Final Year Project

Final Year Project
Supervisor
Ma’am Shamaila Gull
Specialization
Marketing Specialization
Group Submitted By
Darakhshan Safdar
F15BB021
Final Year Project
Organic and Biodegradable

Packaging
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Table of Contents
Hydrofinity ............................................................................................................................................................10
Problem ..............................................................................................................................................................10
Solution ..............................................................................................................................................................10
Edible Cutlery ........................................................................................................................................................10
Problem:.............................................................................................................................................................10
Solution:.............................................................................................................................................................10
Eco-Friendly Packaging.........................................................................................................................................11
Problem:.............................................................................................................................................................11
Solution:.............................................................................................................................................................11
Pavegen ..................................................................................................................................................................11
Problem:.............................................................................................................................................................11
Solution:.............................................................................................................................................................11
Breaze Mask ..........................................................................................................................................................12
Problem:.............................................................................................................................................................12
Solution:.............................................................................................................................................................12
Introduction............................................................................................................................................................13
Problem Statement .................................................................................................................................................16
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Problem Solution ...................................................................................................................................................16
Goals and Objective...............................................................................................................................................17
Save World ........................................................................................................................................................17
Use of Natural resources ....................................................................................................................................17
Decrease Carbon Footprint ................................................................................................................................17
Free of Allergens and Toxins ............................................................................................................................17
Bio-Degradable and Compostable Packaging ...................................................................................................17
Cost effective .....................................................................................................................................................17
Significance of Research .......................................................................................................................................18
Bibliography ..........................................................................................................................................................25
Executive Summary ...............................................................................................................................................28
Mission statement ..................................................................................................................................................29
Vision statement ....................................................................................................................................................29
Marketing Plan.......................................................................................................................................................30
Analysis of competitors .........................................................................................................................................31
Major Competitors and their position in the market ..........................................................................................31
Direct Competition.........................................................................................................................................31
Indirect Competition ......................................................................................................................................31
Replacement competitor ................................................................................................................................31
Market Segmentation .............................................................................................................................................32
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Product segmentation.........................................................................................................................................32
Customer Segmentation .....................................................................................................................................32
Master Consumer ...............................................................................................................................................32
Elite Customer ...................................................................................................................................................32
General Customer ..............................................................................................................................................32
Customer Characteristics ...................................................................................................................................32
4 P’s OF MARKETING ........................................................................................................................................33
Product ...............................................................................................................................................................33
Pricing Strategy .................................................................................................................................................36
Price of the product ............................................................................................................................................36
Cost ....................................................................................................................................................................37
Promotion ..........................................................................................................................................................38
Mass marketing ..............................................................................................................................................38
Direct marketing ............................................................................................................................................38
Personal Selling .............................................................................................................................................39
Prospecting .....................................................................................................................................................39
Pre-approach ..................................................................................................................................................39
Approach ........................................................................................................................................................40
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Presentation ....................................................................................................................................................40
Negotiation .....................................................................................................................................................40
Closing the Deal .............................................................................................................................................40
Follow up CRM .................................................................................................................................................40
Internet ...........................................................................................................................................................40
Billboard ........................................................................................................................................................40
Market Expansion Strategy and sales distribution network ..............................................................................41
Marketing Budget (Yearly)....................................................................................................................................41
Business Social Responsibility (BSR) ...............................................................................................................42
Research and Development (R&D) ...................................................................................................................42
Training & Development ...................................................................................................................................43
Fixed Assets ...........................................................................................................................................................44
Building maintenance ........................................................................................................................................44
Furniture ............................................................................................................................................................45
Machinery ..........................................................................................................................................................46
Utilities ..................................................................................................................................................................46
Year 1(2017) ......................................................................................................................................................46
Year 2(2018) ......................................................................................................................................................47
Year 3(2019) ......................................................................................................................................................47
Year 4(2020) ......................................................................................................................................................48
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Year 5(2021) ......................................................................................................................................................48
Year 6(2022) ......................................................................................................................................................49
Year 7(2023) ......................................................................................................................................................49
Depreciation ...........................................................................................................................................................50
Revenue and Costing .............................................................................................................................................51
Year 1.................................................................................................................................................................51
Year 2.................................................................................................................................................................53
Year 3.................................................................................................................................................................54
Year 4.................................................................................................................................................................55
Year 5.................................................................................................................................................................57
Year 6.................................................................................................................................................................58
Year 7.................................................................................................................................................................59
Income Statements .................................................................................................................... 65
Statement of Owner Equity ....................................................................................................... 73
Cash Flow Statements ............................................................................................................... 75
Balance Sheets .......................................................................................................................... 83
WACC........................................................................................................................................... 88
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Forecasting (2017-2024) ........................................................................................................... 88
Report ............................................................................................................................................
89
CONCLUSION ............................................................................................................................. 90
RECOMMENDATIONS .............................................................................................................. 91
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Idea Generation
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Hydrofinity
Problem
Water saving during laundry
Solution
Hydrofinity is a new type of the laundry process in which instead of water the XOrbs are put in to
the machine. XOrbs absorb stains and provide a gentle mechanical wash action, reducing the need
for large volumes of water and extreme temperatures. By replacing most of the water in the wash
cycle with XOrbs, we're able to limit water use for our customers by up to 80 percent, and reduce
energy use by up to 50 percent. XOrbs can provides nearly thousands of washes.
Edible Cutlery
Problem:
Plastic cutlery usage causes damages to our health
Solution:
According to the research More than 120 Million of the disposable cutlery has been discarded
every year. Usage of plastics in our cutlery causes us diseases like cancer etc. before 2011 we don’t
have an alternative for the plastic cutlery but now we had Edible Cutlery. Edible cutlery is made
of Millet blended with rice and wheat. There are no preservatives in it and had a shelf life of 3
years. It even can decompose in 4 to 5 days after usages. Edible cutlery even comes in different
flavors.
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Eco-Friendly Packaging
Problem:
Packaging Material
Solution:
Usually every product comes with the packaging and after consuming that product its packaging
become waste for us which is undegradable and non-organic. Increase in such type of waste is
going to become a threat for the environment. So we provide a more sustainable packaging to the
companies which is organic as well as biodegradable and eco-friendly. So companies do not need
to worry about here products we are there to provide their products with eco-friendly packaging.
Pavegen
Problem:
Electricity from the footstep of people
Solution:
Pavegen is a technology that coverts the energy comes from the people footsteps into energy, data
and rewards.
As pedestrians walk across the Pavegen system, the weight from their footsteps compresses
electromagnetic generators below, producing 2 to 4 joules of off-grid electrical energy per step.
Pavegen becomes a permanent and commercial smart-flooring solution.
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Breaze Mask
Problem:
(Air pollution) Increasing pollution causes many types of germs that goes inside in our body when
we breath
Solution:
Breaze mask filters particles threatening you during your daily life, from fine particles to bacteria.
The mask allows you to breathe comfortably, you will not feel oppressed while breathing and it
doesn't generate moisture while exhaling, letting you experience an optimal comfort.
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Business Proposal
Introduction
“Planet or Plastic”
We made plastic now we depend on it and now we are drowning it. This miracle material
made modern life easy. But only 40% of it is only used once and it is choking our waterways.
According to a research till 2015 there we 8.3billion ton plastic had made and approximately
6.3billion ton had just produced in 2015. Another important fact is that Only about 9% of this
plastic has been recycled, 12% has been burned and the remaining 79% has ended up in landfills
or the environment. Usage of the plastic is continuously increasing on daily basis. 500 Million
plastic straws are used every day in America. Nearly two Million single-use plastic bags are
distributed worldwide every minute. That’s enough to circle the Earth twice. One Million plastic
bottles are bought every minute around the world — and that number will top half a Trillion by
2021. Recent studies have revealed marine plastic pollution in 100% of marine turtles, 59% of
whales, 36% of seals and 40% of seabird species examined. 100,000 marine mammals and turtles
and 1 million sea birds are killed by marine plastic pollution annually.
Plastic is Toxic & Harmful
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The most common toxic substances that are found in the plastics are Phthalates, BPA & BPS and
PVC.
• Phthalates are endocrine disruptors that are linked to reproductive malformations in baby
boys, reduced fertility, developmental disorders, asthma, and increased allergic reactions.
• BPA and BPS are linked to cancer, infertility, heart disease, and other health problems.
• Polyvinyl chloride, or PVC, is widely known as the most toxic plastic for health and the
environment. In its production, it releases dioxins, phthalates, vinyl chloride, ethylene
dichloride, lead, cadmium and other toxic chemicals.
Plastic is Inorganic & Ungradable

