The Sumerian king list:

Introduction;

The Sumerian king list [ Ref; http://etcsl.orinst.ox.ac.uk/section2/tr211.htm ] is essentially

the names of the Tamil Kings. To inderstand the article a primary understanding
about the Dravidian Magical – sacred letters is a prerequisite. They are

Ma= big or great; Sa= red sun ; Sa / Cha = moon or water ; Ra = the sun; an=
the andam or the universe/ Honorofic suffix for men ; thee= fire ; tha= water or
cool ; Ka= sky or the sun or hot ; ki = earth ;Ba = earth or ocean; Ankhu= body
part ; Akh= to create ; Vaa= sky – Vanam; Vai= earth- vaiyakam ; la = light; Om =
the primordial sound; Ka> Vaa; add ‘an’ and ‘om’ then and there as suffixes.

1-39
After the kingship descended from heaven,
the kingship was in Eridug. In Eridug, Alulim became king; he ruled for 28800
years. Alaljar ruled for 36000 years. 2 kings; they ruled for 64800 years. Then
Eridug fell and the kingship was taken to Bad-tibira. In Bad-tibira, En-men-lu-
ana ruled for 43200 years. En-men-gal-ana ruled for 28800 years. Dumuzid, the
shepherd, ruled for 36000 years. 3 kings; they ruled for 108000 years. Then Bad-
tibira fell (?) and the kingship was taken to Larag. In Larag, En-sipad-zid-ana ruled
for 28800 years. 1 king; he ruled for 28800 years. Then Larag fell (?) and the kingship
was taken to Zimbir. In Zimbir, En-men-dur-ana became king; he ruled for 21000
years. 1 king; he ruled for 21000 years. Then Zimbir fell (?) and the kingship was
taken to Curuppag. In Curuppag, Ubara-Tutu became king; he ruled for 18600
years. 1 king; he ruled for 18600 years. In 5 cities 8 kings; they ruled for 241200
years. Then the flood swept over.

1. Eridug has the basic composition e -- re - tha or thee – ka . Eridug is the

Tamil Eri kudi or Era kudi . But then Kudi erru or Kudi ettram is the
appropriate word for Eridug. Kudi ettram or Kudi aerri means , the settlement or
to settle . Era kudi is a name of a village near Trichirappalli , Tamil Nadu.
Kudiyaetram or Kudiathham is a village in Tamil Nadu . kodi yaetram in Tamil means
flag hoisting.
 2. Alulim has the basic composition –aa- lu- li- mi - and the name of the king
is Malai Aali or Malai oli or Maalai ozhi. Malaiyallee is the appropriate name
for the Sumerian name Alulim and the people of Kerala in India call themselves as
Malayaalee. Malai Aali means the ruler of the mountainous lands.

3.Alaljar has the composition- aa- la –sa- Ra- and the real name of the
king is Arasalan or Rasalan or Rassiyam Aalaum Rasa velan . Rassiyam means
the state government and Rasan is the king . Hence Alajar means the king of the
state. Rasa is pure Tamil word Sanscritized as Raja.

4.Bada -tibira has the basic composition pa- da/tha –thee- bi -Ra and the
Sumerian kingdom’s true name is Pandiyan thiraiyan pirapidam or Pandaya
thiraiyan Pirapidam or thee pirapidum [v]idam / thee purappadum idam . Other
interpretations are thirpirappu pathai or thee pura theeba peedam or parathee
patham. Pandaya pirapidam means the ancient settlement of Sumerian Tamils.
Thiraiyan are the sea farers . The thiraiyans could be the Pandiyan kings.But then
Pandiyan came from the ba- andam , the ocean under the earth . Probably Pandiyan
settled in Meru mountain after the great deluge – the su . Thee pantha/panda
puram is the other interpretation as there were metal worhers working in Bad –
tibira.

5. En -men lu ana has the composition -en- me- an – la- an- a - and the real
name of the Sumerian king is Aalum Mannan en Annan . Mannan means the king ;
Aalum means ‘ to rule’ ; Annan means the sun god. In Tamil Nadu adult- elderly
men are called by the common name, Annan .

6 . En –men gal ana has the composition- en- ma –an- ka- la –an- na and the
Sumerian king’s name is Villu - Kalaila Mannan –kulam Kakkum -kalai vaanan.
Kalai means fine arts and kaalai means morning or the young man, the bull. Mannan
Kalai vannan or the Sumerian en men gal ana should have shown deep interests in
fine arts.Hewas also good archer.

7. Dumuzid has the composition- da ma - sa -di - and the Sumerian shepherd

king’s name is Madu Maa- udu- sentheeyan which means the red fire god sun .
‘Maadu’ in Tamil is the bull and Maadu--dumma means Makan , the sun as the son.

8, Larag has the composition la- Ra -ka and the name of the kingdom is Keralam
. The word Karalam should had its origin from the word ‘kara’, the banks of the river.
Keralam is one of the Southern states of India who speak one of the Dravidian
languages, Malayalam. Karu [ dark] lokam or Kaarai[ lime stone] lokam or Karai
[ on the banks] lokam or kuru [ small] lokam or Kollan[ black smith] lokam or
Valarum [ developing city] lokam are other interpretations.
 9. en sipad zid ana has the composition - en- si- pa- da - si –di- an- a- and the
name of the Sumerian king is Sen theeyanan Pasupathi -Patchonthi – Pichaandi
Sisu Suba – Pandiyan . Sentheeyan pasupathi is lord Siva and his elder son – Sisu
is the Pandian, Suppan. Suppan is the Siva’s son Murukan. Siva is called as Kuppan.
Greek Cupid is the corrupted form of the Tamil word Kuppan, the god of love.
Pitchandi is lord Siva . Pachaonthi is the camelion which changes its color.

10. zimbir has the composition- si – im- bi- Ra- and the name of the kingdom is
Simma puram or Seemai puram or Sami puram or Semmai puram or Roma
puri Rassiyam . Simma[ lion] puram means the Singapur and Seemai puram means
the foreign land . Saami puram means the land of the Sami , the sun god and Semmai
puram means’ well cultivated land’. The intersting name of the kingdom is
Roma puri Rassiyam! Was there a Roman kingdom in Sumerian land ? If so ,
who established it?!

11. en men dur ana has the composition en –me- ne- du- ra – an- a and the
name of the Sumerian king is Mannan [ king] Anna durai. The name of the
Author of this article is Annadurai.

12. curuppag has the composition ku ru pu pa ka and the name of the Sumerian
kingdom is Karppakam which means the uterus - karu –poo- akam , the safe
land in the earth as that of the womb. The related word is Kaappakam is a place
for safe custody.

13. Ubara Tutu has the composition - u- ba- Ra- tu-tu - and the name of the king is
Kubaera / Aabara Thathan or Paratheeyan thuthan . Para thee is the fire of the
sky. Thuthan is the messanger from thwe sky fire. Aabaram or Aa baranan means
‘the one who is wearing the Aabaranam , the jewels . Bibilical Aabraham means
Abarakon , the jewel or the king of the sky . Hence Bibilical Abraham should have
spoken in Tamil.

40-94
After the flood had swept over, and the
kingship had descended from heaven, the kingship was in Kic. In Kic, Jucur became
king; he ruled for 1200 years. Kullassina-bel ruled for 960 (ms. P2+L2 has
instead: 900) years. Nanjiclicma ruled for (ms. P2+L2 has:) 670 (?) years. En-tarah-
ana ruled for (ms. P2+L2 has:) 420 years ......, 3 months, and 3 1/2 days. Babum ......
ruled for (ms. P2+L2 has:) 300years. Puannum ruled for 840 (ms. P2+L2 has
instead: 240) years. Kalibum ruled for 960 (ms. P2+L2 has
instead: 900) years. Kalumum ruled for 840 (mss. P3+BT14, Su1 have
instead: 900) years.Zuqaqip ruled for 900 (ms. Su1 has instead: 600) years. (In mss.
P2+L2, P3+BT14, P5, the 10th and 11th rulers of the dynasty precede the 8th and
9th.) Atab (mss. P2+L2, P3+BT14, P5 have instead: Aba) ruled for 600
years. Macda, the son of Atab, ruled for 840 (ms. Su1 has
instead: 720) years. Arwium, the son of Macda, ruled for 720 years. Etana, the
shepherd, who ascended to heaven and consolidated all the foreign countries, became
king; he ruled for 1500 (ms. P2+L2 has instead: 635) years. Balih, the son of Etana,
ruled for 400 (mss. P2+L2, Su1 have instead: 410) years. En-me-nuna ruled
for 660 (ms. P2+L2 has instead: 621) years. Melem-Kic, the son of En-me-nuna,
ruled for 900 years. (ms. P3+BT14 adds:) 1560 are the years of the dynasty of En-
me-nuna . Barsal-nuna, the son of En-me-nuna, (mss. P5, P3+BT14 have
instead: Barsal-nuna) ruled for 1200 years. Zamug, the son of Barsal-nuna, ruled
for 140 years. Tizqar, the son of Zamug, ruled for 305 years. (ms. P3+BT14 adds:)
1620 + X ....... Ilku ruled for 900 years. Iltasadum ruled for 1200 years. En-men-
barage-si, who made the land of Elam submit, became king; he ruled for 900
years. Aga, the son of En-men-barage-si, ruled for 625 years. (ms. P3+BT14 adds:)
1525 are the years of the dynasty of En-men-barage-si. 23 kings; they ruled for
24510 years, 3 months, and 3 1/2 days. Then Kic was defeated and the kingship was
taken to E-ana.

14. K ic has the composition ka i ka and the name of the Sumerian kingdom is
vaikam or Vaiyakam [ ki>va; ka > vaa] which means the dwelling in the world .

