CONTEMPORARY

PERFORMING ARTS
CONTEMPORARY PERFROMING ARTS
 KUNDIMAN AND HARANA
 CHAMBER MUSIC

 CHORAL MUSIC

 LITURGICAL MUSIC

 OPERA

 AEROBIC DANCE

 ABSURD

 BRECHTIAN THEATER

 DRAMATIC MONOLOGUE

 TULA-DULA
CONTEMPORARY PERFORMING ARTS

MUSIC
DANCE
THEATER
 MUSIC
 Filipinos love to sing. No celebration is complete
without a karaoke or videoke machine. Contemporary
Music in the Philippines is a product of our indigenous
traditions and the colonial influences. The singing styles
differ from one ethnic group to another. Though many
types and examples of indigenous music have been lost,
there are still a number of local music that exist due to
the preservation efforts of many artists and of the
government.
 Musical entertainment were also enjoyed during the
various stage plays, dances and operas.
MUSIC
KUNDIMAN AND HARANA
BALLAD
CHAMBER MUSIC
LITURGICAL MUSIC
OPERA
POP MUSIC
PROTEST SONG
 KUNDIMAN AND HARANA
 Kundiman is an art song that signifies love and
affection for someone. The kundiman, like many art
songs, is performed as a solo vocal composition
combined with an instrumental accompaniment to
achieve musical harmony.
 The kundiman is described as highly emotional and
sentimental because it expresses personal sorrow. It can
be about love or patriotism. Many kundiman music were
often used for traditional Filipino courtship.
Examples: Nasaan Ka Irog? – Nicanor S. Abelardo (1893-
1934); Pakiusap – Dr. Francisco Santiago (1889-1947)
 KUNDIMAN AND HARANA
 The harana is a traditional courtship ritual in the
Philippines wherein a suitor serenades his object of
affection. Almost any love song can be sung during
the harana, including kundiman songs. Traditional
harana also use deep Tagalog words and is used to
implore the girl to listen or give attention such as
“Dungawin Mo, Hirang” and “O, Ilaw.”
 The harana is almost always performed by a man while
the kundiman can be performed by both genders.
 BALLAD
 The ballad is traditionally a song that narrates an event in a
community. There are many examples of traditional ballads
throughout the Philippines. The style varies from region to
region and from one ethnic tribe to another. Some
examples are the Idangdang of Bukidnon, Iiyangkit
Parang Sabil of the Tausug, and Composo of the
Hiligaynon. The popular example of a tradional ballad
would be Yoyoy Villame’s (1932-2007) “Magellan.”
 It must be mentioned that in modern times, the term balld
has been applied to describe love songs, and a balladeer is
an artist whose set of songs are primarily romantic songs.
 BALLAD
Notable Filipino contemporary ballad
composers are Ernani Cuenco (1936-
1988) and Jose Mari Chan (b.1945).
Some of the most popular and successful
Filipino contemporary balladeers include
Regine Velasquez-Alcasid (b.1970), Sarah
Geronimo (b.1988), Jed Madela (b.1977)
and many more.
 CHAMBER MUSIC
 Chamber music is a form of instrumental music
composed by a small ensemble wherein each part is
played by one player, as opposed to an orchestra where
a part is performed by a group of musicians. Chamber
music is usually performed by a group of three to eight
musicians.
 Chamber music in the country were pioneered by Dr.
Francisco Santiago and Nicanor S. Abelardo, who
received training abroad, and later on shared with the
younger generation of composers.
 CHAMBER MUSIC
More contemporary chamber music
examples include Arlene Chongson’s
Luduyan I and II and Conrado del
Rosario’s Yugto for chamber ensemble.
Some popular chamber music groups in
the Philippines include the Clarion
Chamber Ensemble and the String
Minstrels.
 CHORAL MUSIC
 Choral music is musical composition intended to be
performed by a group of singers called a choir. The
choir arranged according to voice categories such as
soprano, alto, tenor and bass. The early choirs in the
Philippines performed in churches, singing religious
hymns during the mass. This is still practiced to day
with many churches and religious groups having their
own choir composed of talented volunteers. Schools
