Customs of the Tagalogs

 Juan de Plasencia - Franciscan Friar, defender of the natives

 Santiago de Vera - chief justice of the Royal Audiencia and 6th Spanish Governor General
 Chiefs
 Datos - Captain in their wars
 Ruled over as many as hundred houses sometimes less than 30-BARANGAY
3 Castes
 Free born
 Maharlika
Nobles  Do not pay tax or tribute to the dato but must accompany him in war
 Aliping namamahay
 They live in their own houses
Commoners  Lords of their property and gold
 Cannot be made slaves nor can be sold
 Aliping sa guguilir
 May be sold
Slaves  He can ransom himself to become aliping namamahay by paying not less
than 5 taels

Marriage
 Maharlika (man)- children and mother(slave) will be free
 Maharlika (man) - the woman is not her slave he must give half of gold tael to the master of the woman.
Half of the child will be free
 Maharlika (woman)- children and the slave(man) will be free provided that he were not her husband
 After marriage will pay a certain fine in gold in order to move from one village to another
Division of the Children
 If the father/mother is slave all those belong to him/her will become slave
 If the father/mother is free all those belong to him/her will be free
 Even numbers of children- to the mother
 Odd numbers of children- to the father
 Only child- half free and half slave
Money
 Father’s debt is child’s debt
 Inheritance
 The legitimate children will be inherited equally
 The illegitimate children were not given a share of inheritance
 Adopted children inherit double of what was paid for their adoption
Divorce
 Wife left and marry the dowry will be given to the husband
 Wife left but not married to another the dowry will retain to her
 Husband leaves the wife he loses half the dowry
 Wife die without children her parents will return half of the dowry to the husband
 Husband died half of the dowry will be given to his relatives
Missions of the Provinces of Ilocos and Pangasinan in General
 Antonio Mozo - Augustinian Missionary
 30 leguas
 Caste of Chinese
Igolot  Great degree of cruelty and are barbarous
 Their only desire is to take captives
 40 leguas
 Tractable, gentle, industrious
Tinggian  More civilized conditions
 Open to teachings of Christianity
 30 leguas
 Surpasses the Igorot’s cruelty, bloodthirstiness, and barbarism
Apayao  They ambushes in roads
 They do not celebrate funerals and obsequies of their dead
 Fewer people
Adang  Less powerful
 Dwell in inaccessible places

 Fray Francisco Cordova - was sent to Agoo

 Fray Manuel Carrilo accompanied by Mozo - miraculous change because of their visitation (5 chiefs
asked Carrilo to send missionaries)
 Fray Joseph Herice - “The Hunter of the Soul” according to the Infidels

Declaration of Philippine Independence

 Ambrosia Rianzares Bautista
 lawyer and author of the Philippine Independence
 1st adviser to Pres. Emilio Aguinaldo
 The people of this country are tired of the Spanish domination
 The civil guards abuses and arrests the Filipinos who at times would shoot those who attempted to escape.
 August 1896 - the revolution started to regain the independence and sovereignty
 Abuses of powers by the officials
 Unjust execution of Rizal and others who were sacrificed
Philippine Flag
 White Triangle
 Signifying the Katipunan which means of its blood compact inspired the masses to rise in
revolution
 Sun
 The gigantic steps made along the path of progress and civilization
 The 8 Rays
 8 provinces
 Manila, Cavite, Bulacan, Pampanga, Nueva Ecija, Bataan, Laguna, Batangas
 Three Stars
 3 principal islands
 Luzon, Mindanao, Panay

 The Color Blue, Red and White

  Commemorating the flag of the United States of North America as a manifestation of our
profound gratitude towards the great nation for its disinterested protection which it lent us and
continue lending us

Political Caricatures of the American Era

 The Independent - newspaper
 Fernando Amorsolo - Painter, first national artist of the Philippines for painting.
- Sharpened the cartoons cutting edge.
 Vicente Sotto - The publisher of The Independent

 Introduces the Spanish Cultural Center in January 1917

Long Live Spain Free of
Religious Corporations!
A Duel to Death
There are no Prosecuting
Attorneys for Jobbers …
Mientras elChino progresa, el
Filipino se estanca
 The Independent treasures Spanish literacy but cannot forget
the abuses of the friars
 FR Spanish friars carrying devils pitchfork
 Jesuits leaders holds a bleeding dagger
 Drawn in early 1917 when Manila City Fiscal Quintin
Paredes filed 2 criminal libel suits against the newspaper
 Php 200,000 in damages
 Jesuits - lean, wart nosed devils
 Dominicans - fat Hispanics
 Drawn as a big fighting cock because of pursuing two libel
suits against the newspaper instead of focusing into the
wartime food speculators
 Cavan of rice increase from 4.71 to 5.92
 The chinese progresses while Filipinos stay the same
 It illustrates the chinese corruption of Filipino civil servants
 The independent suggests that opium should be legalized as a
source of government revenue