15. Jacur has the composition –sa- ku- Ra and the name of the Sumerian king is
Saekaran which means the red sun.

16.kullassina-bel has the composition - ku -lu -la –sa- si- ni -na –ba- la - and the
name of the king is Siva –Kasi Naesa Kula - Sevvaana Kaalai Vaakana Sinna -
Sinivaasa Ko Balaka - Cholan - Valluvan Kulam kakkum - Kalla Saenan –
koola vanikan - Valli nalam kakum - Palani Velan . Sinivaasa Gobalan - Palani
Velan are proper names for men in Tamil Nadu. Siva kasi is the name of a town in
Tamil Nadu.

17. Nanjiclicma has the composition na - na- si –ka- li- ka –ma and the name is
Sakalakala vallavan-- Valli kanavan - Kasi naesa - Saalai vazhi- Kaalai vaakana
-kalinka Ma Mannan - Sahu makan - Seelan –Kannan-Nannan - Sakkilian - Valli
Manalan - Velli malai Mannavan- Kanaka Vela Nans[j]i solai Sola / chola Ma
Mannan- Valli Nalam Kakkun Velan.

18.en- tarah -ana has the composition -en- ta- ra- ha –an- a - and the name of the
Sumerian king id s Narenthiran. The name Inthiran - Enthiran - Indran -
Thantran - Tharakan - Durai kannan – Theekaran – veeranan. Indran is the basis
for the origin of the name India - Indira[ nin] thaesam – Indra lokam and the
celebration of Indra vizha in ancient Thamilakam .

19. Babum has the combination -ba -bu -mu - and the name is ‘Mooppan’ which
means an elderly – scholarly man .

20.Puannum has the composition- pa- an- nu -mu and the name of the king is
Moopan – [Makan] - Pannan . Pannan means the sun god or the singer.

21. Kailbum has the composition - ka- li - ba- mu and the name of the Sumerian king
is kaalai [ bull] Maippavan which means a shepherd lord Siva .

22.kalumum has the composition - ka- lu- mu -mu -and the name of the king is
Kaalai Maikkum Malai Kallan - Kanaka velan - which means shepherd. the
lord Siva.

23.zukaqip has the composition- sa- ka- ka -pi - and the name of the king is Aa
kasam Kappavan , the protector of the sky.

24. Atab has the combination Aa tab a and the name of the Sumerian king is Pattan
or pootan which means great grand father.

25.Mec da has the combination of - ma- ka -da - and the name of the king is Thee
Makan - Maadu Kaathan - Maka kaathakan . Makadam [the kingdom] is a related
word.

26. Arwium has the combination- a -ra -vi -a -um - and the name of the king is
Marai Oviam. Addition of the Dravidian sacred letter ‘the’ before the name will
make it to read as Thiraviam or Thirai Oviam .Thgiraiviam means wealth [ sun god]
and Thirai oviam means the art [ sun god] in the sky.

27. Etana has the composition e tan a and the Name of the king is Naattan which
means the ruler of the state.

28.Balih has the composition ba –li ha and the name of the king is Balakan .
29.En me nuna has the composition en me nu na and the name of the king is
Mannan Nannan, the good king.

30.Melemkic has the composition - ma- la- ma- ka- i- ka - and the name of the king
is Malai kakkum Vellaiyan Makan - Maka Malaiya Maan . Malaiya Maan is the
name of king of ancient Thamilakam.

31. Bursal nuna has the composition –ba- ra –sa- la- nu- na- and the name of the
king is Paaralum nannan chola Mannan . The adjective –paralum- signifies that the
Chola kings had already established a great kingdom.

32. Zamug has the composition – sa- mu –ka- and the name of the king is
Shanmukan , lord Murukan . S[h]anmukam is the a proper name foe men in Tamil
Nadu.

33.Tizkar has the composition – thee- sa- ka- Ra- and the name of the Sumerian
king is Suthakaran .Suthakaran is a proper name for men in Tamil Nadu and India.

34. Ilku has the composition- i- la- ku - and the name of the king is Kaalaiyan , the
bull god.

35. Iltasadum has the basic composition - al- la - ta - sa –du- um - and the name of
the Sumerian king is Muthalam Cholan seethalai / senthalaiyan - Semmadan -
Saathan . Seethalai Saathan is the name of the poet who lived in the period of
Elanko Adikal , a Saera /Cera king .

36.- En –men- barrage- si has the composition - en- me- en - ba- Ra- ka- sa - and
the name of the king is Mannan Veera Rakava paraman Parangusam. Parangusam
is proper name for men in Tamil Nadu.

37. Elam has the composition -el- la -am - and the name of the kingdom is Maelam
, the star. The other interpretation is Illam which means the house. There is one
state by the name Tamil Elam in Srilanka .

95-133
In E-ana, Mec-ki-aj-gacer, the son of Utu,
became lord and king; he ruled for 324 (ms. P2+L2 has instead: 325) years. Mec-ki-
aj-gacer entered the sea and disappeared. Enmerkar, the son of Mec-ki-aj-gacer, the
king of Unug, who built Unug (mss. L1+N1, P2+L2 have instead: under
whom Unug was built), became king; he ruled for 420 (ms. TL has instead: 900 +
X) years. (ms. P3+BT14 adds:) 745 are the years of the dynasty of Mec-ki-aj-
gacer. (ms TL adds instead: ......; he ruled for 5 + X years.) Lugalbanda, the
shepherd, ruled for 1200 years. Dumuzid, the fisherman, whose city was Kuara,
ruled for 100 (ms. TL has instead: 110) years. (ms. P3+BT14 adds:) He captured En-
me-barage-si single-handed. Gilgamec, whose father was a phantom (?), the lord
of Kulaba, ruled for 126 years. Ur-Nungal, the son of Gilgamec, ruled for 30
years. Udul-kalama, the son of Ur-Nungal (ms. Su1 has instead: Ur-lugal), ruled for
15 years. La-ba'cum ruled for 9 years. En-nun-tarah-ana ruled for 8 years. Mec-he,
the smith, ruled for 36 years. Melem-ana (ms. Su2 has instead: Til-kug (?) ......) ruled
for 6 (ms. Su2 has instead: 900) years. Lugal-kitun (?) ruled for 36 (ms. Su2 has
instead: 420) years. 12 kings; they ruled for 2310 (ms. Su2 has instead: 3588) years.
Then Unug was defeated and the kingship was taken to Urim.

38.E-ana has the composition –e- an- na- and the name of the kingdom is Yaenam .
There is a small union territory in India by the name Yaenam .

39.Mec ki aj gacer has the composition -me- ka- ki –sa- ka- sa- Ra - and the name
of the king is Kasi makan Makara [ as he disappeared in sea] Saekaran .

Makara is a sea creature in Hindu Mythology. Makara is

simply the Ma- karan the vehicle for the sun god to sail under the ocean in the night
and that is the reason the animal has both masculine and feminine body. This
Mythology tells about the story of the setting sun.

Makara http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Makara_(Hindu_mythology) is a sea-

creature in Hindu mythology. It is generally depicted as half terrestrial animal (in
the frontal part in animal forms of elephant or crocodile or stag, or deer) and in
hind part as aquatic animal, in the tail part, as a fish tail or also as seal.
Sometimes, even a peacock tail is depicted.

' Makara' is a Sanskrit word which means "sea dragon" or "water-

monster" and in Tibetan language it is called the "chu-srin", and also denotes a
hybrid creature. It is the origin of the word for crocodile 'mugger' in Hindi. The
English word 'mugger' evolved meaning one who sneaks up and attacks another.
The name is applied to the Mugger crocodile, the most common crocodile in
India, and is descriptive of its aggressive feeding behavior.
40. Utu is the Aadu or the –Ma- utu , the sun god , kasi .

41. Enmerkar has the composition- en- me - ra –ka- ra and the name of the king is
Maa Rakkan Ramanan – Makan - Mannan Murukan.

42.Unug has the composition -u –nu- ka- and the name of the kingdom is
Kaanakam . Kaanakam means forest and Vaanakm means the sky. Kanakam
kan akam [ aka k kan] are related words.

43. Lugalbanda has the composition u- lu –ka- la- ba- na/an- da and the name of the
Sumerian king is Ulakaalum / Nar guna- Vel Pandiyan- Kulam Kakkum
Nanan . Paandiyan must be the fisher man and not the shepherd as written in the
electronic text. Kara is the banks of the river or the seashore.

44. Dumuzid has the composition - ma [u]du – sa- di , and the name of the king
is Sandi Maadu / Saathi Maadu / Sandi Madan or Sadaiyan Madan.
Dumusid must be the shepherd. The interpretation as shown in the Electronic text
is wrong.

45. Gilgamec, has the basic composition- ka – la- ka –ma- ka - and the name of
the king is Kallan kula Kaamukan or Kollan Makan kullaekal Kaalian-
Valam kodukkum Vallal Velan . Kallan kulam is caste in Tamil Nadu . Kaamukan
means lover boy. Kullaekal is the name of the place in Karnataka –Tamil Nadu
border. Kollan means the gold smith.Kaalian is the Paeyon or the phantom. Kulaba, [
ka- la -ba] is the kingdom- Balakam . Kabalam is the skull [ Siva’s] and
Kalabum means the white shiny sun.

46. Ur-Nungal, the son of Gilgamec has the composition -ur- nu- an –ka- la - and
the name of the king is Kaalai vaelai - Nar orai yan Kaalan . Oraiyan is the sun .

47. Udul-kalama, the son of Ur-Nungal has the composition udu- lu- ka- la- ma
and the name of the king is Udukka Kadaul kula Malllaiyan .