also have their own choral groups that perform here
and abroad.
 CHORAL MUSIC
 Perhaps the most well-known school choir is the choral
group of the University of the Philippines, The Philippine
Madrigal Singers or the “Madz.” The “Madz” is one of
the most awarded choral groups in the Philippines and in
the whole world. They have been taught and trained by
some of the country’s best musical composers and arrngers
such as Eudenice Palaruan (1968), Robert Delgado and
Fidel Calalang.
 Some other well-known and internationally recognized
choral groups in the Philippines include the Samiweng
Singers of Laoag, Ilocos Norte, the University of Visayas
Chorale and the Zamboanga Hermosa Chorale.
 LITURGICAL MUSIC
 Liturgical music are songs intended for Christian church
services. Its early form was inspired by Jewist chants
during their religious rituals.
 Many musicians have adapted liturgical music to reflect
contemporary musical styles and forms.
 Some of these artists include National Artist Francisco
F. Feliciano (1941-2014) as seen in his work Mass of
Saint Andrew (B.1981), Ryan Cayabyab (b. 1954) with
his work Misa, and the praise and gospel songs of Gary
Valenciano (b. 1964).
 OPERA
 Opera is a combination of both music and theater. It is
a sung drama that entails collaborative efforts of
singers, dancers, composers, choreographers, etc. One
type of song found in an opera is the aria which is a
song sung in solo that portrays the character’s
emotional state.
 Notable Filipino opera singers include Jovita Fuentes
(1895-1978), the first Filipina to be recognized as a
National Artist for Music and the female soprano
Rachelle Gerodias.
 OPERA
 The opera was introduced in the Philippines in the
middle of the 1800s. Many Filipino musicians
have adapted the form to reflect more
contemporary Filipino experiences and tastes.
Examples of which are Felipe Padilla’s (1912-
1992) Noli Me Tangere, the first full-length
Filipino opera and Reynaldo T. Paguio (1935-
1999) and Fides Asensio’s (b. 1931) Mayo
Bisperas ng Liwanag which was based on a short
story by Nick Joaquin.
 POP MUSIC
 Popular music or pop music is used to describe music that is
readily available to the broad populace. It is an umbrella term
that encompasses a multitude of different genres of music
such as RnB, Rap, Rock, Hip-Hop, Dance, etc.
 Many of the popular music played in the Philippines are
Western imports that become a strong influence to many
contemporary singers and artists.
 Early examples of Filipino pop were Fred Panopio’s (1939-
2010) “O! Ang Mga Babae” and Yoyoy Villame’s (1932-
2007) “Mag-exercuse Tayo Tuwing Umaga.”
 POP MUSIC
 Pinoy pop or Filipino pop music came about when
Filipino musicians wanted to create music that they
can call their own. These composers and musicians
focused on the youth for support and gave birth to
early Pinoy rock. A product of this genres was “Ang
Himig Natin” by the Juan dela Cruz Band. This song
inspired other Pinoy rock artists such as Sampaguita
and Mike Hanopol.
 The musical group called Hotdog similarly combined
western pop with Filipino lyrics and created what was
then known as Manila Sound.
 POP MUSIC
 These songs were light and carefree, using words and
lyrics that combined Tagalog and English; These songs
were quickly accepted by the youth of the time. Songs that
fall into this category include “Ikaw ang Miss Universe ng
Buhay Ko” by Hotdog and Apo Hiking Society’s
“Mahirap magmahal ng Syota ng Iba.”
 Pinoy folk music is a genre of Pinoy pop that is heavily
influenced by the musical style of Western folk singers
such as Bob Dylan, Peter Paul and Mary, among others.
Well-known Pinoy folk musicians include freddie Aguilar,
Noel Cabangon, Grace Nono and Gary Granada.
 POP MUSIC
 Like their Western counterparts, these songs are often
accompanied by classical and acoustic guitars and their
message are often commentaries about society. Some
artists of folk music such as Joey Ayala and Bayang