It is estimated that the 12billion tons of plastic is going to put in the landfill in 2050. Greater
the plastic greater the plastic pollution. More than of half of the plastic that has been producing till
today is used for the eatable products. usage of the plastic is growing day by day and due to its
usage it’s not only causes problems like cancer in humans but also causes drastic effect on the
environment. Plastic is usually disposed by three ways in the world
 Recycled
 Disposed in Oceans
 Disposed in Landfill
Very low amount of the plastic can be recycled. Coca Cola can only have recycled its 7% of
the plastic bottles. Plastic bags and plastic waste when disposed into the ocean can results in the
death of sea life. Sea animal from zooplankton to whales, mistakenly eaten plastic and it causes
blockage of their digestive system which ultimately results in extinction of sea species. About 700
marine species becomes including endanger ones are affected by disposal of plastic in water.
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When we come to the landfill which one of the slowest process for the disposal of plastic. It
would approximately take 450-500 years on average to decompose. Disposal of plastic in landfill
cause harm for the earth.
Stop Plastic & Be Eco-friendly

Till now we have just taken things from the earth now it is the time to give it back otherwise
there would be a time that comes when giving back would not help us. We design Ecofriendly
packaging that not only beneficial for the earth but also efficient and effective for the humans as
well as for the animals and specially for the marine life. That packaging is eco-friendly,
biodegradable and organic. Such a packaging can be decomposing and turn into the nutrient. It
would not take as long as conventional plastic would take time to decompose. Our packaging
includes boxes, shopping bags, papers and much more
We also developed the custom made packaging. We take natural resources and utilizes
them and after usage that resource has gone back to the world. We use corn, wheat, bamboos,
starch and much more. Our products are cost effective and are entirely made according to your
needs. Our product are recyclable and compostable.
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Problem Statement
Do Plastic have an alternative?

Plastic pollution has become threat for the whole world. We are using plastic in every part
of our life so the removal of plastic from our life does not solves the problem rather it would
become another problem so there is only way that we could remove or reduces the Plastic from our
life and the way is that we have to find an alternative to the Plastic. If we had an alternative that
what is that and can we replace Plastic with that?
Problem Solution
Yes, we have some alternative to Plastic?

Hence plastic is almost everywhere but mainly plastic is used for packaging of things
whether it is about taking food in some white box whether it is about taking some drink in plastic
glass or it is about plastic bag. We have discovered an alternative source to the plastic which is
easily recyclable, bio-degradable, organic and compostable.
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Goals and Objective
Save World
Our main aim due to which we start the ecofriendly packaging business is to save the world
especially the marine life which are mainly effected due to the conventional packaging.
Use of Natural resources

Our goal is to use Natural things to made packaging material. Such natural goods include bamboo,
bauxite, iron ore, oil/petrochemicals, silica, trees, plants, sugar can etc.
Decrease Carbon Footprint

We are not only focused to produce eco-friendly product but we also pay extra attention to the
process by which we create the eco-friendly products. we aimed to make the eco-friendly products
through eco-friendly ways. Eco friendly products and processes helps to reduces the emitting of
CO2.
Free of Allergens and Toxins

Our goal is to produces a packaging or packaging material that is free of toxins and any kind of
allergens. Such Packaging is completely eco and could not produce any harmful effect on the whole
environment and its living once.
Bio-Degradable and Compostable Packaging

Our another objective is to produces decomposable products and such products that can decompose
under the natural environment. Such a packaging that does not need any kind of the artificial
environment like landfills
Cost effective
Our aim is to develop our product that are cost effective and eco-friendly as well.
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Running Head: Literature Review
Significance of Research
The purpose of this research is to identify the need of the use of the biodegradable and
organic packaging material that would reduce the usage of the plastic. Excessive usage of the
plastic is causing some of the drastic effect for the universe. The harmful substances in the plastic
endangers the existence of the marine life. So we bring the alternative to plastic that not only
decompose but also provides nutrient for the earth. We believe in “Reuse, recycle and reduce”
phenomena. this research would not only identify the effects of plastic on the universe but also tell
us the benefits of the natural and ecofriendly packaging. This is the time to take the decision
otherwise things become so harmful that in near future it would even cause the extinction of
species. We have the alternative to the plastic now the decision is yours
Running Head: Literature Review
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Organic and Biodegradable Packaging
Team valiant
Institute of Business and Information Technology
Millions of years ago this world came into existence. From then to now there has been
many changes that has been made and the only specie that is responsible for that is human beings.
Humans have nearly used everything that has grown by this world whether it is about consumable
products or useable products (EPA, June 1 2015). After using those natural product, we just
produce harmful solid waste. A waste that not only harmful for us but also reduces the ability of
the world to produce. Excessive waste is now causing some exceptional changes in the
environment. However, waste management tries their best to control the waste but growing
population making it difficult for them (Gheorghe Orzan, May 29 2018).
In P’s of marketing there is P called Packaging. Everyone in the world pay a special attention to
the packaging of the products. A good Packaging make the product attractive but also sets a
perception in the mind of the consumer that a well looked and well-dressed product must have the
best quality. Before buying a product the first thing that consumer see is its packaging which sets
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an impression and standard in the mind of consumer about the products. Due to increase
competition and advancement the producers are getting their money on the packaging. Producers
are not concerned about the material of packaging they are only concerned with its quality and
looks. As consumer starts consuming products, they waste that packaging which is then called as
solid waste. UNEP (united nations environment programme) and ISWA (international solid waste
association) both are the global organizations that are working on the solid waste and its
management. Other organizations are also there and every country has its own waste management
organization. But none of the organization could find the most efficient way to control the waste
management. There are some ways that different countries apply to dispose of their waste. Some
country burns the waste material, some of them dispose it off to the sea and other do this by
landfilling. But all of these methods in one way or another effect the Earth. If we kept on using
those inefficient methods than one day or another the existence of life on Earth would become
impossible. The marine life is already in danger (Kat Heinrich, Mark Rawson, Michael Cowing,
Mike Haywood , Sep 2015).
So in late 20th century a world comes the problems of greenhouse effect and depletion of ozone
layer comes, after that natural resources starts ending. It was the time when environmental
movement (political ideology) comes up and we get aware of the true meaning of the sustainability.
Although the purpose of the Environmental/ecology movement was quite vast but there is a word
sustainability completely explains the true purpose of that movement. Now what is Environmental
Sustainability? (Be Green Packaging LLc., 2011)
To Sustain means is to continue our capacity to live life on planet – To endure. (Mason, n.d.)
Sustainability is the capacity to improve the quality of human life while living within the carrying
capacity of the Earth’s supporting eco-systems. This definition has been provided by the
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International Union for Conservation of Nature (IUCN). Sustainability is the ability to meet the
needs of the present without compromising the ability of future generations to meet their own
needs. This is the definition of sustainability as created by the United Nations World Commission
on Environment and Development. Hence there is no universally agreed definition of
sustainability. But there is a way to measure sustainability in business which is called as Triple
Bottom Line Approach (PriceWaterHouseCooper, 2010).