48. Ur-lugal has the composition - ur- lu- ka- la -and the name of the kingdom is
Arulan kaalan or Erulan - Valam kodukkum vallal velan - Kaalan . Irulan are
the people of Tamil Nadu who are Mountainous hill dwellers and they are also
snake worshippers- snake catchers and hence Sivan worshippers .

49. La-ba'cum has the composition - la – ba- ka- um - and the name of the king is
Pallan Makan Balakan . Pallan [ the sun god ] is the caste in Tamil Nadu. The
present day Pallan - the scheduled class people of Tamil Nadu are made as ‘
untouchables’ by the self proclaimed superior narcissitic Brahmin community
people although these people Pallan were once the rulers or the kings of ancient
times.

50. En-nun-tarah-ana has the composition -en – nu -an - tha -Ra -ha - an- na -
and the name of the king is En Annan Tharakan- Naka Nathan - Entharan /
Indran. Indran was the god or the king of ancient Dravidian people. Annan is the
sun god , Entharan ,lord Siva. The worship of Naga- Nathan has existed in
Sumerian land.

51. Mec-he, has the composition –me- ke -he - and the name of the king is Maakan
, the big eye of the universe , the sun god , lord Siva . Mookan is also arelated name.

52. Melem-ana has the composition – me- le -me –an- na - and the name of the king
is Malaimaan Nannan or annan . Malaiyamaan was the king of ancient
Thamilakam.

53. Til-kug has the composition ti- li –ka- ku , Thee thuli Thee -ozhi or Thee-
vazhi kakaum - thee thukal Kakkum - vaithee-an Theekalion-- Thillai --
thee thuli - Kakkum kaathan . The Greek Deucalian , son of Prometheus[ Perum
matheeyon] , the fire bringer is the Tamil Theekalion, the player of fire . Kaathu
means ‘air’ and Kaathan means one who safely keeps the fire. Thillai , Delhi [
Thilli] are related words and names. ‘Thilakam kaaku’ is related phrase. Thilakm
Means the ‘Thee ulukam’ .

54. Lugal-kitun has the composition- lu- ka -la - ki- ti -un - and the name of the
king is Ula[k]gallum thee Kaathan , the fire keeper.

55. Urim has the composition – ur- ri -mi and the name of the kingdom is
Maraiyur or Ma woraiyur or Ma Oraiyur. Woraiyur and Maraiyur are the
places in Tamil Nadu. Urimai , Urumi are related words. Maraiyur is the name
of a village in Tamil Nadu.

(Tamil : உஉஉஉஉஉஉ), located

Uraiyur http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Uraiyur
near the city of Tiruchirapalli in Tamil Nadu, India, was the capital of the early
Cholas, who were one of the three main kingdoms of the ancient Tamil country.
Sometimes spelled as Uraiyur, this location is also known
asThirukkozhi, Nikalaapuri, Uranthai, and Kozhiyur. It has a history dating back to
before 2 BCE. There is definite mention of the Cholas, whose founder was
Vijayalaya and their capital in Asokan inscriptions in Orissa pushing back the
antiquity of the Cholas as well as Uraiyur to 272–232 BC, which was the period
of Ashoka (ca. 304–232 BC) who was ruler of the Maurya Dynasty of
Pataliputra (modern Patna).

The word Urayur in Tamil literally means "the residence".

Urayur was an ancient Chola city with a fortress and city wall on the southern
banks of the river Kaveri. The Imperial Cholas of the 9th century CE and later
made Tanjavur their capital, and Urayur slowly lost its place in the Chola
administration.

134-147
In Urim, Mec-Ane-pada became king; he ruled for 80 years. Mec-ki-aj-
Nanna (ms. P2+L2 has instead: Mec-ki-aj-nuna), the son of Mec-Ane-pada, became
king; he ruled for 36 (ms. P2+L2 has instead: 30) years. Elulu ruled for (mss. L1+N1,
P2+L2, P3+BT14 have:) 25 years. Balulu ruled for (mss. L1+N1, P2+L2, P3+BT14
have:) 36 years. (mss. L1+N1, P2+L2 have:) 4 kings; they ruled for (mss. L1+N1,
P2+L2, P3+BT14 have:) 171 years. Then Urim was defeated and the kingship was
taken to Awan.

56. Mec - ane -pada has the composition me- ka- an- ne- pa -da and the name of
the king is Pandiyan makan en annan kannan . In Ancient Thamilakam
woraiyur was the capital city of Cholas and not of the Pandiyan. The word
Pandiayan got corrupted to become Pandavan – Pandavas in Maka Baratham. Hence
Kannan must be the Dravidian - Pandiyan King. Duwaraka is the Tamil Thee
Orai kan +AN .

57. Mec- ki- aj -nana has the composition of - me-ke- ki -sa –na- na - and the name
of the king is kaasi makan en annan kannan .

58. Elulu has the composition e -lu -lu and the name of the king is Ellalan or
villalan [ the fine archer] .

59.Balulu has the composition - ba- lu –lu -and the name of the king is Pallan .

60. Awan has the composition - aa -va -an and the name of the kingdom is Aa
vaanam or Auvannam . It means the land exactly like that of the sky[ vaanam].
Aavanam means to document. Aa vanam means ;that forest land’. Avani means the
earth. Aa- vani means the name of the month . Yavanm means the foreign land.
Yavanar means the People from distant / foreign land or sky . Yuvan means young
adult. Avan in Tamil means ‘he’ and Yaevan means ‘who’ . Awan , Aswan of
Egypt and Swan are related names.

148-159
In Awan, ...... became king; he ruled for ......
years. ...... ruled for ...... years. ...... ruled for 36 years. 3 kings; they ruled for 356
years. Then Awan was defeated and the kingship was taken to Kic.

61. Kic has the composition ki ka and the name of the kingdom is Akam .

160-178
In Kic, Susuda, the fuller, became king; he ruled
for 201 + X years. Dadasig ruled for (ms. vD has:) 81 years. Mamagal, the boatman,
ruled for 360 (ms. L1+N1 has instead: 420) years. Kalbum, the son of Mamagal (ms.
WB has instead: Magalgal), ruled for 195 (ms. L1+N1 has
instead: 132) years. Tuge (?) ruled for 360 years. Men-nuna, (ms. L1+N1 adds:) the
son of Tuge (?), ruled for 180 years. (in mss. L1+N1, TL, the 7th and 8th rulers of the
dynasty are in reverse order) ...... ruled for 290 years. Lugalju ruled for 360 (ms.
L1+N1 has instead: 420) years. 8 kings; they ruled for 3195 (ms. L1+N1 has
instead: 3792) years. Then Kic was defeated and the kingship was taken to Hamazi.

61. Susuda has the composition -sa- sa- da - and the name of the king is Satha
Saeyon or Sutha Saesan or Saeyon or Sadaiyan Dasan or Sayon Dasan .

62. Dadasig has the composition - da -da –si- ki- and the name of the king is
Sink[g]a Sadaiyon Dasan.

63. Mamagal, has the composition -ma- ma- ka- la - and the name of the Sumerian
king is Kaalai or Kaalaiyan Ammavan or Maa kaalai mavan .

64. Kalbum has the composition – ka- la- bu –mu- and the name of the king is
Kaalai Maipavan – the shepherd king – the sun god. Bumikallan or Bommai kaalan
or Kulla Beeman are othe interpretatations.

65. Tuge has the composition – thu- ke- and the name of the king is kuthan-
Koothan . Kuthan is lord Siva , the dancer.
66 . Men-nuna has the composition- me- an- nu -na - and the name of the king is
Ma mannan Nannan.

67. Lugalju has the composition- lu –ka- la- su - and the name of the Sumerian king
is ulakalum sakala kala vallavan -Saeval[ saeval] koovum sakiliya / Valluvan
/Chola kula- velan / saeyon .

68. Hamazi has the composition -a –ha- ma- si - and the name of the kingdom is
Maha Simma suka akam .

179-185
In Hamazi, Hadanic became king; he ruled for
360 years. 1 king; he ruled for 360 years. Then Hamazi was defeated and the
kingship was taken (ms. P3+BT14 has instead: was returned a second time) to Unug.

69. Hadanic has the composition -ha- da- na- ka - and the name of the king is
Nadakam Nadikum Naka Nathan -Aathavan , the sun god.

70.Hamazi -- the Sumerian king’s name is Maka Simman , the sun god.

71. Unug has the composition -u- nu- ka- and the name of the Sumerian kingdom
Kunnam . Kunnam is the name of a village near Ariyalore, Tamil Nadu. Kanakam
or Vanakam are other interpretations.

(In mss. IB, L1+N1, TL, the 2nd dynasty of Unug of ll. 185-191 is preceded by the 2nd
dynasty of Urim of ll. 192-203.)
186-192
In Unug, En-cakanca-ana became king; he ruled for 60 years. Lugal-ure (ms.
P3+BT14 has instead: Lugal-kinice-dudu (?)) ruled for 120 years. Argandea ruled
for 7 years. (ms. L1+N1 has:) 3kings; they ruled for (ms. L1+N1 has:) 187 years.
Then Unug was defeated (ms. TL has instead: destroyed) and the kingship was taken
to Urim.
 72. En-cakanca-ana has the composition -en- ka –ka- na- ka- an- na - and the
name of the Sumerian king is kaakka Vaakanan en Annan. kakka is the crow ,
the Vehicle of sun god . The other interpretation is Nakkaikum Naak[g]a kannan.

