PINOY YOUTH’S PERCEPTION TOWARDS ORIGINAL FILIPINO MUSIC

(0PM)

A Minute Research
Presented to the Faculty of the
Philtech Institute of Arts and Technology
Lucena City

In Partial Fulfilment
of the Requirements for the Subject
Research 103

RALF ANTHONY EUDEN

JOPHET LIMBO
KIM TAOPO
RUSSEL VERANO
EFREN NALDO

February 2020
 TABLE OF CONTENTS

Page
Title Page 1
Table of Contents

Introduction
Background of the Study
Objectives
Literature Review
Conceptual Framework
Research Paradigm
Hypothesis/ Assumption (if applicable)
Significance of the Study
Scope and Delimitations of the Study
Definition of Terms

Methodology
Research Design
Population and Sampling
Materials and Procedure
Data Analysis

Results and Discussion

Presentation of Data

Conclusions and Recommendations

Conclusion
Recommendations

Bibliography
Appendices

2
 INTRODUCTION

Background of the Study

In the last few years OPM is very important to the Filipino because it represents and

symbolize that the Philippines is the one of the creative countries in the world. Nowadays OPM

Music is an ordinary song in many Filipino but they want to be proud because of its original

music. It is one of the reasons why it may choose it because they want to show the beauty of

OPM and they want to love the OPM music. And other reason why the researcher chooses this

topic to showcase in to many teenagers and Filipino that the OPM music is better than much

music that trends than the years, music is culture so it wants to be proud. The history of Original

Pinoy Music is a culture evolves through time. As the culture of the Filipino grows large Original

Pinoy Music came with different genres from generations to generation that comes with different

legendary Filipino music icons. The effects of Philippine music in Filipino audiophiles can be

considered as a huge contribution of the Filipino culture. There are many factors that influence

culture and their factors influence the living, the lifestyle of people. It affects the Filipino music

listener or the Filipino audiophiles. Before the newly evolved Filipino music, which is the

Original Pinoy Music, made a rise, there are certain cultures and tradition that influenced the

Filipino standard in music, for every period of time that passed OPM envolving. From just a little

music changed into a well-developed standard. And they want to developed and patronize again

the Original Pinoy Music in the Philippines and in the other country. They need to show what is

the importance and meaning of the OPM music to all Filipino as the environment progress to

grow OPM and to the develop patriotism to the community

3
 Music is a form of art and an activity that involves culture whose primary medium is

sound. The common elements of music pitch, rhythm, dynamics, and the sonic qualities of timbre

and texture. Pitch governs melody and harmony. The Rhythm is associated concepts tempo,

meter, and articulation. Dynamics is the loudness and softness of a sound. The sonic qualities of

timbre and texture are sometimes termed the “color” of a musical sound. Difference style or types

of music may emphasize, de-emphasize or omit some of these elements. Music is performed with

the vast range of instruments and with vocal techniques ranging from singing to rapping, and

there are solely instrumental accompaniment and pieces that combine singing and instruments.

Music in the Philippines is an art that embodies the Filipino Culture. Music in the Philippines

comes in a many different form, layering a wide range of sources, based on history and based on

geography, and representing more than 100 ethilinguistic groups as well as different social and

culture environments in the Philippines

Objectives

The main objective of this study is to determine the perception of Pinoy Youth’s

toward Original Pilipino Music (OPM).

Specifically, the study sought to:

 Determine the importance of OPM to the Filipino.

 Determine the influence of OPM to the Filipino.

 Determine if OPM is still alive until now.

4
 Literature Review

The new generation today has been exposed already to the different kinds and genres

of music. From time to time music has been improved and made more entertaining than

before. This has evolved from the native type of music to the modern kind of music in

which most of the teenagers at present seems to like and appreciate. Most of the music

nowadays are already been mixed up. Some music is from other countries that become

popular and known to other neigh boring countries and is still getting much popularity

worldwide.

Mayol (1990) stated that “music has existed from time immemorial: archaeologists

have unearthed traces of music in the most ancient society, ethnomusicologists have

found it in even the most primitive tribal culture and scientists have claimed it present in

space. Yet, no one has been able to established precisely when, where, why or how music

originated.

Mayol (1990) also claimed that there are recent theories proposing that in all cultures,

music originated in a similar manner which was from a universal source (monogenesis)

(p.3). Ordinary people became uninterested with its beginning that for them it is a

nonsense and worthless. But as time pass by, its implication and origin have brought

sensation to their lives. And so, this made them vary their preferences towards the

different kinds of music leading to other individuals conducting research and other

related studies regarding with these behavior and choices.

