1.

75 CU TRC V CM T THNG DNG TRONG TING ANH PH THNG

S + V+ too + adj/adv + (for someone) + to do something (qu.... cho ai lm g...)

e.g.1 This structure is too easy for you to remember. e.g.2: He ran too fast for me to follow.
o

S + V + so + adj/ adv + that +S + V (qu... n ni m...)

e.g.1: This box is so heavy that I cannot take it. e.g2: He speaks so soft that we cant hear anything.
o

It + V + such + (a/an) + N(s) + that + S +V(qu... n ni m...)

e.g.1: It is such a heavy box that I cannot take it. e.g.2: It is such interesting books that I cannot ignore them at all.
o

S + V + adj/ adv + enough + (for someone) + to do something . (... cho ai lm g...)

e.g.1: She is old enough to get married. e.g.2: They are intelligent enough for me to teach them English.
o

Have/ get + something + done (VpII)(nh ai hoc thu ai lm g...)

e.g.1: I had my hair cut yesterday. e.g.2: Id like to have my shoes repaired.
o

It + be + time + S + V (-ed, ct 2) / Its +time +for someone +to do something( n lc ai phi lm g...)

e.g.1: It is time you had a shower. e.g.2: Its time for me to ask all of you for this question.
o

It + takes/took+ someone + amount of time + to do something (lm g... mt bao nhiu thigian...)

e.g.1: It takes me 5 minutes to get to school. e.g.2: It took him 10 minutes to do this exercise yesterday.
o

To prevent/stop + someone/something + From + V-ing (ngn cn ai/ci g... khng lm g..)

e.g.1: I cant prevent him from smoking e.g.2: I cant stop her from tearing
o

S + find+ it+ adj to do something(thy ... lm g...)

e.g.1: I find it very difficult to learn about English. e.g.2: They found it easy to overcome that problem.
o

To prefer + Noun/ V-ing + to + N/ V-ing.(Thch ci g/lm g hn ci g/ lm g)

e.g.1: I prefer dog to cat. e.g.2: I prefer reading books to watching TV.
o

Would rather + V (infinitive) + than + V (infinitive)(thch lm g hn lm g)

e.g.1: She would rather play games than read books. e.g.2: Id rather learn English than learn Biology.
o

To be/get Used to + V-ing(quen lm g)

e.g.1: I am used to eating with chopsticks.

o

Used to + V (infinitive)(Thng lm g trong qk v by gi khng lm na)

e.g.1: I used to go fishing with my friend when I was young. e.g.2: She used to smoke 10 cigarettes a day.
o o o o o o o o o o

to be amazed at = to be surprised at + N/V-ing( ngc nhin v....) to be angry at + N/V-ing(tc gin v) to be good at/ bad at + N/ V-ing(gii v.../ km v...) by chance = by accident (adv)(tnh c) to be/get tired of + N/V-ing(mt mi v...) cant stand/ help/ bear/ resist + V-ing(khng nhn c lm g...) to be keen on/ to be fond of + N/V-ing(thch lm g ...) to be interested in + N/V-ing(quan tm n...) to waste + time/ money + V-ing(tn tin hoc tg lm g) To spend + amount of time/ money + V-ing(dnh bao nhiu thi gian lm g) To spend + amount of time/ money + on + something(dnh thi gian vo vic g...)

e.g.1: I spend 2 hours reading books a day. e.g.2: She spent all of her money on clothes.

o o o o o o

to give up + V-ing/ N(t b lm g/ ci g...) would like/ want/wish + to do something(thch lm g...) have + (something) to + Verb(c ci g lm) It + be + something/ someone + that/ who(chnh...m...) Had better + V(infinitive)(nn lm g....) hate/ like/ dislike/ enjoy/ avoid/ finish/ mind/ postpone/ practise/ consider/ delay/ deny/ suggest/ risk/ keep/ imagine/ fancy + V-ing,

e.g.1: I always practise speaking English everyday.

o o o o o o o o o o o o

Its + adj + to + V-infinitive(qu g .. lm g) Take place = happen = occur(xy ra) to be excited about(thch th) to be bored with/ fed up with(chn ci g/lm g) There is + N-s t, there are + N-s nhiu (c ci g...) feel like + V-ing(cm thy thch lm g...) expect someone to do something(mong i ai lm g...) advise someone to do something(khuyn ai lm g...) go + V-ing(ch cc tr tiu khin..)(go camping...) leave someone alone( ai yn...) By + V-ing(bng cch lm...) want/ plan/ agree/ wish/ attempt/ decide/ demand/ expect/ mean/ offer/ prepare/ happen/ hesitate/ hope/ afford/ intend/ manage/ try/ learn/ pretend/ promise/ seem/ refuse + TO + V-infinitive

e.g.1: I decide to study English.