The Triple Bottom Line Approach used to enhance the quality of life. As the name shows there
are three pillar that makes this approach. The 3 P’s of this Approach are:
Planet(Environment), People(Social) and Profit(Economy). (Chamberlian, 10-03-2013)
(Lima, 2017)
when three P’s of equal size of the Triple Bottom Line approach combines in equal manner then
the point is reached is called Sustainability. The sustainability is the point where we can do a
profitable business by keeping the environment safe by following the rules of society.
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After sustainability more and more business are trying to convert themselves into a sustainable
business. Doing a sustainable business is not an easy task because conversion of conventional
business into sustainable business requires studying and training. It is also a fact that all business
cannot be converted into a sustainable business (Bernard, March 2004).
After the development of Triple Bottom Line Approach, the business world start viewing the point
and the flaws that causes the most drastic effect on the world and then the solid waste management
companies told about the packaging material. Therefore, the word “Eco-friendly Packaging” was
introduced into the market of the business world. As a result, it not only has to protect the products
but must also be environmentally friendly. In today’s society, packaging must meet both essential
product requirements and specific environmental objectives. The packaging has four different
marketing functions. First, it has and protects the product in it; second, the packaging’s role is to
promote or advertise the product. It also helps consumers to use the product and, lastly, packaging
over it facilitates recycling, reusing and decrease environmental damage.
There are three R’s that are usually used when we talk about Eco-friendly/Environment friendly.
These R’s are Reuse, Reduce and Recycle. These 3 R’s are the main motive behind the “Go Green”
initiative (Taylor, Walsh, Liu, & Ray, 2010). This means that if the packaging only becomes eco-
friendly when it had 3R’s in it. So an eco-friendly packaging can be reuse, reduce and recycle.
There are other words that uses alternatively to the eco-friendly packaging. Although they are
similar but not same. These words are Organic, Biodegradable, Recycle and Compostable.
Organic means the thing is made of natural resource e.g. starch, corn bamboo etc. Organic
Packaging is also called Natural Packaging. Biodegradable Packaging means things that can be
broken down into smaller particle or substances and then turn back to the nature. The have to
decompose less than a year. Recycle means that the packaging that can be used again and again
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and could be able to turn it back to its original position. Compostable Packaging means that the
Packaging can be broken down to the nature but also provide nutrition to the earth during its
decomposition.
Due to the presence of organization and social media, today people are more informative about
that organic and biodegradable packaging. People wants to save their future generation. The
business world has now entered into the new era where social and environmental safety are the
priorities. The Triple Bottom Line Approach is the modern way of doing business and
Ecopackaging is one of that business that is establish on triple bottom line approach.
Eco-Packaging is completely and strongly follows the TBL. Cradle to Cradle is a concept that is
introduces in the world which opposite of the cradle to grave concept (Braungart &
McDonough, April 22 2002). Biodegradable and organic packaging works same as the concept
Cradle to Cradle works. It means that there are two cycles that exists in the world one is the bio
sphere and other is the techno sphere.
(Callahan, 2017)
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So when we made the Packaging material so it has to be made from the organic material which
means that it comes from the Biosphere and we apply our resources from Techno sphere in the
formation of Biodegradable packaging and after usage that packaging starts decomposing and goes
back to earth so that it could again use as the organic material. In this way by using the Cradle to
Cradle phenomena the Eco-Packaging proves that it falls under the environmental pillar of
sustainability.
Organic and Biodegradable Packaging also involves the social measures. (Timothy F. Slaper,
2019) In order to produce a packaging material that has to be Biodegradable and ecofriendly so
instead of getting those chemicals import from abroad we will pay to our local farmer and local
village person. Our money instead of moving out would get to those people works in the growth
of natural products. A research has been done that tells that about 55% of the people are ready to
pay for the products that have some social and environment impact on the society. (Neilson, 06-
07-2014).
Organic and Biodegradable Packaging also helped in the economic sector. A research has been
done where the consumers are even concerned to get the environment friendly packaging choices.
Consumers are calling for that sustainability and transparency in the design of packaging ( Hartman
Group, 2015). The Organic and biodegradable products even boost up the economy and reduces
the cost so this makes the corporate sector strong and creates a strong economy (Green, Apr 30
2018).
Pakistan is one of those country in which even till today there is no one who uses the ecofriendly
packaging. People know about the sustainability but no one has yet that paid attention to Organic
and Biodegradable Packaging. It has been explained above that Ecofriendly packaging is
completely based on the Sustainability phenomena. We want to look an ecofriendly Pakistan in
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which our future generation could get all those resource that has been available to us. We want to
look Pakistan as an Eco Efficient Country. Just one step can change our future and we are here to
not only change our future but also with the help of Cradle to Cradle phenomena we will be able
to provide best organic and biodegradable packaging solutions for the companies.
Bibliography
Hartman Group. (2015). Sustainability 2015: Transparency. The Hartman Group, Inc.
Be Green Packaging LLc. (2011). Sustainibility report 2011. Be Green Packaging.
Bernard, K. G. (March 2004). Packaging of Organic and Conventional Products–A Comparison .
Journal of Food Distribution Research, 35-37.
Braungart, M., & McDonough, W. (April 22 2002). Cradle to Cradl: Remaking the Way We Make
Things. Cradle to Cradle.
Callahan, A. (2017, August 27). Cradle to Cradle. Retrieved from William McDonough:
http://www.mcdonough.com/cradle-cradle-conversation-william-mcdonough/
Chamberlian, A. (10-03-2013). Sustainability Management System: The Triple Bottom Line. ERA
evironmental solutiions .
ECR Europe. (2009). Packaging in the Sustainability Agenda: A Guide for Corporate Decision
Makers. Europe: The European Organization for packaging and the Environment
(EUROPEN).
EPA. (June 1 2015). List of Waste & Determining if Waste is Hazardous or Non-hazardous.
County Wexford, Ireland : Environment Protection Agency.
EVANS, M. (Feb 05 2019). What Is Environmental Sustainability? 1-3.
Gheorghe Orzan, A. F.-G. (May 29 2018). Consumers’ Behavior Concerning Sustainable
Packaging: An Exploratory Study on Romanian Consumers. Mdpi, 2-4.
Green, A. (Apr 30 2018). Going Green: The road to an eco-friendly economy. UK: IBIS world.
Kat Heinrich, Mark Rawson, Michael Cowing, Mike Haywood . (Sep 2015). Disaster Waste
Management Scoping Stud. Glenelg South: Office of Green Industries SA.
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Lima, C. (2017, May 29). Viridisblog/triple-bottom-line-sustainability-and-energy-efficiency.
Retrieved from Viridis Blog: https://viridis.energy/en/blog/triple-bottom-
linesustainability-and-energy-efficiency
Mason, M. (n.d.). What Is Sustainability and Why Is It Important? Retrieved from Environmental
science: https://www.environmentalscience.org/sustainability
Neilson. (06-07-2014). Global Consumers Are Willing To Put Their Money Where Their Heart Is
When It Comes To Goods And Services From Companies Committed To Social
Responsibility. New York: The Neilson Company.
PriceWaterHouseCooper. (2010). Sustainable packaging: threat or