Barrios have incorporated ethnic instruments and styles
from the different ethnic groups combining the
traditional with sounds
 Rap is a music genre that became popular in the late
1980s in the Philippines. It originated from the African-
Americans and is distinctive of its fast and rhythmic
narration accompanied by electronic music.
 POP MUSIC
 The pioneers of Pinoy rap were Francis Magalona
(1964-2009) and his song “Mga Kababayan Ko.” and
andrew E. (b. 1967) with his song “Humanap Ka ng
Pangit.”
 Closely related with rap is hip-hop. This music genre
incorporates not only rap but also includes RnB,
beatboxing and electronic and turntables as
accompaniments. Many contemporary Filipino rap
artists identify themselves as both hip-hop and rap
artists.
 POP MUSIC
 Contemporary rap artists include Gloc-9
(b.1977), Abra (b.1991) and Filipino-American
Apl.de.ap (b.1974) among many others. Pinoy
pop music continues to struggle against foreign
songs for airplay, whether it is from the West or
from other Asian countries like Korea and
Japan. But Filipino musicians have not given
up; they continue to write music, adapting to
the evr-changing taste of the public.
 PROTEST SONGS
 Protestsongs are songs that bring to light injustices and
inequality in society. These seek to inspire nationalism
and heroism from their listeners. These can come in
many musical forms and genre such as kundiman as seen
in “Bayan Ko” (1928). “Bayan Ko” is one of the most
popular and recognizable example of a protest song. It
was a collaboration between Jose Corazon de Jesus
(1896-1932) who wrote the lyrics that was set to music
by Constancio de Guzman (1903-1982).
 PROTEST SONGS
 The song “Bayan Ko” was first used as a call of
independence from the Americas and later on
from the Japanese. It was also a popular song
used in rallies and marches during the Marcos
Era.
 Some protest songs tackle environmental issue
such as the band Asian’s protest pop song
“Masdan ang Kapaligiran” (1978) and Gloc-9’s
rap song “Na-iisang Mundo” (2005).
 DANCE
 Dancing, much like music, is very popular in the
Philippines. It is a way to bond and share our talents with
the rest of the community. This can be seen on how we
can easily join in the latest dance craze and post it online.
 The types and forms of dances expressed in the Philippines
is quite diverse. With the arrival of colonizers, the dancing
traditions and forms changed.
 The American occupation introduced many dance forms
from the West and its colonies. This is the beginning of
contemporary dance in the country.
 DANCE
 During the early twentieth century European classical ballet
was introduced to the Filipino audiences as many foreign
dance troupes performed in Manila. Some of these
professionally trained classical ballet dancers extended their
stay in the country and taught the Filipinos ballet. These
pioneering Filipino ballet dancers became the first
generation of Filipino ballet dancers, teachers and
choreographers.
 This tradition of passing of skills and knowledge is the basis
of the continuing development of Philippine contemporary
dance.
DANCE
AEROBIC DANCE
BALLET
FOLK DANCE
STREET DANCE
 AEROBIC DANCE
 Aerobic is a dance routine made into an exercise
program. It is usually accompanied by upbeat pop
music. Formal aerobic dance class has three phases;
the first is the warm-up, followed by aerobic dance,
and capped with cool down exercises. Over the years,
there have been many variations of aerobic dancing,
usually dictated by the type of music used. Example
of which are jazzercise, aero hip-hop, ballroom
dancing, belly dancing and more recently the Brazilian
–developed Zumba.
 BALLET
 Ballet is both dancing and theater art. It is a
style and dance technique that follows strict set
of moves and performance. It originated from
European court spectacles and was later
brought to Philippines by the Americans.
 There are different contemporary reiterations of
ballet form’ namely; Modern Ballet, Opera
Ballet and Folkloric Ballet.
MODERN BALLET
