ADESH INSTITUTE OF TECHNOLOGY

GHARUAN

Computer Graphics

Bachelor of Computer Applications

Submitted to: Submitted by:

Mrs. Harmandeep Kaur Ashish Osten

Roll No. – 1732193

6th semester
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 INDEX: -

S.No. Program Page No.

1. Write a C++ program to draw a line. 1-2

Write a C++ program to draw a line using DDA (Digital

2. 3-6
Differential Analyzer) Algorithm.

Write a C++ program to draw a line using Bresenham’s

3. 7-10
Line Algorithm.

4. Write a C++ program to draw a Rectangle. 11-12

5. Write a C++ program to translate (move) a line. 13-16

6. Write a C++ program to translate a Rectangle. 17-20

7. Write a C++ program to Scale an Object. 21-24

8. Write a C++ program to put a Pixel on Screen. 25-26

 OUTPUT: - Values inserted on the Console Application

OUTPUT: - A line drawn on BGI (Borland Graphics Interface)

 Program 1 - Write a C++ program to draw a line.

#include <iostream>
#include <graphics.h>
using namespace std;

int main()
{
int gd = DETECT, gm; //graphics driver and graphics mode
int x1, y1, x2, y2; // co-ordinates
initgraph(&gd, &gm, "");
cout << "Program to draw a line" << endl
<< endl;
cout << "Enter the starting co-ordinates" << endl;
cout << "x1 = ";
cin >> x1;
cout << "y1 = ";
cin >> y1;
cout << "Enter the ending co-ordinates" << endl;
cout << "x2 = ";
cin >> x2;
cout << "y2 = ";
cin >> y2;
line(x1, y1, x2, y2);
getch();
closegraph();
}
 OUTPUT: - Values inserted on the Console Application

OUTPUT: - A line drawn using Digital Differential Analyzer Algorithm

 Program 2 - Write a C++ program to draw a line using DDA (Digital Differential Analyzer)
Algorithm.

#include <iostream>
#include <graphics.h>
#include <math.h>
using namespace std;

int main()
{
int gd = DETECT, gm;
int x1, y1, x2, y2; // co-ordinates
int dx, dy, length, i, x, y, x_min, y_min; //for using maths functions
initgraph(&gd, &gm, "");
cout << "Program to draw a line using DDA Algorithm" << endl
<< endl;
cout << "Enter the starting co-ordinates" << endl;
cout << "x1 = ";
cin >> x1;
cout << "y1 = ";
cin >> y1;
cout << "Enter the ending co-ordinates" << endl;
cout << "x2 = ";
cin >> x2;
cout << "y2 = ";
cin >> y2;
dx = x2 - x1;
dy = y2 - y1;
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 if (abs(dx) > abs(dy))
length = abs(dx);
else
length = abs(dy);

x_min = dx / length;
y_min = dy / length;
x = x1;
y = y1;
putpixel(x, y, WHITE);
for (i = 1; i <= length; i++)
{
putpixel(x, y, WHITE);
x = x + x_min;
y = y + y_min;
}
getch();
closegraph();
}
 OUTPUT: - Values inserted on the Console Application

OUTPUT: - A line drawn using Bresenham’s Line Algorithm

 Program 3 - Write a C++ program to draw a line using Bresenham’s Line Algorithm.

#include <iostream>
#include <graphics.h>
using namespace std;

int main()
{
int gd = DETECT, gm;
int x1, y1, x2, y2;
int dx, dy, i, x, y;
initgraph(&gd, &gm, "");
cout << "Program to draw a line using Bresenham’s Line Algorithm" << endl
<< endl;
cout << "Enter the starting co-ordinates" << endl;
cout << "x1 = ";
cin >> x1;
cout << "y1 = ";
cin >> y1;
cout << "Enter the ending co-ordinates" << endl;
cout << "x2 = ";
cin >> x2;
cout << "y2 = ";
cin >> y2;

dx = x2 - x1;
dy = y2 - y1;
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 i = 2 * dy - dx;

x = x1, y = y1;
putpixel(x, y, 15);
while (x <= x2)
{
if (i < 0)
{
x = x + 1;
i = i + 2 * dy;
}
else
{
x = x + 1;
y = y + 1;
i = i + 2 * (dy - dx);
}
putpixel(x, y, 15);
}
getch();
closegraph();
}
 OUTPUT: - Values inserted on the Console Application

OUTPUT: - A rectangle drawn on BGI (Borland Graphics Interface)

 Program 4 - Write a C++ program to draw a Rectangle.