opportunity. PriceWaterHouseCooper.
Taylor, C., Walsh, K., Liu, K., & Ray, T. (2010). Going Green and Making Green. Harvard,
Institute of Politics.
Timothy F. Slaper, T. J. (2019). The Triple Bottom Line: What Is It and How Does It Work?
Pennsylvania: Indiana University Kelley School of Business, Indiana Business Research
Center.
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Report
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Executive Summary
Pollution free surroundings are important for human survival. Now people are more cognizant
about surroundings and they are eager to use such products that are eco-friendly in nature and
among them using shopping bag is a huge concern for everyday consumers. It has found that
secondary packaging market is one in all the quickest growing markets within the world. Though
its growth is extremely high however within the perspective of our country, the expansion wasn't
substantial enough due to lack of advance technology, product innovation, permutations.
Now the image is changing, because the individuals are getting more aware regarding
environment, eco-friendly product nature and price hiking of fossil oil products has influenced the
natural fiber packaging sector to rematerialize.
Considering all the facts our business is going to open a brand-new horizon that will be ready to
produce value and profitability in the organic packaging business and will be the leader in terms
of provision the very best quality reusable. Bags made up of domestic raw materials those will not
damage the atmosphere. Our business will entirely be using the obtainable advance technology,
domestic materials with masses of innovative ideas.
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Mission statement
Our mission is to get and keep our customers. We always be open and fair in our dealings with
our customers. We will at all times provide knowledgeable, convenient service and packaging.
Vision statement
We are passionate to serve customers the best packaging solutions. Improve on contemporary
measures including cost, quality, and speed of delivery. Develop relationship with all our
stakeholders, upholding ethical values, which the management and employees represent and
continuously strive for.
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Marketing Plan
Marketing Plan
A pollution free surroundings is important for human survival. Now people are more cognizant
about surroundings and they are eager to use such products that are eco-friendly in nature and
among them using shopping bag is a huge concern for everyday consumers. It has found that
secondary packaging market is one in all the quickest growing markets within the world. Though
its growth is extremely high however within the perspective of our country, the expansion wasn't
substantial enough due to lack of advance technology, product innovation, permutations.
Now the image is changing, because the individuals are getting more aware regarding
environment, eco-friendly product nature and price hiking of fossil oil products has influenced the
natural fiber packaging sector to rematerialize.
Considering all the facts our business is going to open a brand-new horizon that will be ready to
produce value and profitability in the organic packaging business and will be the leader in terms
of provision the very best quality reusable. Bags made up of domestic raw materials those will not
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damage the atmosphere. Our business will entirely be using the obtainable advance technology,
domestic materials with masses of innovative ideas.
Analysis of competitors
Major Competitors and their position in the market
There are some established creators of associated products within the field and once an
indepth analysis found that our major competitive advantage is our splendid quality & design at an
awfully affordable price. However, we’ve recognized three major kinds of competitors who are
not manufacturing the equal product however creating barriers to our business. They are:
Direct Competition
We’ve direct competition with all the shopping bag manufacturers and printing presses that are
marketing the alike creation within Pakistan.
Indirect Competition
We’ve indirect competition with all the producers of tiny paper packets and net bags. Still some
individuals are illegitimately manufacturing banned poly-bags. These individuals are also
competing with us indirectly.
Replacement competitor
There’s another risk of replacement competitor who may use the identical sorts resources to
provide similar sorts of product.
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Market Segmentation
Product segmentation
Government and consumers are currently concerned about global climate change and its property.
So as to satisfy the buyer, demand we are providing products at an affordable price with superior
quality. Our customers are quite aware regarding the surroundings. So, they need to use
environment friendly shopping bags.
Customer Segmentation
Since, we wish to sell our product to solely those shops/ outlet/ superstores that have a minimum
status. We are taking some super stores and a few different well-known shops as our potential
customers. However, we do have market segmentation according to the power of purchasing by
the customers. That segmentation as follows-
Master Consumer
Customers that purchase fifteen thousand units per month.
Elite Customer
Customers who buy more than seven thousand units but less than twelve thousand units per month.
General Customer
Customers who buy more than four thousand and five hundred units but less than six thousand
units are of this set.
Customer Characteristics
Our clients are quality conscious. They do not compromise with quality.
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Figure: Most significant characteristic while using shopping bag
4 P’s OF MARKETING
Product
Our company will manufacture two sorts of organic products one of them is biodegradable
bags and another one is biodegradable cartons which are in different sizes and color.
There will be three sorts of sub quality of biodegradable bag, which are:
 Biodegradable bags (normal quality)
 Biodegradable bags (good quality)
 Garbage bags
There will be three sorts of sub quality of biodegradable cartons, which are:
 Folding cartons
 Rigid cartons
 Corrugated boxes
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In the above picture each of them is gift packing jute bag. One may can use for shopping
mostly. On top of those two stuffs have solely raw jute using for the manufacturing of those
specific product. However, second one is just mixed red color for eye catching of the
merchandise.
Above those bags can use for the several purpose. Particularly middle one can use as basket also.
First one may use for shopping like carrying fruits.
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Product color available Size
Biodegradable Bags (Normal semi transparent (white, red, orange, 18*11

Quality) green)
semi-transparent (white, red, orange, 10*13
green)
green)
green)
green)
green)
Biodegradable Bags (Good Quality) semi-transparent (white, red, orange, 18*11
green)
green)
green)
green)
green)
green)
Garbage Bags Green, Blue, Grey 24*36
24*48
Biodegradable cartons
folding cartons khaki, white and black 30*30*30
30*20*20
30*25*12
rigid cartons khaki, white and black 5*5*7
corrugated boxes khaki, white and black inside( 24*18*14),
outside(274.5*18.5*14.5)
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Pricing Strategy
Price plays a crucial in business. So as to enter into the market, we’ve got determined to
use “Market Penetration pricing” as we wish to enter into the market slowly and take the market
share slowly with the maximum possible profit. So as to enter the market our strategy will be
broadly used where we are going to retail our product at the deepest fee than the competitors to
capture the market. We’ve a tendency to expect within a minor period of time that we’ll be able to
capture a greater share we are going to begin merchandising our product at competitive price.
Our business will manufacture shopping bags of different materials, sizes and color.
Price of the product