73. Lugal-ure has the composition – lu- ka- la- ur -e and the name of the king is
Ulakalum Ori -vellaiyan Velan .

74. Lugal-kinice-dudu has the composition - lu -ka -la –ka- na- sa- du- du- and
the name of the king is Ulakalum – the ruler of the world – Sanakan - Ottakoothan
– ullam kollai kolllum –Valluvan kulam Kakkum vaitheeyan - Kanaka velan –
Kanasan . Ottakoothan is the name of the poet of ancient Thamilakam. Sanakan is the
name of the king in Maka Baratham, father of Sita. The presence of the name
Kanesan or Ganesan indicates that the Ganaesan worship was an ancient one.

75. Argandea has the composition a- Ra – ka- an- da e and the name of the king is
Theeya Arakkan, lord Siva, and Markandaeyan. Unfortunately the words Theeya
and Arakkan are portrayed in bad connotations in the later Indian Vedic / puranic
literatures.

193-204
In Urim, Nani became king; he ruled for (ms. vD
has:) 120 + X (ms. IB has instead: 54 + X) years. Mec-ki-aj-Nanna, the son of Nani,
ruled for (ms. vD has:) 48 years. ......, the son (?) of ......, ruled for (ms. IB
has:) 2 years. (ms. IB has:) 3 kings; they ruled for (ms. IB has:) 582 (ms. TL has
instead: 578) years. (ms. vD has instead: 2 kings; they ruled for 120 + X
years.) Then Urim wasdefeated (ms. TL has instead: destroyed) and the kingship was
taken to Adab.

76. Nani has the composition - na- ni - and the name of the king is Nannan .

77. Mec-ki-aj-Nanna has the composition - me- ka – ka- sa- na- an- na - and the
name of the king is Ma Mannan Maka Saenan.

78. Adab has the composition a da ba and the name of the kingdom is Theeba
Beedam/ Patham . Patinam is another interpretation which means the city near the
seashore . Example; Chenna patinam . Padappai is yet another interpretation and
there is a place in Chennai by the name Padapai. Madaba, Jordan, is the Tamil Ma
deepa beedam or Patinam.
205-210
In Adab, Lugal-Ane-mundu became king; he ruled
for (mss. L1+N1, TL have:) 90 years. (mss. L1+N1, TL have:) 1 king; he ruled for
(mss. L1+N1, TL have:) 90 years. Then Adab was defeated(ms. TL has
instead: destroyed) and the kingship was taken to Mari.

79. Lugal-Ane-mundu has the composition - lu –ka- la- an -ne – ma- un -du - and
the name of the king is Ulakaalum Ma Mannan unthan- Annan-Vaelir/ kallar
/Valluvan kulam kakkum -Vaitheeyan – Vethem thantha vithakan- - vaanan -
vazha vaikkum analan -kaalai Mattu Maithan – Velan- Mathiyan - kalla Nakulan .

80. Mari has the composition -ma- Ra - and the name of the kingdom is Maerur.
Maru-ur or Ma Oraiyam or Raamam or Rammiyam are related names and words.
Maaree/ Maran is the lord Siva or Murugan and Maari is the Kaali. Mari is also
the Rome.

211-223
In Mari, Anbu (?) became king; he ruled
for 30 (ms. TL has instead: 90) years. Anba (?), the son of Anbu (?), ruled for 17 (ms.
TL has instead: 7) years. Bazi, the leatherworker, ruled for 30 years.Zizi, the fuller,
ruled for 20 years. Limer, the gudu priest, ruled for 30 years. Carrum-iter ruled
for 9 (ms. TL has instead: 7) years. 6 kings; they ruled for 136 (ms. TL has
instead: 184) years. Then Mariwas defeated (ms. TL has instead: destroyed) and the
kingship was taken to Kic.

81.Anbu has the composition an ba and the name of the king is paanan.

82. Anba has the composition- an- ba- and the name of the Sumerian king is
Anban/paannan .

83. Bazi, has the composition- ba- si -and the name of the Sumerian king is Suppan
, lord Murukan .Since suppan was a shepherd he was also a leather worker. The
related word is seppanidu - ‘to make it all right’.

84. Zizi has the composition si- si and the name of the king is Sayon Sasi .
85.Limer, the gudu priest has the composition -li –me- Ra - and the name of the king
is Marulan , the priest - udukadikam priest – who is possessed by the spirit of
lord Murukan , udukka Maran.

86. Carrum-iter has the composition- ka -Ra - Ra -um -it - Re -and the name of the
king is Karumanthiran or Ma Rakkan - karan - theeran – Veeram Kakkum
Veeran.

87. Mariwas has the composition - ma –Ra- va -sa - and the name of the king is
Ma Orai Vaasan or Kasi Raman .

88. Kic has the composition - ki -ka - and the name of the kingdom is Ko Akam .

224-231
In Kic, Kug-Bau, the woman tavern-keeper, who made firm the foundations
of Kic, became king; she ruled for 100 years. 1 king; she ruled for 100 years.
Then Kic was defeated (ms. TL has instead:destroyed) and the kingship was taken to
Akcak.

89. , Kug-Bau has the composition - Ku- ka –ba- ua - and the name of the Queen is
Ko Bakkiyam or Bakiya Bakam - MAR- BAKAM - Gaba [ the breast]. Sow[
healthy] Bakiyam –Thana[ Breast] Pachiyam and Siva Bachiyam are the proper
names for women in Tamil Nadu. Theenam is hot fire and thanam is cool water or
milk or thaenu – honey.

90. Akcak has the composition - a- ka- ka - and the name of the kingdom is Aeka
Akam – or ko akam .

232-243
In Akcak, Unzi became king; he ruled for 30 years. Undalulu ruled for 6 (mss.
L1+N1, S have instead: 12) years. Urur ruled for (ms. IB has instead: was king (?)
for) 6 years. Puzur-Nirah ruled for (mss. IB, L1+N1, S, Su1 have:) 20 years. Icu-
Il ruled for (mss. IB, L1+N1, S, Su1 have:) 24 years. Cu-Suen, the son of Icu-Il, ruled
for (mss. IB, L1+N1, S, TL have:) 7 (ms. Su1 has instead: 24)years. (mss. S, Su1, TL
have:) 6 kings; they ruled for (mss. L1+N1, S, TL have:) 99 (ms. Su1 has
instead: 116) years (ms. IB has instead: 5 kings; they ruled for (ms. IB
has:) 87 years). Then Akcakwas defeated (ms. S has instead: Then the reign
of Akcak was abolished) and the kingship was taken to Kic.
91. Unzi has the composition – un- si -and the name of the king is Saeyon .

92. Undalulu has the composition - un -da -lu -lu - and the name of the king is
Unthan –Nantha lala.

93. Urur has the composition- ur- Ru - and the name of the kingdom is Aarur or
Erur or Eraiyur or Uraiyur- woraiyur .

94. Puzur-Nirah has the combination - pa – sa- ur- ni –ra- ha - and the name of
the king is Paeraiyur or Porur or Peru- ur - Sooriyan - Nara Sin[h]ka neeru
poosum Rasan . Paachur / Pazhuur Naren -karan- is another interpretation.

95.Cu-Suen has the composition - ko -sa -en - and the name of the king is Sokkan
or Ko saeyon.

(mss. IB, S, Su1, Su3+Su4 list the 3rd and 4th dynasty of Kic of ll. 224-231 and ll.
244-258, respectively, as one dynasty)

244-258
In Kic, Puzur-Suen, the son of Kug-Bau,
became king; he ruled for 25 years. Ur-Zababa, the son of Puzur-Suen, ruled
for 400 (mss. P3+BT14, S have instead: 6) (ms. IB has instead: 4 + X) years.(ms.
P3+BT14 adds:) 131 are the years of the dynasty of Kug-Bau. Zimudar (ms. TL has
instead: Ziju-iake) ruled for 30 (ms. IB has instead: 30 + X) years. Uß³i-watar, the
son of Zimudar (ms. TL has instead: Ziju-iake), ruled for 7 (ms. S has
instead: 6) years. Ectar-muti ruled for 11 (ms. Su1 has instead: 17 (?)) years. Icme-
Camac ruled for 11 years. (ms. Su1 adds:) Cu-ilicu ruled for 15 years.Nanniya, the
jeweller, (ms. Su1 has instead: Zimudar) (ms. IB has instead: ......) ruled for 7 (ms. S
has instead: 3) years. 7 kings; they ruled for 491 (ms. Su1 has instead: 485) years (ms.
S has instead:8 kings; they ruled for (ms. S has:) 586 years). Then Kic was
defeated (ms. S has instead: Then the reign of Kic was abolished) and the
kingship was taken (ms. P3+BT14 has instead: was returned a third time) to Unug.

96. Puzur-Suen has the composition -pa -su - ur - su- en and the name of the king
is Surian paeyon -Pacha – parasu - saeyon .

97. Ur-Zababa has the composition - ur- sa- ba- ba - and the name of the king is
Sabai pura - Saampal pura - Pasu pura or Pacha pura or Panna pura or
panchapur Pancha sara [ sugar] perum Suppan.
 98. Zimudar has the composition si -mu - da -Ra - and the name of the king is
samuthra Rasan or Ma- udu Rasan theran .

99. Ziju-iake has the composition - si- su – i -a - ke - and the name of the king is
Vaikam eaya- kkum Susakan - Saeyan .

100. Uß³i-watar has the composition -u- bi- va- ta -Ra - and the name of the king is
Kathiravan – vadiva- poo[u]bathi .

101. Ectar-muti has the composition - e- ka - ta - Ra – mu- ti - and the name of

the king is Tharakan Vaetham Kakkum – Rakavan- Vairavan –Veeran -
Thiru Moorthi .

