PRESENT

SIMPLE
 PRESENT SIMPLE: TO BE
AFFIRMATIVE FORM:
[SUBJECT] + [*] + [«am/is/are» (in Present Simple)] + [CONTEXT]

NEGATIVE FORM:
[SUBJECT] + [«am/is/are»] + [«not»] + [*] + [CONTEXT]

INTERROGATIVE FORM:
[**] + [«Am/Is/Are»] + [SUBJECT] + [*] + [CONTEXT] + [?]

INTERROGATIVE-NEGATIVE FORM:
[**] + [«Am/Is/Are»] + [«not»] + [*] + [SUBJECT] + CONTEXT] + [?]
* General adverb placement may vary.
** Question word when needed.
 PRESENT SIMPLE: ALL VERBS
AFFIRMATIVE FORM:
[SUBJECT] + [*] + [MAIN VERB (in Present Simple)] + [CONTEXT]
NEGATIVE FORM:
[SUBJECT] + [AUX. VERB. «do/does» (in Present Simple)] + [«not»] + [*] +
[MAIN VERB Base Form] + [CONTEXT]
INTERROGATIVE FORM:
[**] + [AUX. «Do/Does»] + [SUBJECT] + [*] + [MAIN VERB Base Form] +
[CONTEXT] + [?]
INTERROGATIVE-NEGATIVE FORM:
[**] + [«Do/Does»] + [«not»] + [SUBJECT] + [*] + [MAIN VERB Base Form] +
[CONTEXT] + [?]
* General adverb placement may vary.
** Question word when needed.
 Spelling rules for verbs conjugated
in Present Simple for the
3 rd Pe r s o n S i n g u l a r : S h e , H e , & It

1.- For most verbs:

ADD -s (speaks, lives, understands…)

2.- For verbs ending in -ss, -x, -ch, -sh, -z, or -o preceded by a consonant:
ADD -es (passes, fixes, watches, wishes, buzzes, goes…)

3.- For verbs ending in Consonant + Y:

REMOVE the «Y» and ADD «IES» (study -> studies, deny -> denies…)

4.- The verb TO HAVE is irregular for the 3rd person singular: (has)
 PRESENT SIMPLE
⑦ Communicative Purposes
 Communicative Purposes:

❶ Repeated Actions

❷ Simple Statements of Fact

❸ World Truths (General Truths)

❹ Senses and Mental Processes

❺ To Refer to the Future: Scheduled Events

❻ Historical/Gnomic/Narrative Statements

❼ Storytelling (Summaries, Reviews, Jokes)

 ❶ Repeated Actions
For repeated or recurrent actions such as habits and routines
that normally include adverbs (or adverbial phrases) of repeated time.

I always come to school by bike.

He frequently arrives here before us.
Thomas never forgets to do his homework.
I play baseball on Saturdays.
He usually takes a nap after lunch.
Once a year I fly back to visit my family in Spain.
The classrooms are cleaned every evening after school.
He sometimes loses his temper, but it doesn't happen
very often.
Do you ever eat in the cafeteria?
Does your father speak English every day?
 ❷ Simple Statements of Fact
To state a fact or ask a question without any time reference.

I live in a small town by the sea.

She plays football but she doesn't play tennis.
For breakfast he eats rice and drinks orange juice.
Anna is a very hardworking girl.
A friend of mine speaks four languages.
It rains a lot in London.
He is eight years old.
Do you play guitar?
Does your brother have any children?
How much does it cost to buy an apartment in San Diego?
 ❸ Wo r l d Tr u t h s ( G e n e r a l Tr u t h s )
Statements about rules of nature and the way the world is.

The sun sets in the west and rises in the east.

Most babies learn to speak when they are about two
years old.
Water boils at 100° Celsius.
Trees lose their leaves in the fall.
Wood floats on water.
Does it snow in the Sahara desert?
Wind comes from differences in air pressure.
Do elephants live longer than humans?
Flowers don't grow in the winter.
❹ Ve r b s o f t h e s e n s e s a n d m e n t a l p r o c e s s e s
For many verbs of thinking, feeling and sensing:
like - love - prefer - know - understand - hate - need – want
believe remember - see - hear - taste - smell - look - feel ...

I love lying in bed late on Sunday mornings.

I need to know right now, I can't handle uncertainty.
She says she doesn't know who did it and I believe her.
He doesn't want to speak to you again.
This doesn't taste very good, does it?
Do you remember the first time we met?
The more I think about it, the less I understand it.
Does he understand which way to go?
I don’t like soap operas.
 ❺ To R e f e r t o t h e F u t u r e : S c h e d u l e d E v e n t s
To refer to future events that are scheduled (and outside of our control).

Hurry up! The train departs in 10 minutes.

I leave LA at 5 o'clock in the morning and arrive in New
York at midnight the next day.
Terry's favorite television program is on in an hour.
There's no need to hurry, the train doesn't leave for
another 45 minutes.
When does the meeting begin?

UABC´s Engineering Week begins next month.

The film starts at 9pm.

❻ H i s t o r i c a l / G n o m i c / N a r ra t i ve S t a t e m e n t s
To refer to an event that took place in the past. To create an effect of immediacy.

It is a bright summer day in 1947.

“There is nothing permanent only change.”

A rolling stone gathers no moss.

The secret of happiness is not to do what you like to do,

but to learn to like what you have to do.

“Pain is inevitable, suffering is optional.”

 ❼ S t o r y t e l l i n g ( S u m m a r i e s , R e v i e ws , J o k e s )
For telling or retelling stories or anecdotes in order to seem more immediate;
as well as for writing book summaries or film reviews.

…So in he walks with a parrot on his shoulder!

In his new film Robert Redford plays the part of a brave

cowboy.

The first part of the book introduces the reader to what is like
to be a wizard.

One thing to notice here is that, in the movie itself, the four
siblings all have their own personalities.