UNIT 1

The Present Simple Tense of ‘to be’

* to be: am, is, are
I am
He, She, It, My friend, Lan is
We, You, They, My friends are
Positive: S + am / is / are + O We are at the cinema.
Negative S + to be + not + O It isn’t hot today.
Question
Question word + be + S + O? Where are they from?
 This / That / These / Those
this (này ) , these (những …. này)
Eg: This hotel is expensive but it’s very nice.
Eg: These flowers are for you. (here, over here)
that (kia) those (những….kia )
Eg: That girl is my sister’s daughter.
Eg: Those women are my mother and sisters. (there, over there)
 Making requests
Can I see a menu, please?
Can I have an ice-cream, please?
Could I have a glass of water, please?
Could I have a return ticket to Paris, please?
Possessive ’s (của)
* Sở hữu sau danh từ số ít ’s Eg: Ann is a girl’s name.
* Sở hữu sau danh từ số nhiều s’ Eg:I stay at my parents’ house.
* Sở hữu sau danh từ bắt quy tắc ’s Eg: The children's bicycles.
UNIT 2

The present simple tense

- To talk about things that are always true or true for a long time.
Eg1: The sun rises in the east and sets in the west.
Eg2: She’s very clever. She speaks four languages.
- To talk about habits or repeated actions(every day, rarely, seldom, today,
present day, nowadays, always, usually, often, sometimes, never)
Eg1: She always gets up at 6 o’clock.

* Positive S + V + O Eg: They usually make supper at 6:30.

* Negative S + do + not + V + O Eg: We don’t know many people in this town.
* Question Do + S + V + O? Eg: Do you play a musical instrument?
* Positive S + V(s/es) + O Eg: Peter washes his hair twice a week.
* Negative S + does + not + V + O Eg1: My father doesn’t drink coffee.
* Question Does + S + V + O? Eg: Does she often play volleyball?
→ Yes, she does. No, she doesn’t.
* Most verb add “s” in the third person singular.
Eg: makes, works, knows, listens, plays, wears, says, waits, enjoys
• If the verb ends in “ o, s, x, z, ch, sh,.We add“es” after infinitive verb
Eg: goes, misses, washes, teaches, fixes, quizzes
* If the verb ends in a consonant + y, the –y changes to -ies
Eg: study – studies, try – tries
* Have is irregular (have - has)
Eg: She has a daughter.
PRONUNCIATION
* [ iz ]: /s/, /z/, /ʃ/, /tʃ/, /ʒ/, /dʒ/ ch, ce, ge, s, sh, x, z
Eg: catches, dances, changes, passes, pushes, mixes, sneezes,…..
* [ s ] : θ, p, k, f, t
Eg: baths stops works laughs wants
* [ z ] : b, d, l, m, n, r, v, ð, ŋ …and vowels
Eg: grabs, reads, falls, swims, listens, wears, leaves, breathes, bring, borrows,….

Prepositions: in at on
in the morning (buổi) in summer (mùa)
in September (tháng) in 1990 (năm)
in the twenty – first century (thế kỷ)
at 6:00 (giờ)
at weekend (cuối tuần) at the weekend
at midnight (nữa đêm) at night (tối)
on: Monday (thứ) on Saturday morning
on weekdays (các ngày trong tuần)

 have got (has got)

I, We, You, They, danh từ số nhiều have hot/ haven’t got
He, She, It, danh từ số ít has got / hasn’t got
Eg: She has got a sister and two younger brothers.
Eg: She hasn’t got any brother or sister.
Have / Has + S + got + ……..?
Eg: Has he got a new house? Yes, he has. No, he hasn’t.

 Adverbs of frequency
never hardly ever sometimes often usually always

These adverbs usually come before the main verb, after the auxiliary and the
verb to be.
Eg: I don’t often go swimming.
Eg: We always have wine in the evenings.
UNIT 3: Không có ngữ pháp

UNIT 4

There is / There are Can

* There is + a/an/one + singular noun
Pos: There is a cat on the sofa.
Neg: There isn’t a cat on the sofa.
Ques: Is there a cat on the sofa? Yes, there is. No, there isn’t
* There are + some/ lots of/ four + plural noun
Pos: There are some flowers in the garden.
Neg: There aren’t any flowers in the garden.
Ques: Are there any flowers in the garden? Yes, there are. No, there aren’t.
 There is/There are to say that something exists.
Eg:There is a spider in the bathroom!
Eg:There are four people in my family.

 Use There are + some for no exact number

Eg: There are some books.
 In plural negatives and questions use there aren’t/are there + any + noun
Eg: There aren’t any tables.
  S + can + V-inf Eg: Penguins can swim underwater.
 S + can’t (cannot) + V-inf Eg: Penguins can’t fly in the sky.
 Can + S + V-inf ? Eg: Can she speak English?
 Wh-question/How + can + S + V-inf…?
Eg: How can I get to the post office?