102. Icme- Camac has the composition i- ka- me- ka- ma- ka - and the name of the
king is Iyakkan Makan Mana Miku manam kakkum Maakkan .

103. Nanniya, has the composition na an ni ya and the name of the king is Naa
Nayan or Nannayan. Naa Nayan means ' good speaker ‘ and Nakaiyan coild be a
gold smith as Nakai means jewel.

(ms. IB omits the 3rd dynasty of Unug of ll. 258-263)

259-265
In Unug, Lugal-zage-si became king; he
ruled for 25 (ms. P3+BT14 has instead: 34) years. 1 king; he ruled for 25 (ms.
P3+BT14 has instead: 34) years. Then Unug was defeated (ms. S has instead: Then
the reign of Unug was abolished) and the kingship was taken to Agade.

104. Lugal-zage-si has the composition - u –lu- ka –la- sa- ka- si -and the name of
the king is Ulakalum Sokkan Kasi. The presence of Kasi as a proper name for
many kings suggests that the etymology of the Caspian sea is definitely of Tamil
in origin.

105. Agade has the composition a- ka- tha and the name of the kingdom is
Thayakam which means ‘the mother land’. This Sumerian land ‘Thayakam’ could
be the settlement of the Dravidian people after the great deluge i.e from su[ water]
to meru[mountainous land ]. if so where was the original Thayakam - mother land of
the Dravidian people? The word Akkadian means ‘the kathakan people of
Tamil- Thayakam’.

266-296
In Agade, Sargon, whose father was a
gardener, the cupbearer of Ur-Zababa, became king, the king of Agade, who
built Agade (ms. L1+N1 has instead: under whom Agade was built); he ruled
for56 (ms. L1+N1 has instead: 55) (ms. TL has instead: 54) years. Rimuc, the son
of Sargon, ruled for 9 (ms. IB has instead: 7) (ms. L1+N1 has
instead: 15) years. Man-icticcu, the older brother ofRimuc, the son of Sargon, ruled
for 15 (ms. L1+N1 has instead: 7) years. Naram-Suen, the son of Man-icticcu, ruled
for (mss. L1+N1, P3+BT14 have:) 56 years. Car-kali-carri, the son of Naram-Suen,
ruled for (ms. L1+N1, Su+Su4 have:) 25 (ms. P3+BT14 has instead: 24) years. (ms.
P3+BT14 adds:) 157 are the years of the dynasty of Sargon. Then who was king?
Who was the king? (ms. Su3+Su4 has instead: who was king? Who indeed was
king?) Irgigi was king, Imi was king, Nanûm was king (in mss. L1+N1, Su3+Su4,
Imi and Nanûm are in reverse order) , Ilulu was king, and the (mss. P3+BT14, S
have:) 4 of them ruled for only (mss. P3+BT14, S have:) 3 years. Dudu ruled for 21
years. Cu-Durul, the son of Dudu, ruled for 15 (ms. IB has instead: 18) years. 11
kings; they ruled for 181 years (ms. S has instead: 12 kings; they ruled for (ms. S
has:) 197 years) (mss. Su1, Su3+Su4, which omit Dudu and Cu-Durul, have instead: 9
kings; they ruled for (ms. Su1 has:) 161 (ms. Su3+Su4 has
instead: 177) years. Then Agade was defeated (ms. S has instead: Then the reign
of Agade was abolished) and the kingship was taken to Unug.

106. Sargon has the composition sa –Ra- ka -an and the name of the king is
Saekaran , the mountain dweller.

107. Rimuc has the composition - Ra- ma- ka - and the name of the king is
Kumaran lord Murugan. Raemukan is yet another name.

108. Man-icticcu has the composition - ma- an- i- ka- ti –ka- ku - and the name of
the king is Kudi kakkum- Kai katti kakkum- Mannavan -Kathakan –Vaitheeyan ,
the king who is the protector of his people.

109. Naram-Suen has the composition of -na- Ra- ma - sa -en - and the name of the
king is Maran Narasiman Ramanan Seni - cenni / saeyon .

110. Car-kali-carri – son of Maran -Sene or cenni / Saeyon has the composition
ka- Ra- ka- la- ka- Ra- ri and the name of the king is Vaelir kulam kakkum kula
Vilakku Velan -- Ko ori / Kaveri Kari kalan . Kari kalan , a ‘chola Mannan’
was one of kings who ruled ancient Thamilakm. karikala cholan was the son of
llam -cet –cenni . The Sumerian king karikalan’s father was Maran Narasima
cenni . Both the kings were from veleir kulam .Both their fathers have the suffix
sene or cenni in their names. Are the Sumerian king karikalan and the Tamilaka
king karikalan are one and the same person or not?! Is the Karikalan of Sumerian land
is Mur-kaala cholan?!If so what was the period of the Tamil Sankam literatures?!

Karikala Cholan or Karikala Chozhan http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Karikala_Chola

(Tamil: கரிகால ச ாழன்) was one of the great Tamil kings of Early Chola during the
Sangam period. He was the son of Ilamcetcenni and ruled around 180 AD.
He was also known by the epithets Karikala Peruvalathaan (Tamil: கரிகால
பெருவளத்தான்) and Tirumavalavan (Tamil:திருமாவளவன்).
The story of Karikala is mixed with legend and anecdotal information gleaned
from Sangam literature. No authentic records of Karikala's reign has been found
so far. The only sources available are the numerous mentions in Sangam poetry.
The period covered by the extant literature of the Sangam is unfortunately not
easy to determine with any measure of certainty.
Pattinappaalai, Porunaraatruppadai and a number of individual poems
in Akananuru and Purananuru have been the main source for the information that
is attributed to Karikala.

Karikala was the son of Ilamcetcenni ‘…distinguished for the beauty of his
numerous war chariots..’ The name Karikalan has been held to mean 'the man
with the charred leg' and perpetuates the memory of a fire accident in the early
years of his life. Some scholars also hold the view kari and kalan are Tamil words
meaning "slayer of elephants". Porunar-aatrup-padai describes the back-formed
origin legend of this incident as follows:

The king of Urayur Ilancetcenni married a Velir princess from Azhundur and
she became pregnant and gave birth to Karikala. Ilamcetcenni died soon
after. Due to his young age, Karikala's right to the throne was overlooked
and there was political turmoil in the country. Karikala was exiled. When
normality returned, the Chola ministers sent a state elephant to look for the
prince. The elephant found the prince hiding in Karuvur. His political
opponents arrested and imprisoned him. The prison was set on fire that
night. Karikala escaped the fire and, with the help of his uncle Irum-pitar-
 thalaiyan, defeated his enemies. Karikala’s leg was scorched in the fire and
from thence Karikala became his name.
Pattinap-paalai, written in praise of Karikala also describes this incident, but
without mention of the fable of the burnt limb:

Later Chola kings referred to Karikala Chola as a great ancestor, and attributed
him with the building of dikes along the banks of the Kaveri.
The raising of the banks of the river Kaveri by Karikala are also mentioned by the
Melapadu plates of Punyakumara:karuna - saroruha vihita - vilochana – pallava –
trilochana pramukha kilapritvisvara karita kaveri tira
(He who caused the banks of the Kaveri to be constructed by all the
subordinate kings led by the Pallava Trinetra whose third eye was blinded
by his lotus foot.)

The Grand Anicut also known as the [ta:உஉஉஉஉஉ] Kallanai, was built by
the Chola king and is considered one of the oldest water-diversion or water-
regulator structures in the world, which is still in use.

111. Irgigi has the composition - i -Ra – ki- ki - and the name of the king is Arakki
kai kaei ka urukia Ravanan . This lengthy name contains the names of the
characters of the epic Ramayanam , namely Kai kae i and Raavanan ! what was
the relationship between Kai kaei and Ravanan?! It is very clear that the epic
Ramayanam is purely the story of Sumerian Tamils and if so what was the period
during which the story of Ramayanam took place?! Was Irggi , the hero-
Ravanan of the story of Ramayanam ?! What was the period of that mega story -
Ramayanam?! Since the period of the king Irgigi was BC- circa - 2128 , can we
accurarely sat the time period of Ramayanm . But then , since Irgigi had a very short
term he could not be the Ramayanam hero -Ravanan.

112. Shar kali sharri , has the composition sa- Ra –ka –la- as- ra -ri and the
name of the king is Vaelir kula Rasan –Rasa Rasan - ca B.C 2153-2129. Rasa
Rasan was the great chola kings of Thamilakam during the period 985 - 1014
CE. The Rasa Rasan of Sumerian land must be one of the Mur- kaala/ Mara-
kalam chola kings .

Raja Raja Chozhan I (Tamil: ராஜ ராஜ ச ாழன்), born Arulmozhi

Thevar (also called as Raja Kesari Varman Raja Raja Devar and respectfully
as Peruvudaiyar), popularly known as Raja Raja the Great, is one of the greatest
emperors of the Tamil Chola Empire of India who ruled between 985 and 1014 CE.
By conquering several small kingdoms in South India, he expanded the Chola
Empire as far as Sri Lanka in the south, and Kalinga (Odisha) in the northeast. He
fought many battles with the Chalukyas to the north and the Pandyas to the
south. By conquering Vengi, Rajaraja laid the foundation for the Later
Chola dynasty. He invaded Sri Lanka and started a century-long Chola occupation
of the island.

The key dates of Raja Raja's rule are difficult to come by. Scholar N.Sethuraman
concludes that he was born in circa 947 CE, was crowned on 18 July 985 and died
in 1014 in the Tamil month of Maka.

112. Imi has the composition- i -mi -and the name of the king is Maayan. what is
the relationship between Sumerian king Mayan and Mayan people of south
America?!