At present, there are already many types of music known to be famous. One of which

is the popular music. Popular music pertains to a kind of music that is produced for a

5
 broader audience. This includes jazz, rock, rap music and many more. Popular music has

three of the most important elements and these are language, beat and tune. This popular

music originated in America in the year 1850-1950 (Yudkin,1996).

In addition, popular music is typically vocal where everybody can sing more or less, and

it has no formal training because it is intended to appeal to the widest possible audience.

Until now, this particular music is still being acknowledged and appreciated worldwide

including Philippines as well as other European countries. (Yudkin,1996).

Regarding this popular music, Korean Pop or known as K-Pop is one of today’s hits

and famous music worldwide. Korean pop music is the well kind of music in the country

of South Korea today. K-pop music is just similar to western music. The only difference

is their lyrics which are in the form of Korean. Hallyu is the word that means Korean

wave. Part of the Korean wave is their overwhelming success not just in music but as

well as in South Korean dramas and movies. The term Korean pop music does not only

pertains to music but with accompaniment of movement that makes South Korea popular

in Asia and neighboring countries from 1990’s until present (Villano,2010).

According to Hicap (2010), the making of Korean pop music also involves attractive

young stars and their unique moves in dancing accompanied with how they dress up. One

of the newest and most famous is Rain, the male singer who became artist after his

shooting in the Korean Drama Full House with the actress Song Hye Kyo. BoA is one of

Korea’s top female singers who has topped the charts in Korea, then Japan and released

an album in US. BoA worked in partnership with western artists and was cited as an

influential artist in the 2004 MTV Asia awards.

6
 Others are bands and groups which are today’s most known. One of them is the

female group 2nel having a member who became famous in the Philippines before she

reached her fame in Korea. Her name is Sandara Park. The next known group is the

Wonder Girls, also a female group who was famous for their popular hit “Nobody” which

was loved by many Filipinos. Other group includes SS501, a male group that become

famous after the inclusion of some of their songs in the soundtrack of the popular Boys

Over Flowers and having their member Kim Hyun Jung. Todays’ known female group,

the Girls Generation who were trained in various aspects of the performing arts, has its

own TV Series and they endorse products in Korea. There are still many known groups

and artists that contributed to the success of the Korean Pop Music such as the Super

Junior and Shinee group. These bands and groups made Korean Pop music be known

(Hicap,2010).

Younger Korean musicians have already gained reputation, much popularity and

appreciation as top performers in both concert and entertainment fields. In relation to this,

youth around Asia especially Filipino youths have been affected by the outstanding effect

not just to the K-pop music but also to other music from other countries (Kim,1985).

A study by Fritzie Joy J. Dungog (1997) distinguishes the influence of Pinoy

alternative music to the attitude of students towards local government officials. Dungog

used a three part questionnaire that asked questions pertaining to personal data, exposure

questions and an attitudinal test. The questionnaire was distributed to 284 respondents.

7
 Based on the questionnaires she gave to the 284 respondents, the researcher found

out that the respondents showed a high level of exposure to Pinoy Alternative Music and

that the majority of respondents exhibited a positive approach towards their city

government officials. The study also revealed that “there were no significant relationship

between the attitudes of respondents toward their city local government officials and the

frequency exposure to Pinoy Alternative Music”(Dungog, (1997)).

Dino Arnaldo A. Karganilla (1994) determines the effect of exposure to foreign

music in FM stations on the perception of high school students towards Filipino music.

The study covered a sample size of 111 fourth year U.P. College High School attendees

through a two-page questionnaire which were given to those 111 respondents. The

instrument that Karganilla used in his study was a two paged questionnaire composed of

three sections with an additional information part.

The researcher discovered that the respondents had a low level of exposure to

foreign music and that the respondents had a favorable insight towards Original

Pilipino Muisc (OPM). There was no connection between the respondents’ sexual

category and rank of exposure that could influence their view towards Original Pinoy

Music (OPM) and in turn, the exposure to foreign local FM stations did not bear a

negative impact of the respondents toward Original Pilipino Music (OPM).

8
 A supplementary research study by Jessica Servande Losorata (2008) verifies

whether Cebu local rock music airplay on Monster Radio BT 105.9 has either a

positive or a negative impact on selected rock bands that have played for Harakiri

Mosh Production. “A Focused Group Discussion (FGD) with selected rock bands that

have played for Harakiri Mosh Production was the main method in gathering the data.

A separate Focused Group Discussion (FGD) with Monster Radio BT 105.9 listeners

and online interviews with the station’s manager and a representative of Harakiri

Mosh Production were also conducted to gather additional information” (Losorata,

(2008)).

