ANCIENT TIMES  Served as the sacred place of their chief
god, where only priest were allowed to
Sumerian Civilization
 located on the southernmost tip of ancient
Mesopotamia
 Known for their high degree of cooperation
with one another and their desire for great
things.
Cuneiform
 One of the major contributions is the
development of the first writing system
known as cuneiform
 System that utilizes word pictures and
triangular symbols which are carved on clay
using wedge instruments and then left to
dry
 to keep records of things with great
historical value or their everyday life
Uruk City
 first true city in the world
 It is a great wonder for the way it was
erected
 Able to build the city using only mud or clay
from the river, which they mixed with
reeds, producing sun-baked bricks – a true
engineering feat
 They used bricks to make houses that
protected them from the harsh weather
and to build a wall around the city that
prevented wild animals and neighboring
raiders from entering
The Great Ziggurat of Ur
 Another engineering and architectural feat
of the Sumerians
 Ziggurat, also called the mountain of god
was built in the same manner that they
constructed the City of Uruk
 The structured was constructed using sun-
baked bricks
enter
Irrigation and Dikes
 The Sumerians created dikes and irrigation
canals to bring water to farmlands and at
the same time control the flooding of the
rivers.
 This method was considered as one of the
world’s most beneficial engineering works
 The Sumerians were able to enjoy year-long
farming and harvesting, which increased
their food production
Sailboats
 The main mode of transportation was
through waterways such as rivers and seas.
 Boats were used to carry large quantities of
products and were able to cover large
distances.
 Sailboats were essential in transportation
and trading as well as in fostering culture,
information, and technology
Wheel
 The first wheels were not made for
transportation but for farm work and food
processes
The Plow
 Another farm technology invented by the
Mesopotamians
 Humans evolved to farm cultivators
 The plow was invented to dig the earth in a
faster pace
 With this tool, farmers could cultivate
larger parcels of land faster, enabling them
to mass produce food without taking so
much effort and time
Roads
 In order to facilitate faster and easier way,
the Sumerians developed the first roads.
 The flow of traffic became faster and more
organized
 They made the roads with the same
technology they used in making sun-baked
bricks that they laid down on the ground
 The invention of roads was very useful
especially during the rainy season when
traveling in soft and muddy roads proved
to be too difficult
Babylonian Civilization
 Emerged near the Tigris and Euphrates
Rivers
 The Babylonians were great builders,
engineers, and architects
 Hanging Gardens of Babylon – one of their
major contribution
Hanging Gardens of Babylon
 One of the seven wonders of the ancient
world
 It was said to be a structure made up
layers upon layers of gardens that
contained several species of plants, trees,
and vines.
 According to legends, the great Babylonian
King Nebuchadnezzar II built the gardens
for this wife, Queen Amytis
 The Hanging Gardens may be considered as
one of the greatest engineering and
architectural achievements of the world
that is almost impossible to replicate
Egyptian Civilization
 Located in North Africa
 Aside from engineering technology, the
Egyptian have contributed other practical
things that the world now considers as
essential
Paper or Papyrus
 One of the earlier contributions of
Egyptian civilization
 They were able to make writing easier for
the world
 Before the Egyptian innovation, clay tablets
were used
 Papyrus was a plant that grew abundantly
along the Nile River in Egypt
 It was easy to carry and store
 The sheets were also less breakable
 This invention was a major
accomplishment in Egyptian record-
keeping and communications
Ink
 The Egyptian invented ink by combining
soot with different chemicals to produce
inks of different colors.