 The modern ballet uses traditional ballet techniques
and style set to contemporary ideas and subjects. It is
a type of modern dance that uses contemporary, and
sometimes experimental attitude toward traditional
dance techniques and style.
 This type of ballet is not limited to the confines of the
stage and can be presented outdoors and in other
unconventional venues. These ballet performances
tackle prevailing themes and accompanied by modern
music.
MODERN BALLET
The pioneer of modern dance in the
Philippines is the founder of Ballet
Philippines, Alice Reyes(b.1942).
Example of modern ballet performances in
the Philippines are Tony Fabella’s (1941-
2009) Limang Dipa that was set in a street
in Manila and Beautiful Girls (1990)
which was about a beauty contest.
OPERA/ROCK BALLET
 Opera Ballet, its more modern version called the Rock
Ballet. This type of ballet combines dance and singing.
 One of the first rock opera ballet in the Philippines was
Mahal (1975), a product of the collaborative efforts of
Abel Labrador, Mon Faustmann, Rahissa Lahat-Wala
and Julie & Rose Borromeo.
 Another was Rama Hari (1988) by Ryan Cayabyab,
Bienvenido Lumbera and Alice Reyes.
FOLKLORIC BALLET
A Folkloric Ballet is a performance that presents
subjects and themes based on the art and culture of
a community. Examples are Agnes by the Davao
born Agnes Locsin (b.1957), Tapestry/Bayanihan
by Alice Reyes and Baile de Aye by Corazon
Generoso-Inigo (b.1930).
 As of the moment, there are three major ballet
companies in the Philippines namely: Ballet
Philippines (1969), Philippine Ballet Theater
(1987) and Ballet Manila (1995).
 FOLK DANCE
 Folk dance is a different dances performed by various
cultural groups throughout the country. It changes
from region to region and is performed by
nonprofessional dancers who are members of the said
community. It is often performed during rituals,
festivals, fiestas and other community celebrations.
 Under the category of folk dances are mimetic dances
which are dance movements that imitate animals like
the Kadal Blelah of the T’boli and the Kinabuwa of
the Mandaya.
 FOLK DANCE
 Mimetic dances also depict movements that copy
communal activities such as planting rice and
harvesting. Examples of this type of mimetic dance
are the Mananagat of Cebu, which imitates the
movements of a fisherman and the Pangasinense’s
Tanobong, which mimic the steps in making a broom.
 These traditional dances have been used by the ethnic
groups to celebrate their identity and are based on their
literature, legends and beliefs.
 FOLK DANCE
 Some examples are the Tinikling of Waray, which is
considered as the Philippines’ National Dance and the
Subli of Batangas. Some folk dances are integral to
festivals such as the Ati-Atihan of Aklan, the Masskara
of Bacolod and Sinulog of Cebu.
 Some professional dance troupes that specialiazed in
showcasing folk dance are the Bayanihan Dance
Company, Darangan Cultural Dance Troupe of
Marawi and the Tambuli Cultural Troupe of Tawi-Tawi.
 STREET DANCE
 Street dance is a term used to describe vernacular
dances or dances that developed organically within the
community. Street dance is a dance form that began in
urban open spaces, such as parks, streets, yards and
night clubs; rather than in formal dance studios.
 Early form of street dance gained popularity during the
late 1970s. These dances were improvisational and
social in its nature. It encouraged interaction with the
audience as well as with other dancers.
 STREET DANCE
 Street dance became more common in the Philippines
in the 1980s coinciding with the popularity of punk
and rap music.
 Popular street dance moves in the Philippines include
hip-hop routines such as b-boying (breakdancing),
popping, locking and roboting.
 Today this dance form is especially popular with the
youth as the songs that are used to accompany street
dance are often the musical hits of the time and is
promulgated through television, music videos and the
internet.
THEATER
 ABSURD