Site of the First Mass; Antonio Pigafetta; First Voyage Around the World
 Antonio Pigaffeta - Antonio Lombardo or Francisco Antonio Pigafetta
 Acquada da li buoni Segnalli - The great watering-place of Good Signs
 San Lazaro - named after they were discovered on the Sunday of St. Lazarus
 Seignior - power or authority of a feudal lord
The Four islands where Magellan’s Crew their Course
1. Cenalo - Dinagat
2. Hiunanghan - Cabugan
3. Ibusson - Gibuson
4. Abarien - Manicani
 Zumatra - a slave of Magellan was a native of this place. Part of Sundra Island
 All the dishes and some portion of the kings house are made out of gold
 King Raia Colambu
 1st king
 King Raia Siaui
 2nd king
 He was the finest looking man in the island
 Early morning of Sunday the last of March and Easter day the captain general sent the priest to prepare
the place where Mass was to be said
  Two kings were sprinkled with musk water by captain general
 The kings kiss the cross
 The body of the Lord was elevated they continue to worship the Lord
 After the mass some men took the communion
 The captain general arranged the fencing tournament at which the king were greatly pleased
 They passed 5 islands - Ceylon, Bohol, Canighan, Baybai and Gatighan
 In Gatighan there were eagle with a sized of bats and tasted like chicken
 Zulu from Gatighan, the distance to Zubu being fifteen leagues (one league = 5.556 km)

Cavite Mutiny
 Jose Montero Y. Vidal – his version of the Cavite Mutiny
o Filipinos wanted to overthrow the Spanish Government in the likes of The GomBurZa - Fr.
Mariano Gomez, Fr. Jose Burgos, and Fr. Jacinto Zamora
o January 20, 1872 (evening)
 Fireworks were displayed to celebrate the feast of the Virgin of Loreto
 They mistook this as a signal to revolt
 9:30pm of that day 200 native soldiers under the leadership of Sergeant La Madrid rose up in
arms.
 Governor Izquierdo - received the news
January 27, 1872 Captain-General fixed his “cumplase” on the sentence
Eleven more sentence to death but was commuted this
February 6, 1872 sentence to life imprisonment
the sentence of death was pronounced on Camerino and ten
years imprisonment on eleven individuals of the famous
February 8, 1872 “Guias de la Torre” for the assassination of the Spaniards
Sentenced to die by strangulation the Filipino priests. D.
Jose Burgos, D. Jacinto Zamora and D. Mariano Gomez at
February 15, 1872 Francisco Saldua; Maximo Inocencio, Enrique Paraiso at
Crisanto de los Reyes to 10 years imprisonment
Sto. Domingo Church celebrated a special mass at which
high officials of the government, the religious corporations,
and the general public attended upon invitation by the
July 1872 Governador and Captain General of the Philippines
 Dr. Trinidad H. Pardo de Tavera - his version of the Cavite Mutiny
 The arrival of General Izquierdo (1871-1873) was the signal for a complete change in the aspect
of affairs
 General Izquierdo announced that he intended to govern the people “with a crucifix in one hand
and a sword in the other”
 His first official act was to prohibit the founding of a school of arts and trades because he believed
that the establishment of the new school was a pretext for the organization of a political club
 January 20, 1872. There was an uprising among the soldiers in the San Felipe fort, in Cavite, where
commanding officer and other Spanish officers were assassinated
GomBurZa
 Fr. Gomez- pure Tagalog
 Fr. Burgos-half-blood Spaniard
 Fr. Zamora- half-blood china man

Results of the Mutiny

 One of the result Of the mutiny in Cavite was to strengthen the power of the friars in the Philippine
  Filipinos looked upon the religious orders as their real masters and as the representative, powerful and
unsparing of the Spanish Kingdom
 Filipinos had never blamed the Spanish nation for the backward condition in which the islands existed nor
the injustices commited in the islands by the Spanish officials
 Filipino people aspire the independence of these islands because of the people who sacrificed their selves
to let other people see the condition of these islands
 Nothing was done by the government to blot out the recollection of these actions

Cry of the Balintawak or Pugad Lawin

Dr. Pio Valenzuela Guillermo Santiago Alvarez Guardia Civil Gregoria De

Masangkay Jesus

Balintawak was the Barn of Kabesang The conspiracy The activities of

first place of refuge Melchora Aquino having been the Katipunan
called Sampalukan, discovered, had reached
barrio of Bahay Bonifacio and his nearly all corners
Toro followers hurriedly of the Philippine
fled to the nearby Archipelago
town of Caloocan