product price per KG
Biodegradable Bags (Normal Quality) 180.00
180.00
180.00
185.00
190.00
Biodegradable Bags (Good Quality) 195.00
200.00
200.00
205.00
210.00
215.00
Garbage Bags 215.00
225.00
Biodegradable cartons 225.00
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folding cartons 11.00
11.00
11.00
rigid cartons 9.00
corrugated boxes 6.00
Cost
Product cost per kg
Biodegradable Bags (Normal Quality) 158.00
158.00
158.00
170.00
166.00
168.00
Biodegradable Bags (Good Quality) 174.00
175.00
179.00
180.00
182.00
184.00
Garbage Bags 187.00
187.00
Biodegradable cartons
folding cartons 7.00
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7.00
6.00
rigid cartons 4.50
corrugated boxes 3.50
Promotion
Based on our product groupings we are going to promote and advertise our product through
following ways:
Mass marketing
In mass marketing, advertising is completed to form the product awareness between the target
audiences. Advertising through flexes, posters and sign boards are also within the space of mass
marketing.
As our business is new that is penetrating within the market. So, to produce the product awareness
between individuals professionally we are going to conduct seminars within which we are going
to create awareness about environment friendly packaging and regarding our business. Flexes and
posters will be placed in the areas where our business is going to operate to point out its presence.
Direct marketing
Direct marketing is that type of marketing within which we’ve tendency to approach our clients
directly using any convenient medium. So, the medium that we are going to use to approach the
clients will be personalized mails, personalized calls and online selling through official web site
and social media campaigns. Our sales individuals will visit the target clients directly and will give
data regarding our product.
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Personal Selling
The foremost vital approach of marketing the organic packaging is personal selling. In
personal selling, we have tendency to meet our clients personally and persuade them to shop for
our products which implies that we are going to make Direct sales to the target client through our
company agent.
There are 7 steps involved in personal selling which are given as follows:
 Prospecting
 Pre-approach
 Approach
 Presentation
 Negotiation
Closing the deal Follow up Customer Relationship Management
Prospecting
In this step our sales team recognize the potential customer's that which customers are willing to
shop for our packaging in future.
Pre-approach
For marketing the organic packaging, we are going to do publicizing activities like we meet our
clients to inform regarding our products and satisfy and persuade the clients regarding our product
to purchase.
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Approach
In this step we approach our clients through phone calls, via E-mail, or by direct contact through
our sales man to clients.
Presentation
Once doing these three steps our sales team establish that how our clients are satisfied regarding
our products and quality and we ought to comprehend the client's wants and desires furthermore
we add value in our product according to our client’s viewpoint.
Negotiation
We negotiate with our clients in terms of price and quality that we are going to deliver to our
clients.
Closing the Deal
After negotiation that we offer the most effective quality products with reasonable price that our
clients will agree to purchase the products in future.
Follow up CRM
In the end our sales team follow up with our new client to make sure satisfaction and build customer
relationship for in future or client will repeat to purchase our products in future.
Internet
We will additionally target, promote and publicize through social media using internet.
Billboard
Billboard will be placed ahead of common public places and superstores and shopping malls.
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Market Expansion Strategy and sales distribution network
As the product has equal claim on Resident as well as International Clients therefore our
focus will also be scattered equally however our first attempt will be to capture the share of our
native market first. Our first target is going to be superstores, showrooms, shopping malls, and
famous shops in the neighborhood. We’ve carefully chosen such distribution channel that will be
ready to effectively reach the marked client. Our less complicated network will allow us to cover
the foremost possible zone with the minimum possible charge.
Marketing Budget (Yearly)

Product Year 1 Year 2 Year 3 Year 4 Year 5
a. Promotion 50000 55000 58850 62969.5 67377.37
b Distribution of product 46,000 50600 54142 57931.94 61987.18
c. Sales commission (2% net 140000 154000 164780 176314.6 188656.6

sales)
d. Mass marketing, direct 42,000 46200 49434 52894.38 56596.99

marketing, Internet marketing,
trade show, sales bonus.
Total 278000 305800 327206 350110.4 374618.1
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Business Social Responsibility (BSR)
In our business strategy we’ve highlighted expressively on Business Social Responsibility (BSR).
We’ve got an enormous arrange for safeguarding its presence and survival of our stakeholder like-
the owners, investors, employees, consumers and government especially and the society and
community in normally. Environment pollution is a top alarm to the human across the countries.
To lessen environment pollution, it is a vigorous necessity to launch green technology. We select
our business type from our responsibilities towards country and world.
Research and Development (R&D)
Research and Development is a significant need for sound operation of any business, as a unique
Business concern we are going to take essential provision for research and development of
products. We are going to form a magnificent technical, industrial and producing team, Manager
(Product and acquisition) will lead the research and development team involved in priority work,
researching and developing new ideas and technology in versatile packaging system.
Following area problems related to R&D
 Product development (diversification of product, up gradation of product
 Process development (mill management, maintenance)
 Machine Up gradation
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Training & Development
As we are occupied with new technology but, machinery operators can ought to be given education
for Quality product. To extend the ability of the employees we are going to provide
 Regular coaching session
 To make trained up employees by external training program
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Project Costing
Fixed Assets
Building maintenance
Description Units Per Unit Cost Total Cost
ceiling 4.00 15,000.00 60,000.00
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Paint 20,000.00
Wood cupboards 4.00 4,000.00 16,000.00
Wiring 10,000.00
Switch Boards 16.00 740.00 11,840.00
Wood Counter 2.00 6,000.00 12,000.00
ceiling LEDs 30.00 210.00 6,300.00
Fans 8.00 4,000.00 32,000.00
Cupboards Locks 12.00 150.00 1,800.00
TOTAL 169,940.00
Furniture
Description Units Per Unit Cost Total Cost Maker
Clocks 2.00 250.00 500.00 ShahAlam Market

Executive Chairs 2.00 4,000.00 8,000.00 Daraz.pk
Plastic Chairs 1,000.00 Boss
12.00 12,000.00
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Plastic Table 2.00 1,800.00 3,600.00 Boss
Sofa set 2.00 13,500.00 Local maker
27,000.00
Dispenser 1.00 16,000.00 Orient
16,000.00
A/C 1.00 77,900.00 Gree(1.5)
77,900.00
Heater 1.00 3,000.00 3,000.00 Super Asia
fridge 1.00 33,699.00 Orient
33,699.00
Cameras 4.00 4,925.00 Dahua white package
19,700.00
TOTAL 201,399.00
Machinery
Description Units Per Unit Cost Total Cost
organic carton machine 1.00 935,000.00 935,000.00

Organic shopping bag machine 1.00 765,000.00 765,000.00
Printing Machine 1.00 375,000.00 375,000.00
TOTAL 2,075,000.00
Utilities
Year 1(2017)
Description Occurrence Units Per month Per Unit Cost Total Cost
Wages per month 4 25000 100000
Rent per month 1 50000 50000
Electricity per month 1 5000 5000
Patrol per week 4 1000 4000
Entertainment per week 4 4000 16000
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Internet Connection per month 1 4000 4000
Office Supplies 5000 5000
Total 134000
TOTAL 184000
Year 2(2018)
Total 134000
TOTAL 184000
Year 3(2019)
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Total 154000
TOTAL 204000
Year 4(2020)
Total 159000
TOTAL 214000
Year 5(2021)
Total 159000
TOTAL 214000
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Year 6(2022)
Total 159000
TOTAL 214000
Year 7(2023)
Total 159000
TOTAL 214000
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Depreciation
Fixed Assets Overall Per Year
Equipment and Machinery 2075,000.00 296,428.00
Furniture 209,403.00 299,14.10
Office Setup 169,940.00 24277.14
Total 2,454,343.00 350,620.43
Years 7
Total Depreciation Per year 350620.43
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Revenue and Costing
Revenue and Costing
Year 1
Total days a year 365
Working Days in year 300
Working days in a month 25
Sunday 53
Holidays 12
Product Size Sales Per Revenue Cost