 STAGE SHOW
 BRECHTIAN THEATER

 CHILDREN’S THEATER

 MELODRAMA

 DRAMATIC MONOLOGUE

 TULA-DULA

 POLITICAL THEATER

 MUSICAL THEATER

 REALISM
 THEATER
 Many say that theater is the ultimate art since it is a
collaborative art form that combines the various
disciplines of art such as literature, visual arts,
music and dance.
 As a nation we are known to produce world class
theater artists ang playwrights like Lea Salonga,
Audie Gemora, Tony Perez and Rene Villanueva.
This art form is part of our cultural heritage from
the precolonial time up to the present.
 THEATER
 The development of contemporary theater arts in the
country parallels that of the other performing arts. And
like the previous art forms discussed, these influences
have been adapted to suit and reflect the current state of
the Filipino psyche, resulting in a theater that we can
call our own.
 Theater as we know today came during the Spanish
colonization. It was used in tandem with the other
disciplines of art to spread Christianity. These religious
plays are often retelling of the stories of the different
event, figures and personalities in the Bible.
 THEATER
 In the 1880s the sarswelas were a popular form of
entertainment for the Filipinos that showcased love
stories of the upper class peppered with comedic
situations. Also around this time, the drama was
introduced to the Filipinos. This theater form tells
stories about the struggles of everyday life. The
sarswela and the drama were important to the
development of Philippine theater since they depicted a
more realistic view of the lives of the Filipino.
 THEATER
 Eventually the Filipinos became more confortable and
confident in theater; artists began experimenting and
exploring the possibilities of a more relatable and
Filipinized theater forms. This soon resulted with the
adaption of western stage plays in the vernacular with
greater consideration to present the realities of Filipino
life, which finally evolved in the creation of truly
original Filipino plays.
 ABSURD
 The Absurd is a genre of modern play that
deliberately the events and situations to
emphasize a point. The characters are often made
stereotypes. This theatrical form originated from
the West.
 The Theater of the Absurd was first performed in
the Philippines by the students of Ateneo de
Manila in 1967 with the play Ang Paghihintay
Kay Godot that was translated from the absurd
play Waiting for Godot by Samuel Beckett.
ABSURD
 Other absurd plays were soon presented by the
Philippine Educational Theater Association
(PETA) and eventually followed by other
theater companies.
 Other examples of the theater of the absurd
include Paul Dumol’s Ang Paglilitis ni Mang
Serapio, first staged in 1968 and Isagani R.
Cruz’s Kasal, first performed in 1980.
STAGE SHOW
 The stage show or bodabil is a theatrical
presentation of various acts and performances.
These performances may be a production of the
following: comedy skits, circus acts, musical and
dance numbers, acrobatics, magic shows and the
like.
 Contemporary forms of the stage show can be
seen during fiestas and in television variety
shows.
BRECHTIAN THEATER
 The Brechtian theater is an example of a modern
theatrical show. It is also referred to as Epic theater. It
is based on Bertolt Brecht’s (1898-1956) proposition
that the audience should not emotionally identify with
the characters or action on stage but instead stimulate
self-reflection and critical analysis of the events
unfolding in the play. It is hoped that after watching the
play the audience would recognize the injustice
presented and awaken change in the society.
BRECHTIAN THEATER
 The first Brechtian-inspired play in the Philippines was
mounted by Repertory Philippines in 1968 with the play
Mother Courage and Her Children. This was later followed
by PETA with the play The Good Woman of Setzuan in 1970.
 Filipino versions of the epic theater include Rolando Tinio’s
May Katwiran ang Katwiran (1972), Al Santos’ Mayo A-
biente Uno Atbp. Kabanata (1977).
 Many theatrical plays use facets of the Brechtian theater in
their productions such as Christine Bellen’s Ang Batang Rizal
(2006) and 3 Star and a Sun (2015) written by Mixcaela
Villalon and Rody Vera.
CHILDREN’S THEATER
Children’s theater are plays that are either
performed by children or by adults for
children. In both cases, the primary audience
are children. This type of theater production is
intended to educate, inspire and encourage
creativity and value formation. Plays from this
theater form often use materials that are based
on folktales and legends.
CHILDREN’S THEATER
 Since this type of theater utilizes children as actors
and actresses, many of the children theater
productions are school-based such as the Ateneo
Children’s Theater (ACT) that annually produce
plays since 1931.
 Some theater companies specialize in theater
productions geared for children such as PETA’s
longest running play Mga Kuwento ni Lola Basyang
and Trumpets Playshop that retell children’s fairy
tales.
MELODRAMA
Melodrama is a nonmusical play that is
intended to elicit tears and emotional
attachment to the characters. The main
characters of these melodramas are often
victims of tragedies and suffer cruelty from
the people around them but in the end will