113. Nanûm has the composition - na –nu- um- and the name of the king is Ma
nanan or Anumaan . Anumaan is the monkey god of Ramayanam .

114. Ilulu has the composition - il- lu -lu and the name of the king is Iyllan , the
snake or the sun god. Lollan [ sun god] is the other name.

115.Dudu has the composition thu du and the name of the king is Thathan

116.Cu-Durul has the composition - ka –du- Ru- la and the name of the king is
Kodunkon Irulan .

297-307
In Unug, Ur-nijin became king; he ruled
for 7 (mss. IB, S have instead: 3) (ms. Su1 has instead: 15) (ms. Su3+Su4 has
instead: 30) years. Ur-gigir, the son of Ur-nijin, ruled for 6 (ms. IB has
instead: 7) (ms. Su1 has instead: 15) (ms. Su3+Su4 has instead: 7) years. Ur-
gigir ruled for 6 years. Puzur-ili ruled for 5 (ms. IB has instead: 20) years. Ur-
Utu ruled for 6 (ms. Su3+Su4 has instead: Ur-Utu), the son of Ur-gigir, ruled for
25 (ms. Su1 has instead: Lugal-melem, the son of Ur-gigir, ruled for 7) years. 5
kings; they ruled for 30 (ms. IB has instead: 43) (mss. PÝ+Ha, S have
instead: 26) years(ms. Su3+Su4, which omits Kuda and Puzur-ili, has instead: 3
kings; they ruled for (ms. Su3+Su4 has:) 47 years). Unug was defeated (ms. S has
instead: Then the reign of Unug was abolished) and the kingship was taken to
the army (ms. Su3+Su4 has instead: land) of Gutium.

117. Ur-nijin has the combination - ur- ni- si -in - and the name of the king is
Saiyur Naraiyan Saenan.

118. Ur-gigir has the combination - ur- ki- ki-Ra -and the name of the king is Karur
or Karu-ur / Karuvarai kakaum Ravanan or Rakavan or Rakkan or kannan .The
other interpretation is Kannanukai urukiya Ravanan or Arakkan Ravannakai
urukiya Kannan/. Kannan is the main character o f Maha Baratham and Ravanan
is the main character of Ramayanam . karur [ Uruk] is district in Tamil Nadu.

119. Puzur-ili has the composition -- pu –su- ru –il- li - and the name of the king
is Surula palli sooriya Puli / pulli Rasa Rasan .

120. Utu has the composition - u -the - and the name of the king is Aathavan .

121. Lugal-melem, has the composition U- lu –ka- lu- mu - me le me and the

name of the king is Ulakalum Kali Makan Velan – Valluva kulam kakkum
Valluvan - Ma Mannan - Mallan . Ulakalum Malumi is other interpretation
where Malaumi means the captain of the ship . the sun[ Ulakalum kalam] and lord
Siva [ captain- Malumi] .

122. Gutium has the composition - ku – ti- um- and the name of the kingdom is
Maekkudi .

308-334
In the army (ms. Su3+Su4 has
instead: land) of Gutium, at first no king was famous; they were their own kings and
ruled thus for 3 years (ms. L1+N1 has instead: they had no king; they ruled
themselves for 5 years). Then Inkicuc (ms. Su3+Su4 has instead: ......) ruled
for 6 (ms. L1+Ni1 has instead: 7) years. Zarlagab ruled for 6 years. Culme (ms.
L1+N1 has instead: Yarlagac) ruled for 6 years. Silulumec (ms. Mi has
instead: Silulu) ruled for 6 (ms. G has instead: 7) years. Inimabakec ruled for 5 (ms.
Mi has instead: Duga ruled for 6) years. Igecauc ruled for 6 (ms. Mi has instead: Ilu-
an(?) ruled for 3) years. Yarlagab ruled for 15 (ms. Mi has
instead: 5) years. Ibate ruled for 3 years. Yarla (ms. L1+N1 has
instead: Yarlangab (?)) ruled for 3 years. Kurum (ms. L1+N1 has instead: ......)ruled
for 1 (ms. Mi has instead: 3) years. Apil-kin ruled for 3 years. La-erabum (?) ruled
for 2 years. Irarum ruled for 2 years. Ibranum ruled for 1 year. Hablum ruled for 2
years. Puzur-Suen, the son ofHablum, ruled for 7 years. Yarlaganda ruled for 7
years. ...... ruled for 7 years. Tiriga (?) ruled for 40 days. 21 kings; they ruled for (ms.
L1+N1 has:) 124 years and 40 days (ms. Su3+Su4 has instead: 25 years). Then the
army of Gutium was defeated (ms. TL has instead: destroyed) and the kingship was
taken to Unug.

123. Inkicuc has the composition -in -ki –ka- ka- and the name of the king is
Kakaum kakai vakanan kaniyan. Kaniyan -poonkundranar is the name of a poet
of ancient Thamilakam.

124. Zarlagab has the compostion -sa- ra- la- ka -ba -and the name of the king is
kalaba kalai Rasa Velan , the white sun of the Dawn .

125. Culme has the composition- ku –lu- me- and the name of the king is Mukilan .

126. Yarlagac has the composition of -ya- Ra- la- ka -ka - and the name of the king
is kakaum Aiyan -Veera vel - Alakan Ravanan .

127. Silulumec has the composition of- si –lu- lu- me- ka- has the composition
Cholan Makan- Velli Malai velan - Kallan - Ma Mallan .

127. Silulu has the composition -si- lu- lu- and the name of the king is Cholan
Sullan .

128. Inimabakec has the compostion –in- ni – ma- ka –ka- and the name of the king
is Venni kakaum Ma makan vanna Kannan . Venni is the place where Cholan
Karikalan fought a war .

129. Duga has the composition -du- ka- and the name of the king is Kathan or or
Kathakan or Koothan.

130. Igecauc has the composition - i- ka- ka- ku- and the name of the king is
Akam kakkum kakai- Vakanan . - Kakkum kai Kannan - kakkum kai
kaei .
131. Yarlagab has the composition - ya -Ra - la- ka -ba - and the name of the king is
kala Bavan- Kari vaayan - Rayar Kulam –Ayar Kulam kakkum Balakan-
Ravanan . Rayan means the king.

132. Ibate has the composition- i –ba- te- and the name of the king is Thee ban
Boobathi .

133. Yarla has the composition - ya- Ra- la -and the name of the king is Irulan .

134. Kurum has the composition – ku- Ra –mu- and the name of the king is
Murukan .

135. Apil-kin has the composition – a- pa- il- ki- in- and the name of the king is
Palani koil Balakan. Palani koil is the temple for lord Bala Murukan in Dindukal
district , Tamil Nadu . It seems there existed a temple for Palanai Murukan in the
Sumerian land in the ancient past .

136. La-erabum has the composition – la- e- Ra –bu- mu- and the name of the king
is Roma Puri Aalum Marulan Raman . It seems kannan and the lord Murugan
are one and the same god. But then what does it mean Roma puri Aalum Maran?!
Was there a plcee by name Rome in the ancient Sumerian land ?! Who Were the
twins Romus and Romulus and where did they come from ?! Can we call Romus as
Raman or Ramaesh and Romalus – ra- ma- la- su- as chola Mannan saeyon Rama
Rasan .

Roma Puri pandiyan; Romapuri Pandian is a historical

novel written by Kalaignar karunanithi that talks about the king Peruvazhuthi
Pandian who tries to establish a relationship with the Roman Empire.

It seems not only the Pandiyans were having relationship

with Rome but also the chola ! But then who established the Roman Kingdom?!

137. Irarum has the composition - i- Ra –ru- mu - and the name of the king is
Murai Maman - Maran - Raman – Ravanan . it seems that the proper names
Raman and Ravanan are very much popular among the Sumerian Tamil people.

138.Ibranum has the composition i- ba – Ra – an- mu and the name of the king is
Pari poorana vaaran Ma iyan – Mayan .
139. Hablum has the composition -a –ha- ba –lu- mu and the name of the king is
Ma Balakan .

140. Puzur-Suen has the composition - pa- su- ur- su- en- and the name of the king
is Para suran enuyir Saeyon .

141. Yarlaganda has the composition -a ya- Ra- la- ka- an –da and the name of the
king is Kantha velan Aiyyan or Aayan - Kalai Vaanan – Valli kannan
Rakavan .

142. . Tiriga has the composition – thee- Ra- ka and the name of the king is Thiru
/Thirai Rakkan or karunanithi or Karunan . Thiru is the honorific term – for
Dravidian Tamil people , the term which they use even now while writing the
names of men as Thiru - Murukan . Thiru is equivalent to Mr . Thiru mathi is Mrs.
The term Thiru is very close to the term Turaniyan .[ Thiru neeru / Nerugal ani yan
].

335-340
In Unug, Utu-hejal became king; he ruled for 427
years, ...... days (ms. IB has instead: 26 years, 2 + X months, and 15 days) (ms. J has
instead: 7 years, 6 months, and 15 days) (ms. TL has instead: 7 years, 6 months, and 5
days). 1 king; he ruled for 427 years, ...... days (ms. J has instead: 7 years, 6 months,
and 15 days) (ms. TL has instead: 7 years, 6 months, and 5 days). Then Unug was
defeated and the kingship was taken to Urim.

143. Utu-hejal has the composition - u tu – ha- sa- la - and the name of the king is
[ para] Anthaka Veetu / Hoisala [?} or Ko- salai veetu - sakala cholan .
Parathnka cholan was the king of ancient Thamilakam.

