with others (e.g.,
give a copy of the content to a friend)
Sharing beyond the classroom
Traditional sharing of Sharing educational
teaching materials resources as OER

Additional considerations:
• Clearing of copyright issues
• Formatting for web and accessibility for reuse
• Addition of descriptive metadata
• Publishing in repository or on the web
Educator

Creates
Learning activity
or resource Designated as
OER on web
Shares Available to other
with students faculties, students and
and other institutions.
faculty
Other educators can now
discover and reuse.

Adapted from Conole, G., McAndrew, P. & Dimitriadis, Y., 2010

What has enabled OER?
• Change in • Affordances
philosophy of the
Internet

Social Technical

Financial Legal

• A range of • Alternative
financial copyright
models Licensing
 Change in philosophy towards an
“Open Movement”
Open Data
Open Source Software

Open Society

Open Access

The Open Movement

Open Science Open Educational
Resources

Open Licences
 The open movement

• Open source (relating to business and technology)

• Open source software
• Open source hardware
• Open standards
• Open access (research)
• Open design
• Open knowledge
• Open data
• Open content
• Open courseware
• Open educational resources
• Open educational practice
 Timeline of MOOC

6/17/2020 NITTTR/PM/SWAYAM 14
 Affordances of the Internet

Title : File:Internet map 1024.jpg - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia

Source : http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:Internet_map_1024.jpg
license : Attribution-ShareAlike 3.0 Unported
 A range of financial models
• Donor funding – e.g. Hewlett Foundation
• Marketing budget – e.g. Open University
• Commission – e.g. MIT and Amazon
• Endowment – e.g. Stanford Encyclopedia of
Philosophy
• Membership – e.g. Sakai Consortium, OCWC
• Government – e.g. UK £7.8 million grant, US
commitment to OER
 What happens when you create and
share something on the internet?

Your work is automatically protected under copyright!

Online DOES NOT EQUAL openly
licensed!

Pixel | Flickr - Photo Sharing! : taken from -

http://www.flickr.com/photos/37408217@N08/5025870260/ Author: filin
ilia - aliyo.hu http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/2.0/deed.en
 © Cancels the Possibilities
Of digital media and the internet

Internet Copyright
Enables Forbids
What to do?
Wiley, D. (2012) Openness and the Future. ETS Future of Assessment Conference. Presentation available:
http://www.slideshare.net/opencontent/openness-and-the-future-of-assessment
Alternative copyright Licensing
Creative Common (CC)
 Recap: What makes an OER?
• Educational curriculum, materials or mixed
media
• Discoverable online as they are shared freely
and openly
• Openly licensed (usually Creative Commons)
• Can be legally used by anyone to repurpose/
improve and redistribute
OPEN VERSUS CLOSED WEB
RESOURCES
The origins of OER: MIT OpenCourseWare
Open Course Ware: Open University
Copyright CourseWare: Network Science
Open Video: The Khan Academy
Mostly closed video: YouTube
YouTube recently launched a Creative Commons
licensing option
Open Encyclopedia: Wikipedia
Closed Encyclopedia: Encyclopedia
Britannica
 Internet Enables - Copyright Forbids
• Use openly licensed content
whenever possible when creating
your own digital teaching resources
(if planning to share openly online)

• Link back and cite open sources

within your content

http://torrentfreak.com/police-raid-school-teacher-for- http://www.roniloren.com/blog/2012/7/20/bloggers-beware-you-can-
uploading-history-book-for-students-130520 get-sued-for-using-pics-on-your-blog.html
WHERE TO FIND OPEN
EDUCATIONAL RESOURCES
A good starting point: OER Commons
OCWC Search
Open learning object repository: Merlot
Open textbooks: Connexions
Open textbooks for K12: Siyavula
Aggregated video/podcasts: Academic Earth
Mixed Media: Wikimedia
University of Minnesota: Open academics
textbook catalog
 Free and open source software

Alternative to: Dreamweaver or

hand coded web design
Alternative to: Adobe
Audition or Wavelab Alternative to: MS Word, Excel,
PowerPoint, Access, Visio