rise triumphantly. These melodramas are
regularly seen on television.
DRAMATIC MONOLOGUE
 The dramatic monologue is a type of play wherein an
individual actor speaks and acts out the character’s
thoughts and emotions. This one-person performance is
often used for the audience to better understand a main
character. Some plays utilize a dramatic monologue for
the entire play.
 Examples of this type of play in the Philippines are Tony
Perez’s Alex Antiporda (1974) and Anton Juan Jr.’s Taong
Grasa (1985), which was first performed by veteran
theater actor Lou Veloso.
TULA-DULA
 Tula-dula or play poem was developed by the University of
the Philipppines in the 1970s. It is minimalist in attack
wherein a poem is dramatized by a narrator who recites the
piece and two or three actors provide the movement and the
sound effects. Many theater companies produce this type of
play since it requires very little in terms of staging and costs.
 The first tula-dula was performed in 1975 by Jose F. Lacaba
and was entitled Ang mga Kagila-gilalas na
Pakikipagsapalaran ni Juan dela Cruz. It is also a very
popular and effective workshop exercise for many theater
companies in the Philippines.
POLITICAL THEATER
 Political theater is a form of theater whose
intention is to transform or improve the current
system of the government. Some political dramas
are direct to the point, while others use
symbolisms and allegory to air their political
views.
 One type of political theater is the seditious play.
Seditious plays often use symbolism and allegory
to deliver their antigovernment sentiments .
 POLITICAL THEATER
 Seditious plays are sometimes called Symbolic
dramas. These plays present a rebellious attitude
toward the people in power or the government.
Since its content and message are sensitive and
seditious, symbolisms are often used to mask its
rebellious tendencies.
 These plays are quite risky since theaters where these
plays were staged were closed, and the performers
and the production members can be arrested and
charged with treason.
POLITICAL THEATER
 These types of plays often appear during times
when democracy in the country is suppressed
like that of American colonization and the
Martial Law Era of Marcos Regime.
 Examples of these plays are Nanding Josef’s Ang
Tao... Hayop o Tao? (1975) and Bonifacio
Ilagan’s Pagsambang Bayan (1984) that feature
mimes and projections of human right abuses
during the Martial Law.
POLITICAL THEATER
 Street theater is another form of political theater. Its
earliest forms were the ethnic and cultural rituals that
were acted on the streets. The more contemporary
versions are the protest play staged in the streets by
activists during rallies, strikes, marches and the like.
These plays may include performances of protest songs,
skits and dramatization.
 Contemporary examples of political theater include Siak
sa Duha ka Damgo (Crack in Two Dreams) staged in
1992 by the Kaliwat Theater Collective, a theater group
based in Davao.
POLITICAL THEATER
 It is a combination of stories of the unpriviledged
looking for land, the natives (Lumad) driven away from
their land looking for a source of income and the
capitalist looking for gold.
 Another is Ricardo Lee’s DH or Domestic Helper (1993)
that tackles how poverty and lack of employment
opportunities force Filipinos to look for work abroad as
domestic helpers.
 It is interesting to note that although these plays were
first staged more than twenty years ago, the issues that
are presented are still relevant today.
MUSICAL THEATER
 Musical theater are plays wherein music is an essential
part of the production. This includes traditional Filipino
theater such as the sarswela and ritualistic dramas.
 With the love of Filipinos for music, it is not surprising
that it is one of the most popular forms of theater.
 This is seen with the majority of theater companies
producing musicals such as the Aegis-inspired PETA
play Rak of Aegis and the repertoire of Francis
Magalona songs used in 3 Stars and a Sun.
MUSICAL THEATER
The affinity of Filipinos for
musicals are also seen with a
number of broadway musicals that
are staging sold-out shows such as
Les Miserables, Phantom of the
Opera and Wicked to name a few.
REALISM
 Realism is a type of drama that provides an accurate
depiction of real-life situations. This is achieved
through well-developed and authentic portrayal of
characters as well as realistic plot, dialogue and
staging.
 This type of modern theater first came to the
Philippines after World War II. One of the early
example of realism in the Philippines is Tennessee
William’s The Glass Menagerie that is translated and
directed by Rolando Tinio in 1966.
REALISM
 There are two types of realism theater, namely,
Psychological and Social Realism. Psychological
realism pertains to plays that focus on the individual
character’s problems and situations. An example of
such is Elsa Martinez Coscolluela’s In My Father’s
House (1987), which was about the family’s gradual
breakdown during Japanese occupation.
 Social Realism are plays that set the individual
dilemmas within a larger scheme of society. The play
Francisco Maniago is an example of social realism
written by Paul Dumol in 1987.
 ACTIVITY
MY VERSION OF TULA-DULA