The researcher found out that the respondents were not devoted clients of radio.

They had a low level of exposure to radio but their consciousness of its Cebu local

rock music airplay was positive. The results of the study was been supported after the

researcher interviewed Paolo Valera, known as Paolo Walker, the station manager of

Monster Radio BT 105.9 together with Shanette G. Mancao, one of the founder of

Harakiri Mosh Production. For the respondents, the interviews and interactions were

done through internet because of the interviewees schedule and activities.

Another study by R.S. Holganza (1987) was all about the relationship between

the exposure to foreign music in FM stations and the attitude of fourth year high

school University of San Jose-Recoletos (USJ-R) students towards Original Pilipino

Music (OPM). This particular research was conducted to determine if there is a

9
 connection between the exposure to foreign music in local FM stations and the

attitude of fourth year USJ-R students toward OPM. The research was conducted

inside the University of San Jose-Recoletos (USJ-R) High School campus using 100

fourth year male and female respondents from the different economic levels. The

respondents exposure to foreign music was determined by the number of hours spent

listening to FM stations while the respondents attitude was measured by four OPM-

related statements. The respondents in this specific study belonged to the same age

level which was 16 to 17 with same educational attainment (fourth year high school).

The researcher found out that the respondents were exposed to local FM stations

whose programming was more on foreign music but the playing of foreign songs in

FM stations seems not to decrease or slow down the popularity of the Original

Pilipino Music (OPM). The amount of exposure to FM stations influenced the

respondents’ liking of Filipino songs and the respondents over-all choice of song as

verified by the results of the chi-square test was the Original Pilipino Music (OPM).

The above mentioned cases and studies have shown that there is an effect or

impact regarding the preference of Pinoy teenagers toward music. And the above

researches would aid the current researchers to accomplish their study about the

Pinoy Youth’s Preference for Korean Pop Music and how does it affect their taste for

Original Pilipino Music (OPM). This would serve as guiding principles in this latest

study.

10
 Conceptual Framework

Butler (2006) defines music as “an art of arranging across time”. Music is part of

almost every culture on Earth but it varies widely among cultures in means and structure.

Music is a language of human figure of communication with well-developed rules of

structure much like a form of sentence structure. An individual through music would be

making interpretations based upon speech patterns like loud or soft rapid and bitten off,

slow or smooth.

According to Greeks (20th century), the beginning of music can be solved by

thought where ancient people make up chants of religion, war, love and death through

direct organization of words with the combination of body movements. Greek

philosophers assumed that listening to music based on certain modes in use at that time

was beneficial to the enhancement of the young person’s character. With music, an

individual can develop one’s potential and positive outlooks in life (Butler (2006).

Music is “a mode of thought, a way of thinking in tones”. In addition, the musical

mode of thought is a complex means of “expressing a thought for the suggestion of ideas

of beauty and emotions” (Ferguson, 1959). With the help of rhythm, the message in

music is delivered conveniently for rhythm contains everything that pertains to the

forward movement of music in time. Rhythm is the pattern of beats in a piece of music.

11
 Research Paradigm

INPUT OUTPUT
 Importance
of OPM
Pinoy Youth’s
 Influence of
Perception towards
OPM
OPM

Figure 1: Paradigm of the Study

Significance of the Study

In terms of Socio-Economics it contributes a very big role in Philippines

because it represents our tradition, culture and society.

In terms of Technological it helps to develop the talent in creating own music

beat and new sounds that will represents our own in the music industry.

In terms of Community it helps to aware the importance of music in our life.

In terms of Student of School/Institution it contributes to the student to know

and show their own talent in singing and creativeness.

In terms of Researcher it will contribute to the music industry for youth’s to

patronize our very own music.

12
 Scope and Delimitation

The study is descriptive in nature and focused on pinoy youth’s perception

toward Original Pilipino Music (OPM). The research sample is composed of fifteen

(15) students of Philtech Institute of Arts and Technology (PIAT). The primary data

gathering method used was through survey questionnaire to determine the student’s

perspectives based on their experiences. This research used purposive and

convenience sampling in which an equal representation for gender and grade level

among the respondents was applied. The gathered data were analyzed using

frequency distribution and coding.

Definition of Terms

OPM - now more commonly termed original Pinoy music or OPM, originally

referred only to Philippine pop songs, particularly ballads, such as those

popular after the collapse of its predecessor, the Manila sound of the late

1970s.

Music of the Philippines - (Filipino: Musika ng Pilipinas; Spanish: Música de

Filipinas) include musical performance arts in the Philippines or

by Filipinos composed in various genres and styles. The compositions are

often a mixture of different Asian, Spanish, Latin American, American, and

indigenous influences.

