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Name: I

Student #:

[nstructor:DeanLauer|TeachingAssistants:DavidGirard&rcs
23X2015
EXAM TWO: Bioethics
PHT2396 B
Part I
qt5 True or False (U4 mark each)

1. The language used in $e discussion around the goals of medicine demonstrates that there is little
a$eement. { s,
2.The authors of the text use the terminology 'nurs-e' and 'doctor' because these terms connote the
respect these practitioners deserve.-
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The different roles of doctors and nurses are captured in the claim, 'Doctors care and nurses cure'. f, uP
Our capacity to act autonomously can be interfered with externally but not inte*utty.f /

5. The principle of beneficence is the requirement that we ought to ao good$T d

6. ihere are no circumstances in which our autonomy should be limited for our o*n gooas/
7. A weak paternalist is morglikely to give a blood transfusion to a Jehovah's Witness than a strong
paternalist.p_ \"{

8. According to the Supreme Court of Canada, in some cases a mature minor must be allowed the right
to refuse blood transfusions.
1 *d
9. The Tuskegee study looked at the effects of untreated syphilis on black Americans.
T d
10. During the Second World War, Arryrican troops were intentionally exposed to mustard gas by
the American government 13/
T
11. The practice of medical research is based on the assumption that research is essential to
medical progress, and medical progress is in the best interests of the state. T\6 K
t2.

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The Declaration of Helsinki is a more rigid code of conduct than the Nuremberg code.
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w Children are never suitable subjects for medical research. ./

14. Phase 1 clinical trials test the toxicity of a drug. rf

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 15. Phase 3 clinical trials have no therapeutic benefits Y /

16. Phase 4 clinical trials are usually conducted before the drug has gone to **f"t.f {

17 . In Canada, government funds most clinical trials undertaken to establish the safety of drugsffi b,d
18. An abolitionis, would hold that researcpn animals should be permitted as longnas it does not
cause too much pain to the animal.f

19. According to Benthry; sentience, rather than intelligence, is what entitles beinglto moral'
consideration.T {
a
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Peter'singer is a utilitarian ethicist.ffi Trr,*{

'-":'{-"choice (1/2 mark each)

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21. Which group includes a model that is not a model of the doctor-patient
' relationship?
a) Engineering, paternalistic, contractual
Paternalistic, contractual, covenantal
Ethical, paternalistic, engineering
None of the above

22. The "engineering" model of the health care professional-patient relationship proposes

\ That resources should be dedicated engineering and more empathetic relationship.

B=- That medicine becomes more like engineering - medicine fixes rather than heals.
\\. ^/ That genetic and prosthetic engineering techniques be first-treatment options.
<_dD- Physicians as applied scientists in a value-free relationship to the patient.

23. The "paternalistic" model of the health care professional-patient relationship proposes
-*)-. That parents take a strong r6le in directing a child's care.
;1!}-7 We reject patterns of traditional treatment in light of new evidence.
\D" The health care professionals as authorities and responsible decision makers.
b That the health care professional and patient make joint decisions.

24. tractual" model of the health care professional-patient relationship

Has been cliiticized as it fails to recognize the power dynamic of the relationship.
Treats neither partner in the relationship as autonomous.
c. Has been citicized for favouring the patient.
\ Began among the lKung Bushpeople living in the Kalahari Desert.

25. The "co venantal" model of the health care professional-patient relationship
Stresses diagnostic certainty at the expense empathy.

$-,
t
Is the preferred paradigm of our textbook authors.
Rejects the virtue ethics emphasis on "character."
Promotes a religious, or God-inspired, covenantal model of the relationship.

26. According to this model doctors should think of themselves as scientists.

 a) Contractual
b) Covenant
6p{ Engineering
d) Paternalistic
e) None of the above

27. The four most important bioethical principles are

a) Autonomy, justice, choice, and duty of care
b) - Autonomy, justice, beneficence, and care of duty
A/ Autonomy, justice, beneficence, and non-malfeasance
d) Autonomy, justice, beneficence, and malfeasance
e) Autonomy, justice, non-malfeasance, and care of duty
28. "Autonomy'{from Ancient Greek) means literally
a) SeTtrsa(sfaction.
b) / Self-prestnr4tion.
O- self-rule.
'Imfuiatcfreqlom.
d)

30. Feminists have accused autonomy in the health care professional-patient relationship as
a) Suggesting that the "paternalistic" model of care is best.
b) Being overtly sexist.
c) Ignoring the rights of non-human animals.
t/ .{ruinJ.oncept that neglects deeper social engagements and power relations.
Q)

31. The statement "However much we may admire Gauguin's paintings, we cannot
ignore the fact that he had moral obligations to his wife and children that
he ignored," indicates what kind of ethics
Uti$itqian ethics
Feminilethics and ethics of care

&e)
Virtue ethics
Kantian ethics
Paternalist ethics

32. Feminist ethics emphasizes

a) Power relations
b) Social considerations
sion
/
a\ i?i:?1i:T:lres
,.<\ "Y None of the above
\ a:l rn idea of human experimentation

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 Was promoted by the ancient Greeks and Romans
in the 18ft and 19ft centuries
d) None of the above
e) All of the above

34. Horrific wartime experiments were carried out by these countries during the Second
World War
a) Germany and Japan
b) - Japan and the United States
g-/ Germany and the United States
[d)) Ail of the above

35. During the 1950's, secret experiments on mentally ill patients were conducted at
what Canadian University?
a) University of Toronto
b) Carleton University
e) University of British Columbia
il , University of Alberta
McGill university
W

c) Act to savd ost lives

d) Never experiment d 4p subjects.

37. The Declaration of Helsinki

a) Strengthened the principle of informed consent from the Nuremberg Code.
b) Criminalized experimentation of on human beings.
c) Set out guidelines for use of animals in medical research.
d) , Weakened the Nuremberg Code's principle of beneficence in medical research.
Weakened the Nuremberg Code's guidelines of informed consent.
Q!/
38. Clinical trials typically have how many phases?
a)2
b)t3
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d)5 -t-
e) It depends on the trial.

39. In Canada, most clinical trials undertaken to establish the safety and effiOacy of
drugs are funded by
40. In competition for market share, pharmaceutical cornp'anies have
a) Funded medical associations' conferences
b) Had physicians sign off on ghost-written articles
c) Created fake medical journals
d) A andc
@t/etl of the above .;
41. Animals are used in medical experimentation based on the assumption that
a) They are less expensive than human beings.
b) They have no feelings.
c) They are utterly incapable of any thought.
q/ They are ends in themselves. 't
We have no moral obligations to them.
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42. Which philosophers did NOT believe animals were deserving of deep moral consideration?
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Part III i
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43. What is the, roughly, feminist critique of autonomy in the healthcare professional -patient

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45. Give three reasons from the book, slides, or class discussion for NOT on animals?
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