#include <iostream>
#include <graphics.h>
using namespace std;

int main()
{
int gd = DETECT, gm;
int r_left, r_top, r_bottom, r_right;
initgraph(&gd, &gm, "");
cout << "Program to draw a Rectangle" << endl
<< endl;
cout << "Enter the co-ordinates" << endl;
cout << "left = ";
cin >> r_left;
cout << "top = ";
cin >> r_top;
cout << "and" << endl;
cout << "bottom = ";
cin >> r_bottom;
cout << "right = ";
cin >> r_right;

rectangle(r_left, r_top, r_bottom, r_right); //dimensions of rectangle

getch();
closegraph();
}
 OUTPUT: - Values inserted on the Console Application

OUTPUT: - A line translated(transformed) on BGI (Borland Graphics Interface)

 Program 5 - Write a C++ program to translate (move) a line.

#include <iostream>
#include <graphics.h>
using namespace std;

int main()
{
int gd = DETECT, gm;
int x1, y1, x2, y2; //original co-ordinates
int dx1, dx2; // new co-ordinates
initgraph(&gd, &gm, "");
cout << "Program to translate a line" << endl
<< endl;
cout << "Enter the starting co-ordinates" << endl;
cout << "x1 = ";
cin >> x1;
cout << "y1 = ";
cin >> y1;
cout << "Enter the ending co-ordinates" << endl;
cout << "x2 = ";
cin >> x2;
cout << "y2 = ";
cin >> y2;
line(x1, y1, x2, y2); // original line

cout << "Enter the new starting co-ordinates" << endl;

cout << "dx1 = ";
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 cin >> dx1;
cout << "dx2 = ";
cin >> dx2;
setcolor(3);
line(x1 + dx1, y1, x2 + dx2, y2); //new line

getch();
closegraph();
}
 OUTPUT: - Values inserted on the Console Application

OUTPUT: - A rectangle translated(transformed) on BGI (Borland Graphics Interface)

 Program 6 - Write a C++ program to translate a Rectangle.

#include <iostream>
#include <graphics.h>
using namespace std;

int main()
{
int gd = DETECT, gm;
int r_left, r_top, r_bottom, r_right;
int x, y; // translating co-ordinates
initgraph(&gd, &gm, "");
cout << "Program to translate a Rectangle" << endl
<< endl;
cout << "Enter the co-ordinates" << endl;
cout << "left = ";
cin >> r_left;
cout << "top = ";
cin >> r_top;
cout << "and" << endl;
cout << "bottom = ";
cin >> r_bottom;
cout << "right = ";
cin >> r_right;

rectangle(r_left, r_top, r_bottom, r_right); //dimensions of rectangle

cout << "Enter the new co-ordinates" << endl;

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 cout << "x = ";
cin >> x;
cout << "y = ";
cin >> y;
setcolor(3);
rectangle(r_left + x, r_top + y, r_bottom + x, r_right + y);
getch();
closegraph();
}
 OUTPUT: - Values inserted on the Console Application

OUTPUT: - A rectangle scaled(transformed) on BGI (Borland Graphics Interface)

 Program 7 - Write a C++ program to Scale an Object.
#include <iostream>
#include <graphics.h>
using namespace std;

int main()
{
int gd = DETECT, gm;
int x1 = 100, y1 = 100, x2 = 200, y2 = 200; //original co-ordinates
int fx, fy; // fixed points
int sx, sy; // scaling factors
int xa, ya, xb, yb; // new co-ordinates
initgraph(&gd, &gm, "");
cout << "Program to Scale an Object" << endl
<< endl;
rectangle(x1, y1, x2, y2);

cout << "Enter the new fixed points" << endl;

cout << "fixed point for x = ";
cin >> fx;
cout << "fixed point for y = ";
cin >> fy;

cout << "Enter the scaling factors" << endl;

cout << "scaling factor for x = ";
cin >> sx;
cout << "scaling factor for y = ";
cin >> sy;
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 xa = (x1 * sx) + (fx * (1 - sx));
ya = (y1 * sy) + (fy * (1 - sy));
xb = (x2 * sx) + (fx * (1 - sx));
yb = (y2 * sy) + (fy * (1 - sy));

setcolor(3);
rectangle(xa, ya, xb, yb);
getch();
closegraph();
}
 OUTPUT: - Values inserted on the Console Application

OUTPUT: - A pixel illustrated on BGI (Borland Graphics Interface)

 Program 8 - Write a C++ program to put a Pixel on Screen.

#include <iostream>
#include <graphics.h>
using namespace std;

int main()
{
int gd = DETECT, gm;
initgraph(&gd, &gm, "");
cout << "Program to put a Pixel on Screen" << endl
<< endl;
putpixel(50, 50, WHITE);
getch();
closegraph();
}
A Practical File by Ashish Osten