500 members of the On August 26, 1896, On August 25, the the first cry for
Katipunan met on a big meeting was Supreme Council freedom was on
Aug. 20 1896 at the held in Balintawak, at called for a big August 25, 1896
house of Apolonio the house of Apolonio meeting in the barrio
Samson Samson, then the of Balintanac
cabeza of that barrio
of Caloocan

Views were only nine o’clock in the

exchanged, and no morning, the meeting
resolution was
was opened with
debated or adopted Andres Bonifacio
presiding and Emilio
Jacinto acting as
secretary
On Aug. 23, 1896, At about 5 o’clock in 1,000 Orders were
over 1000 member of the afternoon, the Katipuneros met immediately sent
Katipunan met at guards gave warning together on August out to Manila,
Pugad Lawin that the Spaniards 23, 1896 Cavite, Nueva Ecija
were coming and other provinces
for the Katipuneros
to strike at dawn on
Sunday, August
30th
 Teodoro Plata, Led by Bonifacio, Ready and eager to
Bonifacio’s brother- Emilio Jacinto and join the “Supremo”
in-law, the only one other leaders of the Andres Bonifacio
man who fought and Katipunan, the men and his men
protested against the were distributed in
war strategic positions
and were prepared for
the attack of the civil
guards

“LONG LIVE THE “LONG LIVE THE

PHILIPPINES! SONS OF THE
LONG LIVE THE COUNTRY”
PHILIPPINES!”

Borromeo-Buehler’s Synthesis
 1st Interpretation: First shot between the Katipuneros and Civil Guards
 2nd Interpretation: Shouting in a cave
 3rd Interpretation: Formation of the Revolutionary Government
 4th Interpretation: Shredding of cedulas
Founding fathers of the Katipunan
 Deodato Arellano
 Andres Bonifacio
 Teodoro Plata
 Ladislao Diwa
 Valentin Diaz

The First President: Andres Bonifacio vs. Emilio Aguinaldo

 Apolinario Mabini
 Filipino political philosopher and architect of the Philippine revolution
 Liga Filipina
 Organized by Rizal
 The society was dissolved but reorganized and Mabini as a secretary
 Objectives are:
1. To contribute to the support of La Solidaridad and the reforms it asked.
2. To raise funds to meet the expenses
 Thanks to Bonifacio’s efforts, people’s councils were soon organized in Tondo and Trozo and other
places. Did not agree with the society’s objectives
 Those who still want to keep up the publication formed the group of “The Compromisarios”
 Andres Bonifacio reorganized the society under the name of “Katipunan ng mga Anak ng Bayan” and the
Katipunan grew rapidly
The Revolution
 Head of the printing press of the Diario de Manila discovered that some of his
employees belonged to a secret society, handed them over to the constabulary for the
August 1896 corresponding investigation
 Rizal (PUBLISHED La Solidaridad) was shot and those really guilty of giving cause
for the Filipinos to hate the very name of Spaniard were praised for their patriotism
30 December 1896
 Under the orders of Don Emilio Aguinaldo, the town mayor, and of Don Candido
Tirona, who died in the encounter, were able to retake the powder-magazine of
11th November 1896 Binacayan.
 Andres Bonifacio went to Cavite to unify the endeavors of the two.
 General Polavieja, at the head of a considerable force, boldly decided to overrun the
province of Cavite, and Edilberto, who was conducting the defense of the Sapote river,
17th February 1897 died fighting heroically
 The members of both councils, together with the principal military leaders, gathered
in the estate-house of Tejero. Bonifacio agreed on the election of a central
government which would take charge of the general business of the insurrection
 Don Emilio Aguinaldo - elected president
 Don Mariano Trias- vice-president
 Bonifacio - elected as director of the department of the interior, but, affronted
when some of those present opposed his appointment because he was not
educationally qualified, he walked out of the meeting, declaring that, as head of
the Katipunan, he did not recognize the validity of the decisions, reached.
12th March 1897
25th March 1897  Spaniards were captured and after 3 days a battle was ensured
 Aguinaldo called a meeting
 President: Emilio Aguinaldo
 Vice President: Mariano Trias
 Director of Interior: Pascual Alvarez
 Director of State: Jacinto Lumbreras
 Director of Finance: Baldomero Aguinaldo
 Director of Welfare: Mariano Alvarez
After Holy Week of  Director of Justice: Severino De las Alas
1897  Director of War: Emiliano Reigo De Dios
 Captain General: Artemio Ricarcte
 With this event, Bonifacio decided to leave Cavite

Almario criticized Agoncillo because:

 Agoncillo called Andes Bonifacio Plebeian hero or Folkloric
 Agoncillo believe that the Malolos Republic in 1898 was the result of the Philippine Revolution
 Agoncillo called Andres Bonifacio not a poet and describing Bonifacio’s poem a “Mediocre Piece”