Month
Biodegradable Bags 18*11 144000 126400
(Normal Quality) 800.00
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10*13 108000 94800
600.00
12*15 108000 94800
600.00
15*18 92500 85000
500.00
18*26 91200 79680
480.00
18*21 97500 84000
500.00
Biodegradable Bags (Good
Quality)
18*11 160000 139200
800.00
10*13 120000 105000
600.00
12*15 123000 107400
600.00
15*18 105000 90000
500.00
18*26 103200 87360
480.00
Garbage Bags 18*21 107500 92000
500.00
Biodegradable cartons 24*36 90000 74800

400.00
Folding cartons 24*48 90000 74800
400.00
30*30*30 22000 14000

2,000.00
30*20*20 22000 14000
2,000.00
30*25*12 22000 12000
2,000.00
rigid cartons 5*5*7 22500 11250

2,500.00
corrugated boxes inside (24*18*14), 15000 8750
outside(274.5*18.5*14.5) 2,500.00
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Total
18,760.00 1,643,400.00 1,395,240.00
Year 2
Month
Biodegradable Bags 18*11 144000 126400
(Normal Quality) 800.00
10*13 108000 94800
600.00
12*15 108000 94800
600.00
15*18 92500 85000
500.00
18*26 91200 79680
480.00
18*21 97500 84000
500.00
Biodegradable Bags
(Good Quality)
18*11 160000 139200
800.00
10*13 120000 105000
600.00
12*15 123000 107400
600.00
15*18 105000 90000
500.00
18*26 103200 87360
480.00
Garbage Bags 18*21 107500 92000
500.00
Biodegradable cartons 24*36 90000 74800
400.00
folding cartons 24*48 90000 74800
400.00
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30*30*30 22000 14000
2,000.00
30*20*20 22000 14000
2,000.00
30*25*12 22000 12000
2,000.00
rigid cartons 5*5*7 22500 11250

2,500.00
corrugated boxes Inside ( 24*18*14), 15000 8750
outside(274.5*18.5* 2,500.00
14.5)
Total 1,643,400.00 1,395,240.00

18,760.00
Year 3
Product size Sales Per Revenue Cost
Month
Biodegradable Bags (Normal 18*11 161784 142010.4
Quality) 840.00
10*13 121338 106507.8
630.00
12*15 121338 106507.8
630.00
15*18 103923.75 95497.5
525.00
18*26 102463.2 89520.48
504.00
18*21 109541.25 94374
525.00
Quality)
18*11 179760 156391.2
840.00
10*13 134820 117967.5
630.00
12*15 138190.5 120663.9
630.00
15*18 117967.5 101115
525.00
18*26 115945.2 98148.96
504.00
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Garbage Bags 18*21 120776.25 103362
525.00
Biodegradable cartons 24*36 101115 84037.8

420.00
folding cartons 24*48 94500 84037.8
420.00
30*30*30 24717 15729

2,100.00
30*20*20 24717 15729
2,100.00
30*25*12 24717 13482
2,100.00
rigid cartons 5*5*7 25278.75 12639.375

2,625.00
corrugated boxes Inside ( 24*18*14), 16852.5 9830.625
outside(274.5*18.5*14 2,625.00
.5)
Total 1,839,744.90 1,567,552.14

19,698.00
Year 4
Month
Biodegradable Bags (Normal 18*11 178302.1464 156509.6618
Quality) 865.20
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10*13 133726.6098 117382.2464
648.90
12*15 133726.6098 117382.2464
648.90
15*18 114534.3649 105247.7948
540.75
18*26 112924.6927 98660.52101
519.12
18*21 120725.4116 104009.5854
540.75
Quality)
18*11 198113.496 172358.7415
865.20
10*13 148585.122 130011.9818
648.90
12*15 152299.7501 132983.6842
648.90
15*18 130011.9818 111438.8415
540.75
18*26 127783.2049 108169.9688
519.12
Garbage Bags 18*21 133107.5051 113915.2602
540.75
Biodegradable cartons 24*36 111438.8415 92618.05938

432.60
folding cartons 24*48 111438.8415 92618.05938
432.60
30*30*30 27240.6057 18029.2539

2,163.00
30*20*20 27240.6057 17334.9309
2,163.00
30*25*12 27240.6057 14858.5122
2,163.00
rigid cartons 5*5*7 27859.71038 13929.85519

2,703.75
corrugated boxes Inside ( 24*18*14), 18573.14025 10834.33181
outside(274.5*18.5*14. 2,703.75
5)
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Total
20,288.94 2,034,873.25 1,728,293.54
Year 5
Month
Biodegradable Bags 18*11 882.50 181868.1893 159639.8551
(Normal Quality)
10*13 661.88 136401.142 119729.8913
12*15 661.88 136401.142 119729.8913
15*18 551.57 116825.0522 107352.7506
18*26 529.50 115183.1866 100633.7314
18*21 551.57 123139.9199 106089.7771
Biodegradable Bags
(Good Quality)
18*11 882.50 202075.7659 175805.9164
10*13 661.88 151556.8244 132612.2214
12*15 661.88 155345.7451 135643.3579
15*18 551.57 132612.2214 113667.6183
18*26 529.50 130338.869 110333.3682
Garbage Bags 18*21 551.57 135769.6552 116193.5654
Biodegradable cartons 24*36 441.25 113667.6183 94470.42057

folding cartons 24*48 441.25 113667.6183 94470.42057
30*30*30 2,206.26 27785.41781 18389.83898

30*20*20 2,206.26 27785.41781 17681.62952
30*25*12 2,206.26 27785.41781 15155.68244
rigid cartons 5*5*7 2,757.83 28416.90458 14208.45229
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corrugated boxes Inside ( 2,757.83 18944.60306 11051.01845
24*18*14),
outside(274.5*
18.5*14.5)
Total 20,694.72 2,075,570.71 1,762,859.41
Year 6
Month
Quality) 900.15
10*13 139129.1648 122124.4891
675.12
12*15 139129.1648 122124.4891
675.12
15*18 119161.5532 109499.8057
562.60
18*26 117486.8503 102646.4061
540.09
18*21 125602.7183 108211.5727
562.60
Quality)
18*11 206117.2812 179322.0347
900.15
10*13 154587.9609 135264.4658
675.12
12*15 158452.66 138356.225
675.12
15*18 135264.4658 115940.9707
562.60
18*26 132945.6464 112540.0356
540.09
Garbage Bags 18*21 138485.0483 118517.4367
562.60

450.08
folding cartons 24*48 115940.9707 96359.82898
450.08
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30*30*30 28341.12617 18757.63576
2,250.39
30*20*20 28341.12617 18035.26211
2,250.39
30*25*12 28341.12617 15458.79609
2,250.39
rigid cartons 5*5*7 28985.24267 14492.62134