 The ink must withstand the elements of
nature since it was used to record history,
culture, and codified laws
 It must also tamper-proof so that people
could not simply tinker with those written
down by authorities
Hieroglyphics
 The Egyptian also developed a system of
writing using symbols
 Egyptian believed that this writing system
was provided to them by their gods
 Hieroglyphics was the language that tells
the modern world of the history and
culture of the ancient Egyptians
 Their records were well-preserved since
they were carved at the walls of pyramids
and other important Egyptian structures
Cosmetics
 Egyptian also invented the use of cosmetics
 Their function in ancient Egypt was for both
the health and aesthetic reasons
 Egyptian wore Kohl around the eyes to
prevent and even cure eye diseases
 Created by mixing soot or malachite with
mineral galena
 Also believed that a person wearing
makeup was protected from evil and that
beauty was a sign of holiness
Wig
 Wigs were worn for health and wellness
rather than for aesthetic purposes
 The wig were used to protect the shaved
heads of the wealthy Egyptians from
harmful rays of the sun
 It was considered cleaner than natural hair
because it prevented the accumulation of
head lice
Water Clock/Clepsydra
 Another important ancient Egyptian
contribution
 This device utilizes gravity that affects the
flow of water from one vessel to the other
 The water clock was widely used as a
timekeeping device during the ancient
times
Greek Civilization
 Greece is an archipelago in the
southeastern part of Europe
 Known as the birthplace of western
philosophy, some of the major
achievements of the Greeks include in-
depth works on philosophy and
mathematics
 The Greek civilization has contributed much
to the world especially in the field of
Science and Technology
Alarm Clock
 To tell an individual when to stop or when
to start
 They made used of water that dropped into
drums which sounded the alarm
 Plato was believed to have utilized an alarm
clock to signal the start of his lecture
 His version used four water vessels line up
vertically
Water Mill
 Used in agricultural processes like milling
of grains which was a necessary form of
food processing during that time
 Watermills were considered better than
mills powered by farm animals because
they required less effort and time to
operate since the farmer did not have to
raise animals
Roman Civilization
 Perceived to be the strongest political and
social entity in the west
 Considered to be cradle of politics and
governance during that period
Newspaper
 The first newspapers, known as gazettes,
contained announcements of the Roman
Empire to the people
 Made before the invention of paper, these
gazettes were engraved in metal and stone
tablets and then publicly displayed
 These documents were edited and
published on the same day that they were
recorded
Bound Books or Codex
 Civilizations became fond of record-
keeping, especially documenting historical
events and newly legislated laws
  Literature also changed form from clay
tablets to parchments of paper
 Julius Caesar started the tradition of
stacking up papyrus to form pages of a book
 They were able to provide covers to protect
the papyrus
 With the papyrus pages bound together
and covered by animal skin, the ancient
Roman Empire was able to produce the
first books or codex
Roman Architecture
 One of the most visual contribution of the
ancient Roman Empire to the world
 Was considered a continuation of Greek
architecture, hence, the resemblance
 Roman architecture was still regarded as
pioneering since the Romans were able to
adapt new building and engineering
technology designs established in the past
 Was fully supported and funded by the
Roman government so they were able to
implement major projects such as large
churches, aqueducts, coliseums,
amphitheaters, and even residential
houses
 These structures are proofs of ancient
Roman technology
Roman Numerals
 Romans devised their own number system
specifically to address the need for a
standard counting method that would
meet their increasing communication and
trade concerns
Chinese Civilization
 Considered to be the oldest civilization in
Asia
 Also known as the middle kingdom
 Located on the far east of Asia
 Famous because of its silk trade
Silk
 Chinese were the ones who developed the
technology to harvest the silk and process
it to produce paper and clothing
 Silk production resulted in the creation of a
product for trade
 It bridged the gap between the western
world and the middle kingdom
Tea Production
 Tea is a beverage produced by pouring hot
or boiling water over crushed or shredded
dried tea leaves
 Tea production was developed when an
unknown Chinese inventor created a
machine that was able to shred tea leaves
into strips
 The Chinese were able to increase their
production of tea and trade with other
nations
 China became known for its tea exports
 Resulted in making tea as one of the most
popular beverages in the world today
Great Wall of China
 Once considered the only man-made
structure that could be seen from outer
space
 Largest and most extensive infrastructure
that the nation build
 Made with stone, brick, wood, earth, and
other materials
 The wall’s construction put the nation
among the powerful civilizations during
the ancient times
 It was the pride of their land and their
crowning glory
Gunpower
  It was developed by Chinese alchemists
who aimed to achieve immortality
 They accidentally created a black powder
that could actually generate large amounts
of heat and gas in an instant
 Gunpower is widely used to propel bullets
from guns and cannons which cause
countless deaths
 Are preferred by raiders who plan to attack
at a distance
 Gunpower also used in fireworks during
important celebrations in China
MEDIEVAL/MIDDLE AGES
 Start of the middle ages was marred by
massive invasions and migrations
 Wars were prevalent during this time
 Great technology was needed in fields of
weaponry, navigation, mass food, and farm
production, and health
 Some of innovative minds came from this
period
Printing Press
 Johann Gutenberg was able to invent the
printing press, a more reliable way of
printing using a cast type
 This general invention soon evolved to be
the mechanical printing press which was
eventually used all over the world
 The printing press was invented to address
the need for publishing books that would
spread information to many people at a
faster rate
 Made works accessible to individuals who
could not even write
Microscope
 Zacharias Janssen was able to develop the
first compound microscope.