UNIT 5

Countable nouns and uncountable nouns

* Countable nouns are things you can count. They are singular or plural.
Eg: a house an apple flowers dishes times
* Uncountable nouns are things you can’t count. They are never plural.
Eg: sugar mumps homework water bread air time
* How many: bao nhiêu, many: nhiều
Use with plural countable nouns
How many vegetables do you eat in a week?
A lot./Lots. Quite a lot. Not many. None
* How much: bao nhiêu, much: nhiều
Use with uncountable nouns
1. How much milk is there in the fridge?
A lot./Lots. Quite a lot. Not much. None
2. Water is good for you.

a / an / some / any
• a / an + singular countable nouns
* a: We can use before words beginning with a consonant sound.
Eg: a watch, a key, a university, a pen, a house,…..
* an: We can use before words beginning with a vowel sound (a,e,i,o,u).
Eg: an apple, an empty glass, an ostrich, an umbrella, an ice-cream

• Some
- With plural countable nouns or uncountable nouns in positive sentences.
Eg1: There are some students here.
Eg2: I have some ice in the fridge.
Eg3: Can I have some coffee?
Eg4:Would you like some orange juice?

• Any

With plural countable nouns or uncountable nouns in negative sentences and

questions.
Eg1: There aren’t any chairs in here.
Eg2: There isn’t any food left.
Eg3: Do you have any sandwiches?
Eg4: Is there any ice in the fridge?

UNIT 6

The past simple: was / were; Regular verbs and Irregular verbs
To talk about things which started and finished in the past (yesterday, last
ago, in…)
Eg: They were born in 2003.
Eg: Yesterday, I watched a great movie on TV. It started at 8 p.m. and
finished at 10.15p.m.
I he she it singular noun + was
Eg: My friend was at his uncle’s house yesterday afternoon.
 We you they plural noun + were
Eg: My parents were in Hanoi on their summer vacation last month.

S + was / were + O It was hot yesterday.

S + was / were + not + O

Eg: My parents weren’t at home yesterday.

Was / Were + S + O ?
Was she happy with him? Yes, she was. No, she wasn’t.

 The Past Simple of regular verbs and irregular verbs

S + V-ed / V(past simple)

She cleaned the floor yesterday.
We bought a new car last week.

S + didn’t + V
Maria didn’t move to London last year.
They didn’t go anywhere last summer.

Question word + did + S + V..?

When did you have a holiday?

Did + S + V... ? Did you enjoy a holiday?

Yes, S + did. → No, S + didn’t.

Pronunciation
/ id / d , t wanted decided needed waited started added

/ t / f , k , p , s , ʃ , tʃ laughed liked slipped missed watched washed

/ d / b g l m n r v z dʒ … and vowels.
climbed begged traveled seemed cleaned moved changed played
 NOTES:
a. When the verb ends “e” we add “d”
Eg: (to) like - liked
(to) close - closed
b When the verb ends in a consonant+ “y” we change “y” to “i ed”
Eg: (to) study - studied (to) hurry hurried
But : (to) stay - stayed , (to) enjoy - enjoyed, play - played, ..
c. When the verb ends in a short vowel and a consonant, we double the
consonant and -ed
Eg: (to) stop - stopped
(to) chat - chatted
+ But:
(to) open - opened
(to) listen - listened
(to) happen – happened
 Linking words
and (và): dùng để thêm thông tin vào câu nói
Eg: My hobbies are playing soccer and listening to music.
but (nhưng): dùng để nêu lên hai thông tin đối ngược nhau
Eg: It’s a nice house but it hasn’t got a garden.
or (hoặc): dùng để giới thiệu một sự lựa chọn
Eg: Would you like tea or coffee?
so (do đó, cho nên, vì vậy): dùng để chỉ kết quả, hệ quả, phía trước so luôn có dấu
phẩy ngăn cách
Eg: It’s raining, so I’ll stay home and watch TV.
because (bởi vì): dùng để chỉ nguyên nhân, luôn đứng trước mệnh đề phụ thuộc
Eg: I failed in my exam because I didn’t study.
UNIT 7

* Comparatives and superlatives

I. Comparative:

1. Short adjectives

S1 + V(am, is, are) + adj - er + than + S2

1. You are better singer than me.

2. It’s easier to phone than to write a letter.You write faster than I do.

2. Long adjectives

S1 + V(am, is, are) + more + adj + than + S2

1. Dalat is more beautiful than Nha Trang.

2. A story – book is more interesting than a school – book.

II. Superlative:

* Short adjectives:

S + V(am, is, are) + the adj – est + N….

1. She is the tallest girl in the city.

2. Today is the hottest day of this month.

* Long adjectives:

S + V(am, is, are) + the most + adj + N…

1. This is the most difficult exercise.

2. Money isn’t the most important thing in life.

Notes: The adjectives with y, le, er, ow, et are short adjective

happy → happier → the happiest

gentle → gentler → the gentlest
clever → cleverer → the cleverest
narrow → narrower → the narrowest
quiet → quieter → the quietest

Adjective Comparative Superlative

one syllable young younger the youngest

cold colder the coldest

one syllable nice nicer the nicest

ending in -e late later the latest

one syllable – wet wetter the wettest

short vowel + thin
thinner the thinnest
one consonant
big
bigger the biggest

two syllable – heavy heavier the heaviest

consonant + y sunny sunnier the sunniest

two or more attractive more attractive the most attractive

syllables interesting more interesting the most interesting

good better the best

bad worse the worst
little
less the least
irregular far
farther / further the farthest / the furthest
many /
much more the most
Asking for directions

Can you tell me the way to

the station, please?
Excuse me, Could you tell me the way to

how can I get to the post office?

Is there a clothes shop near here?

Giving directions

Go straight on / straight ahead at the traffic light.

It’s past the bank.

Turn left/right at the crossroad.

the left/ right.

It’s on
the corner of