Form a group and perform your

version of Tula-Dula.
REVIEW
 Kundiman is a musical form that is a product of Hispanic
colonization. It is an art song that signifies love and affection to
someone.
 Harana is a traditional courtship ritual in the Philippines wherein
a suitor serenades his object of affection.
 The Ballad is traditionally a song that narrates an event in a
community. In modern times, ballad has been applied to
describe love songs, and a Balladeer is an artist whose set of
songs are primarily romantic songs.
 Chamber music is a form of instrumental music composed by a
small ensemble wherein each part is played by one player as
opposed to an orchestra where a part is performed by a group of
musicians.
REVIEW
 Choral music is a musical composition intended to be
performed by a group of singers, called choir.
 Liturgical music are songs intended for Christian church
services. Its early form was inspired by Jewish chants
during their religious rituals.
 Opera is a combination of both music and theater. It is a
sung drama that entails collaborative efforts of singers,
dancers, composers, choreographers, etc.
 Pop music is used to describe music that is readily available
to the broad populace. It is an umbrella term that
encompasses a multitude of different genre of music, such as
RnB, Rap, Rock, Hip Hop, Dance, etc.
REVIEW
 Pinoy folk music is a genre of Pinoy pop wherein artists
creates songs similar to the Western folk singers such as Bob
Dylan and Peter, Paul and Mary.
 Rap was a music genre of Pinoy pop that became popular in
the Philippines in the late 1980s. It originated from the
African-Americans and is distinctive of its fast and rhythmic
narration accompanied by electronic music.
 Protest songs are songs that bring to light injustices and
inequality in society.
 Aerobics is a dance routine made into an exercise program.
REVIEW
 Ballet is a style and dance technique that follows strict set of
moves and performance. It began from the European court
spectacles and was later brought to Philippines by Americans.
 Folk dances are the different dances performed by various
cultural groups throughout the country. It changes from region to
region and is performed by nonprofessional dancers that are
members of the community.
 The Absurd is a genre of modern play that deliberately
exaggerates the events and situations to emphasize a point.
 Bodabil is a theatrical presentation of various acts and
performances.
REVIEW
 Brechtian theater or the epic theater is a theater form where
audiences are asked not to emotionally identify with the
characters or action on stage but instead stimulate self-reflection
and critical analysis of the events unfolding in the play.
 Children’s theater are plays that are either performed by
children or by adults for children.
 Melodramas are nonmusical plays whose intention was to elicit
tears and emotional attachment to the characters.
 Dramatic monologue is a type of play wherein an individual
actor speaks and acts out his character’s thoughts and emotions.
REVIEW
 Tula-dula or play poem is when a poem is dramatized by a
narrator who recites the piece and two or three actors
providing the movement and the sound effects.
 Political theater is a form of theater whose intention is to
transform or make better the current system of government.
 Musical theater are plays wherein music is an essential part
of the production.
 Realism is a type of drama that provides an accurate
depiction of real-life situations.