 People were able to observe organisms
that were normally unseen by the naked
eye
 Was key in discovering new means in
preventing and curing various illnesses
Telescope
 An optical instrument that helps in the
observation of remote objects, was a great
help for navigators during this time
 The invention of the compass, oars and
rudders made sea traveling easier and safer
War Weapons
 Defensive instruments
 For open-area battles, people developed
cross bows and long bows so that they
could attack the enemies at long ranges
 In close-range hand-to-hand combat,
soldiers should wear something to protect
themselves, a need addressed by the
creation of iron body armors
Modern Times
 The booming world population during the
19th century onwards demanded that more
goods be produced at a faster rate
 Due to massive industrialization, the
modern times again faced more
complicated problems
 Food processing and medicine posed some
of the bigger challenges since health was a
great concern
Pasteurization
 Louis Pasteur, a French biologist, and
chemist, found a way to solve the problem
 He invented pasteurization, the process of
heating dairy products to kill harmful
bacteria that allow them to spoil faster
 It also prevented illnesses caused by
harmful bacteria
  Other contribution of Pasteur to science,
technology, and medicine included his
works on molecular asymmetry,
fermentation, and vaccination
Petroleum Refinery
 Samuel M. Kier was able to invent kerosene
by refining petroleum
 Kerosene was later on referred to as the
“illuminating oil” because it was used at
first to provide lighting to homes
 It was applied for heating purposes
 At present, petroleum is used in powering
automobiles, factories, and power plants
among others.
Telephone
 The more people got connected by trade
and exploration, the more they need a way
to easily maintain these connections and
communicate with each other in real time
 Alexander Graham Bell was one of the
most important inventions at that time
Calculator
 The creation of modern calculator did not
only pave the way for easier arithmetic
calculations, but also resulted in the
development of more complex processing
machines like the computer
 Faster way to compute more complicated
equations
Philippine Invention
COMMUNICATION
CONVERGE ICT
 Converge ICT was founded by Dennis
Anthony H. Uy and he is a Chinese-Filipino
Businessman. This invention was a major
provider in the field of telecommunication
services in the Philippines and also on cable
television.
 This helps the people communicate with
each other through their service with the use
of the internet, because they provide the
fast internet connection that uses a fiber as
a material.
 They provide good service that benefits most
of the people in the Philippines.
WIRELESS COMMUNICATION
 Smart Communications, Inc., commonly
referred to as Smart, is a wholly owned
wireless communications and digital services
subsidiary of PLDT Inc.
 The company has 58.3 million mobile
subscribers on its GSM network as of 2017,
under the brands Smart, Sun, and TNT
 Smart's wireless broadband subscribers
number 3.8 million under the brands Smart
Bro and Sun Wireless Broadband.
 David T. Fernando Co – Founder of Smart
Communications Inc.
VIDEOPHONE
Gregorio Zara (March 8, 1902–October 15, 1978)
was a Filipino scientist best known as the inventor
of the videophone, the first two-way electronic
video communicator, in 1955.
In the 1960s, AT&T began working on a model of a
videophone, called a “picture phone,” aimed at the
public. The company released the videophone at the
1964 New York World’s Fair, but it was seen as
impractical and didn't fare well.
It caught fire as the digital age was beginning in the
late 1990s. The videophone first caught on as a
device that easily enabled distance learning and
video conferencing and also proved helpful for the
hearing impaired. Then came such derivations as
Skype and smartphones, and the videophone
became ubiquitous worldwide.
E-JEEPNEY

TRANSPORTATION
NAME OF INVENTOR: Green Renewable
SALAMANDER AMPHIBIOUS TRICYCLE Independent Power Producers, Inc. in partnership
with Mr. Robert Puckett, President of Solar Electric
NAME OF INVENTOR: Atoy Llave Company in the Philippines
BIRTHDAY: August 19 BIRTHDAY: N/A
DATE OF INVENTION: 2014 DATE OF INVENTION: July 1, 2008

 This amphibious tricycle can seat six people

 The Electric Jeepney (E-Jeepney) is a recent
on land and four in water. development in the Philippines that provides
 It’s powered by a 5KW electric engine or a a sustainable, electric, as a clean form of
250cc gasoline motor. public transportation.
 Can serve as a rescue vehicle in the event of  E-jeepneys don’t create noise.
flooding.  They emit excessive carbon dioxide.
 Can sail through Manila’s flooded streets,  Operating in several parts of Metro Manila
cross rivers and lakes, and can even go and in some provinces.
island-hopping.  A fleet of E-Jeepneys, each with a capacity of
12 passengers.
ClimaMobility: Philippine-Made Electric Sedan
 A depot serves as charging station.
 A power plant consisting of a generator, an
NAME OF INVENTOR: Adonis Lagangan
BIRTHDAY: N/A anaerobic digester or biodigester that
DATE OF INVENTION: 2016 processes organic waste and turns it into a
form of usable energy.
 The car can seat five people.  An E-Jeepney can run for 120 to 140
 With a range of 60-70 kilometers after four kilometers on a single charge at an average
to five hours of charging. speed of 40 kilometers per hour.
 Aside from fuel savings, electric cars do not
require heavy maintenance as they do not
have an exhaust pipe or gear box and do not
rely on oil to keep the components working
smoothly.
 Lagangan stated that the Genius EV’s
intended primary use in the Philippines is for
Local Government Units (LGUs) as patrol cars
or service vehicles.
 It can also be modified and turned into an
enclosed van so corporations can also use it
as a delivery vehicle.