2,812.98
corrugated boxes inside( 19323.49512 11272.03882
24*18*14), 2,812.98
outside(274.5*1
8.5*14.5)
2,117,082.12 1,798,116.60
Total
21,108.61 2,265,277.87 1,923,984.76
Year 7
Month
Quality) 918.16
10*13 141911.7481 124566.9789
688.62
12*15 141911.7481 124566.9789
688.62
15*18 121544.7843 111689.8018
573.85
18*26 119836.5873 104699.3342
550.89
18*21 128114.7726 110375.8041
573.85
Quality)
18*11 210239.6269 182908.4754
918.16
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10*13 157679.7201 137969.7551
688.62
12*15 161621.7132 141123.3495
688.62
15*18 137969.7551 118259.7901
573.85
18*26 135604.5593 114790.8363
550.89
Garbage Bags 18*21 141254.7493 120887.7854
573.85

459.08
folding cartons 24*48 118259.7901 98287.02556
459.08
30*30*30 28907.94869 19132.78847

2,295.39
30*20*20 28907.94869 18395.96735
2,295.39
30*25*12 28907.94869 15767.97201
2,295.39
rigid cartons 5*5*7 29564.94753 14782.47376

2,869.24
corrugated boxes inside( 19709.96502 11497.47959
24*18*14), 2,869.24
outside(274.5*1
8.5*14.5)
Total 2,159,423.77 1,834,078.93

2,310,583.43 1,962,464.45
21,530.79
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Financial Statements
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Income Statements
Income Statement 2017
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Income Statement
2019
Dr Cr
Balance
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Dr Cr Balance
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Dr
Cr Balance
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Statement of Owner Equity
Statement of Owner Equity 2017

Balance
Capital 2,800,000.00
Net income/Loss
(41,500.00)
withdrawls -
Increase/Decrease in O.E
(41,500.00)
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Capital , December2017 2,758,500.00

Balance
Capital 2,758,500.00
Net income/Loss 281,737.22
withdrawls -
Increase/Decrease in O.E 281,737.22

Balance
Capital 3,040,237.22
withdrawls -

Balance
Capital 3,362,140.72
withdrawls -
Statement of Owner Equity2021

Balance
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Capital 3,926,938.24
withdrawls -

Balance
Capital 4,552,806.44
withdrawls -

Balance
Capital 5,240,966.73
withdrawls -

Balance
Capital 5,992,664.95
withdrawls -
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Cash Flow Statements
Cash Flow Statement 2017
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Cash Flow Statement
2018
CashFlow from Operating Activities
Net income 281,737.22

add depreciation 350,620.43
inventory 1,250,664.11
Account payable (1,250,664.11)
Operating Total 632,357.64

CashFlow from Investing Activities
Office setup
Furniture
Equip&Mach
Investing Total -
CashFlow from Financing Activities
capital investment 1,504,157.00
notes payable 171,428.57
Financing Total 1,332,728.43
Net CashFlow 1,965,086.07
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Office setup
Furniture
Equip&Mach
Investing Total -
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Cash Flow Statement
2020
CashFlow from Operating

Activities


Office setup
Furniture
Equip&Mach
Investing Total -
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Office setup
Furniture
Equip&Mach
Investing Total -
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Cash Flow Statement
2023

Activities

Operating Total 1,038,780.72

Office setup
Furniture
Equip&Mach
Investing Total -
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Cash Flow Statement
2024

Activities
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Cash Flow Statement
2025

Activities


Office setup
Furniture
Equip&Mach
Investing Total -
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Cash Flow Statement
2026

Activities

inventory 497,157.06
Account payable (497,157.06)

Office setup
Furniture
Equip&Mach
Investing Total -
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Cash Flow Statement
2027

Activities
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Balance Sheets
Balance Sheet 2017
Assets Equity and Liability

Liabilities
Current Asset Dr Cr Balance Current Liabilites Dr Cr Balance
cash 1,504,157.00 Account payable 373,810.00

Long Term Liabilities
Loan Payable 1,200,000.00
Total Liabilities
Fixed Asset Equity
office setup 169,940.00 S.Nazim Capital 2,758,500.00
furniture 209,403.00
equipment & Machinery 2,075,000.00
Accumulated Dep
Total Fixed Assets 2,454,343.00
Total Asset 4,332,310.00 Total Liability and Equity 4,332,310.00
Balance Sheet 2018

Liabilities
cash 1,965,086.07 Account Payable 43,078.03

Inventory 43,078.03
Loan Payable 1,028,571.43
Total Liabilities
Fixed Asset Equity
Office setup 169,940.00 S.Nazim Capital 3,040,237.22
Furniture 209,403.00
Equipmtent And Machinery 2,075,000.00
Accumulated Dep 350,620.43
Total Fixed Assets
Balance Sheet 2019

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Liabilities

Inventory 40,185.35
Loan Payable 857,142.86
Total Liabilities
Fixed Asset Equity

Accumulated Dep 701,240.86
Total Fixed Assets
Balance Sheet 2020

Liabilities

inventory 8,641.47
Total Liabilities
Fixed Asset Equity
Accumulated Dep 1,051,861.29
Total Fixed Assets
Balance Sheet 2021
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Liabilities

Inventory 8,814.30
Total Liabilities
Fixed Asset Equity
Total Fixed Assets
Balance Sheet 2022
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Balance Sheet 2023
Balance Sheet 2024

Liabilities

Loan Payable -
Total Liabilities
Fixed Asset Equity

Total Fixed Assets
Total Asset 6,340,492.93Total Liability and Equity 6,340,492.93
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Findings
WACC
Total Amount 4,000,000.00
Equity Amount 2,800,000.00 Weightage of Equity 70%
Debt Amount 1,200,000.00 Weightage of Debt 30%
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Interest on Debt 11% Return On Equity 10%
WACC 10.30%
Forecasting (2017-2024)
2017 2018 2019 2020 2021 2022 2023 2024
Years 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7
Investment (4,000,000.00)
Revenue
Variable Cost
Fixed Cost
Gross Profit 19,720,800.00 22,076,938.80 24,418,478.95 24,906,848.53 25,404,985.50 25,913,085.21 26,680,070.90
Depreciation
EBIT
16,742,880.00 18,810,625.68 20,739,522.44 21,154,312.89 21,577,399.14 22,008,947.13 22,663,539.07
EBT
Tax (17%)
Net Income 2,619,620.43 2,509,000.00 2,629,000.00 2,629,000.00 2,629,000.00 2,629,000.00 2,629,000.00
OCF
Work. Capital Changes
708,920.00 757,313.12 1,049,956.51 1,123,535.64 1,198,586.35 1,275,138.08 1,387,531.83
Free Cash Flow
350,620.43 350,620.43 350,620.43 350,620.43 350,620.43 350,620.43 350,620.43
358,299.57 406,692.69 699,336.08 772,915.21 847,965.93 924,517.65 1,036,911.40
(50,000.00) 358,299.57 406,692.69 699,336.08 772,915.21 847,965.93 924,517.65 1,036,911.40

(8,500.00) 60,910.93 69,137.76 118,887.13 131,395.59 144,154.21 157,168.00 176,274.94
(41,500.00) 297,388.64 337,554.93 580,448.95 641,519.63 703,811.72 767,349.65 860,636.47
648,009.07 688,175.36 931,069.38 992,140.06 1,054,432.15 1,117,970.08 1,211,256.89
(373,810.00) (43,078.03) (40,185.35) (8,641.47) (8,814.30) (8,990.58) (13,637.33) 497,157.06