341-354
In Urim, Ur-Namma became king; he ruled for
18 years. Culgi, the son of Ur-Namma, ruled for 46 (mss. Su3+Su4, TL have
instead: 48) (ms. P5 has instead: 58) years. Amar-Suena, the son ofCulgi, ruled
for 9 (ms. Su3+Su4 has instead: 25) years. Cu-Suen, the son of Amar-Suena, ruled
for 9 (ms. P5 has instead: 7) (ms. Su1 has instead: 20 + X) (ms. Su3+Su4 has
instead: 16) years. Ibbi-Suen, the son of Cu-Suen, ruled for 24 (mss. P5, Su1 have
instead: 25) (ms. Su3+Su4 has instead: 15) (ms. TL has instead: 23 (?)) years. 4
kings; they ruled for 108 years (mss. J, P5, Su1, Su3+Su4 have instead: 5 kings; they
ruled for (ms. P5 has:) 117 (ms. Su1 has instead: 120 + X) (ms. Su3+Su4 has
instead: 123) years). Then Urim was defeated (ms. P5 has instead: Then the reign
of Urim was abolished). (ms. Su3+Su4 adds:) The very foundation of Sumer was torn
out (?). The kingship was taken to Isin.

144. Ur-Namma has the composition- u- Ra – na –ma- ma- and the name of the king
is Namma Uraan , the son of the soil.

145. Culgi has the composition - ku -lu -ki -and the name of the king is kaaliankan .

146. Amar-Suen has the composition - a- ma- Ra – sa- en - and the name of the king
is Amaran Mara Saeyon or Rama Sasen .

147. Cu-Suen has the composition ku sa en and the name of the king is Sinkan
Kasi Saeyon.

148. Ibbi-Suen has the composition - ib -bi -su -en and the name of the king is
Esan Suppan poosian .

149. Isin has the composition i -si -in and the name of the kingdom is Esanai .
.Esanai is the name of a village near Trichirappalli , Tamil Nadu .

355-377
In Isin, Icbi-Erra became king; he ruled
for 33 (ms. P5 has instead: 32) years. Cu-ilicu, the son of Icbi-Erra, ruled for 20 (ms.
P5 has instead: 10) (ms. Su1 has instead: 15) years. Iddin-Dagan, the son of Cu-
ilicu, ruled for 21 (ms. Su1 has instead: 25) years. Icme-Dagan, the son of Iddin-
Dagan, ruled for (mss. P2, P5 have:) 20 (ms. Mi has instead: 18) years. Lipit-Ectar,
the son of Icme-Dagan(ms. P2 has instead: Iddin-Dagan), ruled for (mss. L1+N1, P2,
P5 have:) 11 years. Ur-Ninurta (mss. L1+N1, P2 add:) , the son of Ickur -- may he
have years of abundance, a good reign, and a sweet life -- ruled for (ms. P5
has:) 28 years. Bur-Suen, the son of Ur-Ninurta, ruled for 21 years. Lipit-Enlil, the
son of Bur-Suen, ruled for 5 years. Erra-imitti ruled for 8 (mss. P5, TL have
instead: 7) years.(ms. P5 adds:) ...... ruled for ...... 6 months. Enlil-bani ruled for 24
years. Zambiya ruled for 3 years. Iter-pica ruled for 4 years. Ur-dul-kuga ruled for 4
years. Suen-magir ruled for 11 years. (ms. P5 adds:)Damiq-ilicu, the son of Suen-
magir, ruled for 23 years. 14 kings; they ruled for 203 years (ms. P5 has instead: 225
years and 6 months).
(Mss. P2+L2, L1+N1 and P4+Ha conclude with a summary of the post-diluvian
dynasties; the translation of ll. 378-431 uses numerical data from each mss. but
follows the wording of P2+L2 and L1+N1)

378-431
A total of 39 kings ruled for 14409 + X years, 3
months and 3 1/2 days, 4 times in Kic. A total of 22 kings ruled for 2610 + X years, 6
months and 15 days, 5 times in Unug. A total of 12 kings ruled for 396 years, 3 times
in Urim. A total of 3 kings ruled for 356 years, once in Awan. A total of 1 king ruled
for 420 years, once in Hamazi.

16 lines missing
A total of 12 (?) kings ruled for 197 (?) years, once in Agade. A total of 21 (ms.
P4+Ha has instead: 23) kings ruled for 125 years and 40 days (ms. P4+Ha has
instead: 99 years), once in the army of Gutium. A total of 11 (ms. P4+Ha has
instead: 16) kings ruled for 159 (ms. P4+Ha has instead: 226) years, once in Isin.
There are 11 cities, cities in which the kingship was exercised. A total of 134 (ms.
P4+Ha has instead: 139) kings, who altogether ruled for 28876 + X (ms. P4+Ha has
instead: 3443 + X) years. 21.

150. Icbi-Erra has the composition - i –ka- ba- e- Ra-Ra- and the name of the king
is kowravan Bakkaiya Veera Ravanan. The Dravidian Tamil speaking Sumerian
Kowravan is the Maka Baratha Gowravas. Kuravan [ Ko Aravaan]is a related
word.

151. Cu-ilicu has the composition- ka - il –li- ku- and the name of the king is Kaali
kula kallan kaalinkan. The story of Kannan killing the Kaalinkan is a pure
Dravidian Tamil story.

152.Iddin-Dagan has the composition - i- di -di –tha- ka- an and the name of the king
is Aathee / Aathi yina Thakkan - Kathakan -thenan .

153.Icme-Dagan has the composition -i- ka me –tha-ka –an and the name of the
king is Maka Mayee/ Mayan Thakana[?]| Thee kannan .

154. Lipit-Ectar has the composition – li –pa -thee- e- ka- tha- Ra- and the name of
the king is Thiru eravu Palli eluantha Valli kulam kakum Vaelan – Ratha e
kakkum - Pathalam kakkum --Thakali [ thee kali] Kannan - Alli Kodukkum Vallal
Veera Rakavan . Lipit –ectar must be great a Philanthropist.

156. Ur-Ninurta has the composition -u -Ra- ni –nu- Ra -tha - and the name of the
king is Nannn -en Annan- Rathayin Unni Orai thee Tharun .Unni is the popular
name for male children in Kerala.

157. Ickur has the composition -i –ka- ur- and the name of the king is Arankan .
Yarukaka -[ Rukumanikaka] or Uru-kaka Urukam kannan or Urukaai [
pickle] are the other interpretations . Urukkaka urukum kannan is the setting sun.

158. Bur-Suen has the composition- ba- Ra- sa –en- and the name of the king is
Periannan Suppu Rasan - Sevanna Ravanan - Para Saeyon – Chinnappa
Rasan - Saenan - vaasan .

159. Lipit-Enlil has the composition- li- pa –ti- en- li –la - and the name of the king
is Palli eluntha -Nalla thee in Pathala nilal /nizhlal - Nillatha Anthila pootha
en – [ullam allum ] Nalla pon /pen Nila – aan pathi - penPathi - pathi Nila - Nila
ponnan - - the moon , the shadow of the sun - Enlil.

160. Erra-imitti has the composition- e- Ra- am- ma - thee- and the name of the
king is E – Rama- Mainthan -- Erumamai Mainthan.

161. Enlil-bani has the composition- en- li-la –ba -ni - and the name of the king is
Paeyon Nallaan / pani - poo Nila – paal Nila - in Paeyon.

162. Zambiya has the composition -sa –am- bi -ya and the name of the king is
Sembiyan or poosaiyam . Zambia , African coutry has its name from Tamil
.Poosaiyam / Poojiam means zero and the numerical zero was given by the
Sumerian- Dravidian Tamil people.

163. Ur-dul-kuga has the composition -ur – thu- la- ka- ka- and the name of the king
is Aruthala kodukkum -Kaalai Kathiravan .

164. Damiq-ilicu [ Approximate period- 1730 BC]. has the composition – thee-
ma-ka –il la ka and the name of the king is Thamil kudi Makan -- Thamilkatha
/Tamil mozhi –Kaathu- Aalum- Thalai makan Velli Malai Mannavan- Kaali
makan- Vellaiya thevan . Thaevan is name of a community in Tamil Nadu.
 Here is the magical word Thamilakm, the settlement or the state
or the land or the country of the Tamil people. The language of Sumerian
language is Tamil. Since the name is ‘Tamil Mozhi kaakum--, there must be a
threat to that language at that time in Sumerian land. If so by which language?!
On the alternative side the threat of deterioration of the Tamil language from it’s
classical status Sen-Tamil to Kodun - Tamil. Remember the Kudi Eri / Era kudi
or Kudi ettram took place some 30 century B.C. and the period of Damiq-iliku
was approximately 1730 B. C.

167.En – sipad- zid -ana has the composition -en- si- pa- tha -sa –thee -an –na
and the name of the king is Bootha Sentheenan Pasu Naesan Saeyon.

168.Jushur has the composition -sa –su- ru and the name of the king is Rasa
Rasan .

169.Mesh- ki –ang- gasher has the composition -ma -sa – ki- an –ka –sa- Ra-ba
and the name of the king is kasi Maka Rasa Saeyon makan subban- Kannan
.

170.En- shag kush -ana has the composition -en – sa- ka – ku -sa - an- na and
the name of the king is En annan kannan Kusanan ko Saeyon . What does
the name Kusanan signify? Does it mean the Kusana kingdom ?!

171.Lugal-kinishe-dudu has the composition - lu –ka- la- ki- ni- sa- du- du- and
the name of the king is Vaelir- Vellala kula Velan –Kannaiyan -Sanku
Uthum kalai gnan Sathan - Cholan Sathiya nathan.