Original - created directly and personally by a particular artist; not a copy or

imitation.

13
 Music Industry - consists of the companies and individuals that earn money

by creating new songs and pieces and selling live concerts and shows, audio

and video recordings, compositions and sheet music, and the organizations

and associations that aid and represent music creators.

Music Genre - is a conventional category that identifies some pieces of music as

belonging to a shared tradition or set of conventions.( Electronic Dance,

Rock. Jazz, Dubstep, Rhythm & Blues, Techno, Country Music, Electro,

Indie, Pop, Rnb Music.)

14
 METHODOLOGY

Research Design

The researcher used normative surveys this is systematically form or document

with a set of question deliberately designed to elicit responses from the respondents as

primary tools to gathered information from the respondents about their perception based

on the items from self – report measures were administered of the Philtech Institution of

Arts and Technology students.

Population and Sampling

The population of the study is about Fifteen (15) students of Philtech Institute of

Arts and Technology (Male and Female).

A sample of fifteen (15) were randomly selected for this study while a simple

random selection of schools were used for this study.

Material and Procedure

The Students’ Perception Assessment Scale (SPTAS) which was a structured

Likert Scale type questionnaire comprising of 10 items closed ended questions was used

for students’ self-rating exercise.

15
 Data Gathering

The researcher had made a survey first about the total population of her respondent.

The researcher with the help of the adviser wrote a letter of permission to the

principal/head of s elected schools in Pagbilao, Quezon, asking for assistance and permission

in conducting the data gathering activity. After the approval of the letter, the researcher

prepared the necessary materials in gathering data in the study. The researcher talked to the

Principal/Head of the school and asked their permission in conducting the study in their

school.

In administering of the instruments, the respondents were given enough time to

answer the questionnaire.

Statistical Treatment

The response will be tabulated and interpreted. In getting the mean, summation of the

frequency of the score was multiplied by the scale divided by the total number of the

respondents.

The formula for mean is as follows:

Where: f= frequency

x= scale

N= no.of respondents

16
 Where the following formula was used:

Where: P= percentage

F=frequency

N= no. of respondents

17
 RESULTS AND DISCUSSION

Part 1. (Answers Objective 1)

Table 1
Sample table for profile (Bold, Small letters)

Items Frequency Percentage

Item 1
Item 2 no lines inside the table
Item 3

Interpret and discuss.

Part 2. (Answers Objective 2)

Table 2
Sample Table for weighted mean (Bold, Small letters)

Statements Weighted mean Interpretation Rank

Statement 1
Statement 2 no lines
Statement 3
Statement 4
Average

Interpret and discuss

Part 3. (Answers Objective 3 for comparison or correlation)

Table 3
Sample Table for correlation/comparison (Bold, Small letters)

Variables r-value/ t-value p-value significance

Interpret and discuss

18
 CONCLUSIONS AND RECOMMENDATIONS

Conclusions

Based on the findings of this study, it is concluded that OPM is not dead but it barely

alive. Philippines as a whole could not control other music industry in the world to

flourish. Filipino artist barely manages to compete with the other countries in terms of

grabbing the hearts of the listeners through their musical pieces Some may say that they

should give up because their unique local music is dying. However, most of the renowned

artists believe that there is still a solution. Filipinos just need to push and promote the true

power of unique local music. They just need to open their ears and minds widely to know

clearly that OPM is healthier and more innovative than ever. This research will bring

back the readers back to the 1970s where the true modern Philippine music started. It is

the year when the Filipinos as well as the people from the other countries feel the

presence of the real soul the Filipino’s humble music has.

Recommendations

1.) The music industry should offer free concerts for Filipinos so that they can

promote the country’s local music. Also, the tickets are free so a lot of people

will come for sure.

19
 2.) The industry should organize more song-writing contests! This will

encourage Filipinos in writing more OPM songs. There will be big prizes so

people would be really interested.

3.) Simply buying the original albums of the Filipino artists can promote the

country’s music. Fake albums and illegal copies are discouraged.

4.) Books about OPM should be released! There are few books about this topic

so might as well make new books.

5.) Since media is present, OPM can be promoted through advertisements in

radios, televisions, and the interne

20
 BIBLIOGRAPHY

Chamberlin, J. (2008, May). Enhancing work well-being: health psychologists convene to

share their research stress, work and health. Monitor on Psychology, 4(8), pp.35-40

Cleve, K., & Russell, M. (2005). A nation at a glance: America in the twentieth

century. New York: Glenhaven

21