(4,041,500.00) 604,931.04 647,990.01 922,427.91 983,325.76 1,045,441.56 1,104,332.75 1,708,413.96
2017 2018 2019 2020 2021 2022 2023 2024
Working Capital
Year 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7
Inventory
Account Payable (1,495,240.00) (1,667,552.14) (1,828,293.54) (1,862,859.41) (1,898,116.60) (1,934,078.93) (1,988,628.26)
1,121,430.00 1,250,664.11 1,371,220.15 1,397,144.56 1,423,587.45 1,450,559.20 1,491,471.19
Working capital
(373,810.00) (416,888.04) (457,073.38) (465,714.85) (474,529.15) (483,519.73) (497,157.06)

43,078.03 40,185.35 8,641.47 8,814.30 8,990.58 13,637.33 497,157.06
(373,810.00)
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Report
Months 12
Year 07
NPV 457,891.43
IRR 13%
MIRR 12%
PI 1.11330
Hence, according to our financial report this business is feasible. Every year our revenues are increasing
along with net income.
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CONCLUSION
The present study examines the detailed scenario of organic and biodegradable packaging in
Pakistan. The cradle to grave approach is the only way to assess the benefits of biodegradation.
Such products, which we use in daily life wrap in form of bag, carton, tin or any other container
should be in eco-friendly packaging. Eco-Pak Biodegradable packages provides natural and easily
degradable protection when used mainly for the packaging of the products from the moment the
production process begins until the product is consumed. Our biodegradable packaging company
challenge to the other companies, which are using harmful material for packaging. Bags and
Cartons serialization machine majorly covers pharmaceutical industries. Increasing trend for
medicines and food items have risen the demand for carton, which has resulted in increased sales
of cartons and we take orders on less cost. Eco-Pak has features of cartons and bags serialization
machine due to which every product that is present in the box gets a particular unique identity.
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RECOMMENDATIONS
In view of large-scale production of biodegradable packaging, handling requirement, safe utility
and careful disposal in the environment are the key issues in Pakistan. We recommend following
measures with Pakistan environmental and human health:
 There are no adverse effects to the environment and nature arising out the use of
biodegradable bags / bulk packaging. At every step, from manufacturing to end use,
packaging materials is an environment-friendly process therefore, more and more use of
these commodity plastics will help in the protection of nature and environment.
 Recognize environmental management as the highest priority.
 Educate and motivate employee / customer / public to carry out their activities in an
environmentally friendly way
 Develop and provide products and services that do not harm the environment.
 Develop and operate facilities and undertake activities with energy efficiency, sustainable
use of renewable resources and waste generation in mind.
Finally, growth in the use of biodegradable packaging may be supported, either directly and
indirectly by the government because the current PTI government working a lot on clean and eco-
friendly environment. Price of biodegradable products is also the challenge for future growth. The
strongest demand will develop for those biodegradable products that offer consumer a unique
benefit.
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REFERANCES
[BVSE 2008] Warum Bio-Kunststoffe beim Recycling Probleme machen
[Bohlmann 2004] Gregory M. Bohlmann, Biodegradable packaging life-cycle assessment, 2004
[Danone 2011] Slide presentation by Mr. Bartel (Danone) at Interpack, Düsseldorf, 2011
[European Bioplastics 2011b] European Bioplastics: Fact Sheet: Was sind Biokunststoffe? 2011
[Chaffee et al. 2007] Chaffee, C. ; Yaros, B.R.; Bousted Consulting & Associates Ltd., Progressive Bag
Alliance: LCA for Three Types of Grocery Bags - Recyclable Plastic, Compostable,
Biodegradable Plastic and Recycled, Reclyclable Paper ; 2007
[Christiani 2011] Persönliche Kommunikation, Dr Joachim Christiani (http) June 2011
[de Greef 2009] Horses for courses: criteria for feedstock selection. Willy de Greef, EuropaBio.
Slide presentation, 26/3/2009
[Plastics Europe 2010] Eco-profile PET. Download from www.plasticseurope.com
[Reinhardt et al. 2007] Nachwachsende Rohstoffe für die chemische Industrie: Optionen und Potenziale für
die Zukunft. IFEU-Heidelberg, sponsored by VCI, 2007.
[WRAP 2008] Domestic Mixed Plastics Packaging Waste Management Options. WRAP, UK,
2008. ISBN 1-84405- 396-2
[Wellenreuther et al. 2009b] unpublished portion of the Life Cycle Assessment of Waste Bags study.
IFEU-Institut, 2009
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Final Year Project

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Final Year Project

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Final Year Project

Ma’am Shamaila Gull

Organic and Biodegradable

Edible Cutlery ........................................................................................................................................................10

Breaze Mask ..........................................................................................................................................................12

Problem Statement .................................................................................................................................................16

Goals and Objective...............................................................................................................................................17

Save World ........................................................................................................................................................17

Use of Natural resources ....................................................................................................................................17

Decrease Carbon Footprint ................................................................................................................................17

Free of Allergens and Toxins ............................................................................................................................17

Bio-Degradable and Compostable Packaging ...................................................................................................17

Cost effective .....................................................................................................................................................17

Significance of Research .......................................................................................................................................18

Executive Summary ...............................................................................................................................................28

Mission statement ..................................................................................................................................................29

Vision statement ....................................................................................................................................................29

Analysis of competitors .........................................................................................................................................31

Major Competitors and their position in the market ..........................................................................................31

Indirect Competition ......................................................................................................................................31

Replacement competitor ................................................................................................................................31

Market Segmentation .............................................................................................................................................32

Customer Segmentation .....................................................................................................................................32

Master Consumer ...............................................................................................................................................32

Elite Customer ...................................................................................................................................................32

General Customer ..............................................................................................................................................32

Customer Characteristics ...................................................................................................................................32

4 P’s OF MARKETING ........................................................................................................................................33

Pricing Strategy .................................................................................................................................................36

Price of the product ............................................................................................................................................36

Mass marketing ..............................................................................................................................................38

Direct marketing ............................................................................................................................................38

Personal Selling .............................................................................................................................................39

Closing the Deal .............................................................................................................................................40

Follow up CRM .................................................................................................................................................40

Market Expansion Strategy and sales distribution network ..............................................................................41

Marketing Budget (Yearly)....................................................................................................................................41

Business Social Responsibility (BSR) ...............................................................................................................42

Research and Development (R&D) ...................................................................................................................42

Training & Development ...................................................................................................................................43

Fixed Assets ...........................................................................................................................................................44

Building maintenance ........................................................................................................................................44

Year 1(2017) ......................................................................................................................................................46

Year 2(2018) ......................................................................................................................................................47

Year 3(2019) ......................................................................................................................................................47

Year 4(2020) ......................................................................................................................................................48

Year 6(2022) ......................................................................................................................................................49

Year 7(2023) ......................................................................................................................................................49

Revenue and Costing .............................................................................................................................................51

Income Statements .................................................................................................................... 65

Statement of Owner Equity ....................................................................................................... 73

Cash Flow Statements ............................................................................................................... 75

Balance Sheets .......................................................................................................................... 83

Water saving during laundry

energy use by up to 50 percent. XOrbs can provides nearly thousands of washes.

Plastic cutlery usage causes damages to our health

Electricity from the footstep of people

Pavegen becomes a permanent and commercial smart-flooring solution.

Plastic is Toxic & Harmful

environment. In its production, it releases dioxins, phthalates, vinyl chloride, ethylene

dichloride, lead, cadmium and other toxic chemicals.

Plastic is Inorganic & Ungradable

environment. Plastic is usually disposed by three ways in the world