172.Ishme-Shamash has the composition -i –sa- me- sa- ma -sa - and the name
of the king is Mannan Meesai Soman. The word Messaiya is of Tamil origin.
173.Shu-ilishu has the composition -sa- il -li -sa - and the name of the king is
Sollalan. Saalai -/Cholai-- Sollia –Cholia—Chella - Cholan. Solia /Cholia vellalan
is caste in Tamil nadu.

174.Man-ishtishu has the composition - ma – na –si- thee- su and the name of

the king is Mannan Saeyon Sentheeyan.

175.Ishbi-Erra has the composition - i-sa- bi- e- Ra – and the name of the king is
Rasan Arram saieum Paeyon .
176.Iter-pisha has the composition -it – Ra- pi –sa- and the name of the king is
Boobathi or Sithapathi Rasan.

conclusion;

We can make conclusion that the Dravidian people settled in Sumerian land in
Kudi aeri - Kudi aettram – their first settlement , some 30 thousands years ago
after the great deluge [ from su to Meru] . Their first king was Alulim or Aalum
Mannan Maalayali. The kingdom Bad –tibira is actually the Pandaya pripidam [
native place] of Tamils or the Paandiyan[ Pandiyan kindom] pirapidam in
Particular. Another kingdom Caruppag is actually Tamil Karuppu akam. Akam in
Tamil means inner –dwelling place- House . The kingdom Larag is the Keralam.
Among the Dravidian kings, Jacur – seem to be the Tamil Saekaran or
Saeran/Ceran . Kings like kullassina-bel Nanjiclicma and Iltasadum seem to be
Chlolas . The Chola king Bursal nuna’s title ‘Paralum’ Mannan Chola Nannan is
notable. Shar kali sharri , is the Tamil -- Vaelir kula Rasan –Rasa Rasan - ca
B.C 2153-2129. Car-kali-carri , son of Naram-Suen [ Maran Narasiman Ramanan
-Seni - cenni / saeyon] is the Tamil ----‘Vaelir kula Velan -- Ko ori / Kaveri Kari
kalan’ . king Lugalbanda seems to be the Ulakaalum Nal kula/ Nar guna-Vel
Pandiyan- Nanan. King Mec -ane – pada is the Pandiyan makan en annan
kannan. King Damiq-ilicu ‘s role [ Thamil kudui Makan] in protecting
Thamilakam and Tamil Mozhi is worth noticeable. The Queen Kug bau -- Ko
Bakiyam is the Thana packiyam. King Apil-kin is Palani koil Balakan . Hence we
can conclude that there was a Palani Hill in the ancient Sumerian Land.
 Notable other kings are Anumaan , Irulan , kallan ,
pallan , pulaiyan, Devan , Enthiran , Malaiya Maan ,Koothan, Suppan , M-
arkandaeyan, Murugan , Nannan, Anban, Ravanan ,Raman , Kannan, Pannan ,
Sokkan , Kathiravan , Maha Simman, kaathan , Kathakan ,Theekaliyon [ Greek
Deucalion ] , Mukilan , Erumai Maippavan, Erumai Mainthan , Kaalingan and
saeyon. King Limer- the Marulan – Udukka [ gudu] Priest- king is an example for
the long cultural continuity of the great Dravidian Tamil people.

The kingdoms other than Erigud and Carrupag , are ‘ e-

ana’ the Tamil Aaenam ; Urim , the Tamil Maraiyur ; Awan is the Tamil
aavaanam ; Kic is the [Tamil ] Akam; Adab is the Patti or the patinam; Elam is
the Tamil elam or the Illam ; Akcak is the [Tamil] Aeka akam ; Unug is the Tamil
Kunnam ; Agade is the Tamil Thayakam; Gutim is the Tamil Maekkudi ; Mari is the
Maerur ; Mari is also the Rome . Rome is also the Mari [Ma orai]. Rome was
founded by Raman and Maran [Murukan]. Maran is Raman and Raman is Maran.
Isin is the Tamil Esanai etc.

The names like Kowravan [Gowravas], Paandavas- the

Pandiayan, Sanakan, Kaikaei, Ravanan-Raman, Kannan- Rathai [thara], Sitha –
pathi and kar[u]nan are all the main characters of the epics Ramayanam and
Maha Baratham which are purely the great stories of Dravidian Tamil people.
More over the names like Valluvan, Vetham – Thavam, kallan, Velir, Devan have
to be noticed. Does the name Valluvan noticed here has any connection with
Thiruvalluvan who wrote Thiru kural?.

உஉஉ உஉஉஉ உஉஉஉஉஉஉஉஉஉஉஉஉ உஉஉ

உஉஉஉஉ உஉஉஉஉஉஉ உஉஉஉ

In the first (1 ) couplet of the Athikaram – Kadavul vazhththu , the word Aathi
Bakavan [ does not mean - the god] is actually – Aa –thee—ba – ka – va –an
wher’ Aa’ is the primordial ; ‘thee’ is the fire ; ‘ba’ is the earth or ocean ; ‘ka’ is
the sky or sun ; ‘Vaa’ is the sky and ‘an’ is the universe. If so ,the exact meaning
is -- as the letter ‘A ‘ is the first letter of the Tamil Language , the origin of the
sun , sky , earth and the ocean of the whole universe[ body parts of the
universe] is from the Aa thee - the primordial fire. If my interpretation is
right, then what is the period of Thirukural?!

The exact meaning of the word Kadavul is not the god per se
! But then ,the word Kadavul actually denotes - ka – da -ul - where ‘Ka’ is
the sky , Kada is the ‘ ko- udu’ , the great star, the sun and ‘la’ is the light.
Hence ‘Kadavul’ means the sun or the sun god . alternatively it indicates the
sky [ka] + sun[udu] + the moon[la].The word Ulaku itself is madeup of the
Dravidian magical letters U [du] - la –ku[a] , the reveral- of the letters of Kadavul.

what was the meaning of the word kadaul as told by

Thiruvalluvar?!.
ககககக – Coulet- 4
உஉஉஉஉஉஉஉஉஉஉஉஉ உஉஉஉ உஉஉஉஉஉ உஉஉஉஉஉஉஉஉஉஉஉஉஉ
உஉஉஉஉஉஉஉ உஉஉஉஉஉஉ உஉ.

In this couplet 4 –‘ ilan ‘is actually the sun god or the

snake god who has no beginning [birth] or end [death]. ILan also means the
‘snake’ in Turkish language . we know that Sumerian Tamil was in close
association with Turkish language in the ancient past.
ககககக—couplet 5
உஉஉஉஉஉஉஉஉ உஉஉஉஉஉஉஉஉஉஉ உஉஉஉ உஉஉஉஉஉ
உஉஉஉஉஉஉஉஉஉ உஉஉஉஉஉஉஉஉஉஉஉஉஉஉ உஉஉஉஉஉ

In this Kural -5 -maatu[[ not matumae –only those ] is

actually , the son[ children] of god [ Iraivan- the oraiyan] who seeks the
pathwaty shown by Him . Maatu is actually the Maa -udu or Sumerian Dumma.
If one acepts the meaning of ‘Maatu’ for sons of god, then what is the time period
of ThiruKural?!
ககககக couplet 8
உஉஉஉஉஉ உஉஉஉஉஉஉ உஉஉஉஉஉஉஉஉஉஉஉஉஉஉஉ உஉஉஉஉஉஉ
உஉஉஉஉஉஉ உஉஉஉஉஉஉ உஉஉஉஉ

In this couplet Anthanan is Antha- theenan – the

hanging fire god- sun god of the sky. Litreally, Anthanar[ an – thee -na –Ra ] is a
fire worshipper or the one who makes the sacred fire. what was the exact
meaning as intentended by Thiru Valluvar?
ககககக 127
உஉஉஉஉஉ உஉஉஉஉஉஉஉ உஉஉஉஉஉஉ உஉஉஉஉஉஉஉஉஉ
உஉஉஉஉஉஉஉஉ உஉஉஉஉஉஉஉஉஉஉஉஉஉ உஉஉஉஉ

In this couplet 127, What is the meaning of Sahu appar ?!

sahu appan is the lord Sahu , a star of the sky. Sahu has been mentioned in
Sumerian Tamil as well as in Egyptian mythology . Every one or
particularly the Egyptian Paroahs will reach the Sahu star after death.
‘Saaha porraen’ in Tamil means ‘I will die and then reach the Sahu star’.
Sahu could be the Junior Horus or lord Murugan while ‘ ya’ ka’ va ‘ra [ it
is not yaraainum] could be the senoior Horus or the Oraiyan - Iraivan , lord
Siva. Well! Who is- Ya- ka -va -ra ? what is the relation of Ya- ka- vaa - of
Thiru valluvar with the Bibilical name Ya -ko –vaa- or Jehovaa .There are
references to say that ‘Yahovaa’ was a snake god in the remote past. The
snake of the earth always signify the sun god of the sky the Egyptian- Ra or
the Thirukural , Ya- ko- vaa –Ra[ Raaku -vaa - aran] . ko- vaa[i ]is the
opening of the universe , the sky [ko- opening] as in Sumerian and Egyptian
mythology. Ko vaai in Tamil also means the red tounge, the red tounge of the
snake god – red fire god - sun god [naa - the red fire flame- tounge ].we kow
that Raku or Rahu is the snake demon [ theemaan] who swallows the sun
and causes eclipses. If so what is the exact meaning of -Ya ko- va- Ra - of
Thirukural and what is the time line of the kural if the kural word is exactly
the same as Bibilical – Jewish- Tetragrammaton -Jehovah – the god [ Ra- is
missing] or Adoni [ Tamil- Athanan or Na athan ] or Elohim [ Tamil- Mukilan or
Ma- kalan ore Ma- kale ]?!