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El3216 02 13217082
El3216 02 13217082
El3216 02 13217082
FREKUENSI
2.3 FM DEMODULATION
There are as many methods of demodulating an FM
signal as there are of generating one. Examples
Gambar 2-4 Proses dari sinyal FM menjadi sinyal
include: the slope detector, the Foster-Seeley
ZCD
discriminator, the ratio detector, the phase-locked
loop (PLL), the quadrature FM demodulator and Recall from the theory of complex waveforms,
the zero-crossing detector. It's possible to pulse trains are actually made up of sinewaves and,
implement several of these methods using the in the case of Figure 2 above, a DC voltage. The size
Emona DATEx but, for an introduction to the of the DC voltage is affected by the pulse train's
principles of FM demodulation, the zero-crossing duty cycle. The greater its duty cycle, the greater
detector is used here. the DC voltage.
The zero-crossing detector That being the case, when the FM signal in Figure 2
above switches between the two frequencies, the
The zero-crossing detector is a simple yet effective
DC voltage that makes up the rectangular wave out
means of recovering the message from FM signals.
of the ZCD changes between two values. In other
Its block diagram is shown in Figure 2-3 below.
words, the DC component of the rectangular wave
is a copy of the squarewave that produced the FM
signal in the first place. Recovering this copy is a
relatively simple matter of picking out the changing
Gambar 2-3 Blok diagram dari ZCD DC voltage using a low-pass filter.
The received FM signal is first passed through a Importantly, this demodulation technique works
comparator to clip it heavily, effectively converting equally well when the message is a sinewave or
it to a squarewave. This allows the signal to be used speech.
as a trigger signal for the zero- crossing detector [1].
circuit (ZCD).
The ZCD generates a pulse of fixed duration every 3. METODOLOGI
time the squared-up FM signal crosses zero volts Komponen dan alat yang digunakan pada
(either on the positive or the negative transition but percobaan modul 2 ini adalah
not both). Given the squaredup FM signal is
continuously crossing zero, the ZCD effectively 1. Instrumen NI ELVIS
converts the squarewave to a rectangular wave 2. Satu unit komputer yang dilengkapi
with a fixed mark time. aplikasi NI ELVIS
When the FM signal's frequency changes (in 3. Kabel-kabel
response to the message), so does the rectangular
wave's frequency. Importantly though, as the
rectangular wave's mark is fixed, changing its
Laporan Praktikum - Laboratorium Dasar Teknik Elektro – STEI ITB 3
Pada modul 2 ini terdapat beberapa percobaan Percobaan 2 Demodulasi AM dengan input audio
yang tahapannya akan direpresentasikan dengan
diagram.
Percobaan 1 Demodulasi AM dengan input
tegangan
Modifikasi
Lakukan setting
hubungan kabel
seperti pada
seperti Gambar Gambar 3-4 Rangkaian untuk percobaan 3
3-2 modul
Ubah-ubah gain
Amati sinyal dari sinyal dan
output rectifier amati
pengaruhnya
Modifikasi
Ikuti instruksi
rangkaian
yang ada pada
menjadi Gambar
modul Gambar 3-7 Rangkaian untuk mencari Vrms2
3-5
Percobaan 4 FM Signal
Ikuti instruksi
Amati sinyal
yang ada pada
hasil modulasi
modul
1.53 1 0.05
3 0.37
4 0.37
5 0.31
6 0.05
Total 1.46
FM signal’s
bandwidth
DAFTAR PUSTAKA
[1] Anonim, Petunjuk Praktikum EL3216 Sistem
Komunikasi edisi 2019-2020, Laboratorium
Sistem Kendali dan Komputer, Sekolah
Teknik Elektro dan Informatika Institut
Teknologi Bandung, 2020.