Alternative to: MS Notepad

or Dreamweaver Alternative to: MS
Alternative to: Adobe Alternative to: MS
Photoshop, Adobe Illustrator Windows, Apple OS
MediaPlayer
More here:
http://www.tripwiremagazine.com/2010/03/20-most-popular-open-source-software-ever-2.html
https://docs.google.com/document/d/1Fh7z6Oz4tBK5yvhjdf3UIRjmhJZrO5SJFFIUngLRaF4/edit
 Open access research: DOAJ

List of Journals Licensed under a Creative Commons License

 B.C. Open Textbook Project

“B.C. is leveraging 21st century-

technologies and licensing to ensure its
citizens have affordable access to high-
quality post-secondary textbooks. Open
licensing on publicly funded content
ensures the greatest impact for the
public dollar.“
Dr. Cable Green (Creative Commons)
Brigham Young University faculty survey seeks to advance open education
through academic libraries | Flickr - Photo Sharing! : taken from -
http://www.flickr.com/photos/opensourceway/6555466069/ Author:
http://www2.news.gov.bc.ca/news_releases_2009-2013/2012AEIT0010-001581.htm
opensourceway http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/2.0/deed.en
Cal for reviews: http://open.bccampus.ca/call-for-reviewers/
 A Creative Commons image by (ta)

SOME TOOLS OF THE TRADE

https://wordpress.viu.ca/openeducationalresources/
Compfight image search and attribution tool
• Searches Creative Commons
Flickr images

• Provides license and

attribution for image
Creative Commons Search
Attribution made “easier”
• Browser plugin lets you
know when you are on a
webpage which uses
Creative Commons

• Click icon to access

attribution text

• Add on available for

Firefox, Chrome, Opera,
Wordpress and Drupal

http://openattribute.com/

Demo
 Xpert Image Attribution Tool
• Searches Creative Commons
Flickr images

• Embeds license and

attribution on image for
download and use

http://www.nottingham.ac.u
k/xpert/attribution/
 Attributing Creative Commons
Author, Title, Source, URL to source, URL to license

MIT OpenCourseWare

Nuclear Systems Design Project | Nuclear Science and Engineering

| MIT OpenCourseWare : taken from -
http://ocw.mit.edu/courses/nuclear-engineering/22-033-nuclear-
systems-design-project-fall-2011/ Author: Dr. Michael Short
http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/3.0/us/deed.en_US

Wikipedia

Vancouver Island University - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia :

taken from -
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Vancouver_Island_University
http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/3.0/

https://twitter.com/Mattclare/status/331429150143430659/photo/1
 by fd

BEYOND OPEN CONTENT

Massive Open Online Courses (MOOCs): PLENK2010
 2012 - Year of the Massive
Open Online Course
(MOOC)

• Are they really open?

• Content free, pay for
Coursera accreditation?
• You pay with your data?

MITx: MIT’s latest open

Udacity education project
 by ryancr

WHY GO OPEN?
WHAT ARE THE POSSIBILITIES?
 Creative Commons Licensing Screencast
• Creative Commons licensing video is translated into
Czechoslovakian, French, Italian and Spanish on YouTube
 CHED Computer Literacy Guides
• IEEE UCT chapter use the openly licensed CHED computer
literacy materials to support training in a computer lab
donated to a high school

http://www.ebe.uct.ac.za/usr/ebe/staff/april2010.pdf
 Studying at University: A guide for first
year students
• Used by multiple universities across South Africa
• The guide has been accessed over 3800 times on
the web and over 600 physical printed guides
have been sold
• Now used at VIU!
OpenContent becomes a Journal Article

• Materials published as OER selected for

publishing in the Journal of Occupational Therapy
of Galicia, an open access journal for occupational
therapists in the Spanish speaking world

http://blogs.uct.ac.za/blog/oer-uct/2010/12/06/sharing-knowledge-leads-to-opportunities
Closing note:

"When you learn transparently

(and openly) you become a
teacher“
Siemens, 2010

Siemens, G. & Matheos, K. (2010). Open Social Learning in Higher Education: An African Context. VI International
Seminar of the UNESCO chair in e-learning; open social learning. Available online:
http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=Oexie4cwpf8
 Thank you

&
Questions?

17-06-2020 NITTTR/PM/OER 61