o o o o o o o o

o o o o o o

for a long time = for years = for ages( nhiu nm ri)(dng trong th hin ti hon thnh) when + S + V(Qk), S + was/were + V-ing. When + S + V(qkd), S + had + Pii Before + S + V(qkd), S + had + Pii After + S + had +Pii, S + V(qkd) to be crowded with(rt ng ci g ...) to be full of(y ci g ...) To be/ seem/ sound/ became/ feel/ appear/ look/ go/ turn/ grow + adj(y l cc ng t tri gic c ngha l: c v nh/ l/ dng nh/ tr nn... sau chng nu c adj v adv th chng ta phi chn adj) except for/ apart from(ngoi, tr...) as soon as(ngay sau khi) to be afraid of(s ci g..) could hardly(hu nh khng)( ch : hard khc hardly) Have difficulty + V-ing(gp kh khn lm g...) Ch phn bit 2 loi tnh t V-ed v V-ing: dng -ed miu t v ngi, -ing cho vt. v khi mun ni v bn cht ca c ngi v vt ta dng ing

e.g.1: That film is boring. e.g.2: He is bored.

e.g.3: He is an interesting man. e.g.4: That book is an interesting one. (khi khng nn nhm vi ed, chng hn ta ni : a loved man c ngha ngi n ng c mn m, tc l c ngha B v c )
o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o

in which = where; on/at which = when Put + up + with + V-ing(chu ng...) Make use of + N/ V-ing(tn dng ci g ...) Get + adj/ Pii Make progress(tin b...) take over + N(m nhim ci g...) Bring about(mang li) Ch : so + adj cn such + N At the end of v In the end(cui ci g v kt cc) To find out(tm ra),To succeed in(thnh cng trong...) Go for a walk(i do)/ go on holiday/picnic(i ngh) One of + so snh hn nht + N(mt trong nhng...) It is the first/ second.../best + Time + th hin ti hon thnh Live in(sng )/ Live at + a ch c th/ Live on (sng nh vo...) To be fined for(b pht v) from behind(t pha sau...) so that + mnh (....) In case + mnh (trong trng hp...) can/ could/ may might/ will/ would/ shall/ should/ must/ ought to ... (modal Verbs) + V-infinitive Gerunds and Infinitives

V + V-ing Appreciate admit Avoid Cant help Cant stand Cant bear Consider Deny Dislike Enjoy Feel like Finish Give up Imagine Keep (on) Look forward to Mention Object to Practise

Put off Risk Suggest Be/get used to Be worth V + to V Afford: c gng Appear: c v Arrange: sp xp Decide: quyt nh Fail: tht bi Forget: qun Happen: bt ng Intend: nh Learn: bit Manage: c gng Mean: mun Offer: mun Plan: d nh Prepare: chun b Promise: ha Refuse: t chi Seem: dng nh Threaten: e do Hope: hy vng Expect: mong Hesitate: ngn ngi Agree: ng Want: mun Attempt: c gng Wish: mun Tend: nh V+O+V Make Let Have Hope Catch See Watch Feel Find Hear Overhear Observe V + O + to V Advise: khuyn

Allow: cho php Encourage: khuyn khch Force: bt buc Invite: mi Order: ra lnh Persuade: thuyt phc Remind: nhc nh Teach: dy Tell: bo Warn: cnh bo Show: ch bo Command: yu cu Ask: yu cu Urge: bt buc

CU HI UI - CU HI UI Cu hi ui l mt dng cu hi rt thng dng trong ting Anh. Mc d cu tr li cho cu hi ui cng ging nh cu tr li cho cu hi YES-NO, nhng cu hi ui c sc thi ngha ring bit. Cu hi ui c thnh lp sau mt cu ni khng nh hoc ph nh, c ngn cch bng du phy (,) v vy ngi t cu hi c thng tin v cu tr li. Tuy nhin, thng th ngi hi khng chc chn lm v thng tin ny. Nu ngi hi chc chn, t tin rng mnh c thng tin v cu tr li nhng vn hi th khi chm dt cu hi ui, ngi hi s ln ging. Sau y l cch thnh lp cu hi ui cho cc tt c cc th ta hc: * Nguyn tc chung khi lp cu hi ui: - Nu cu ni trc du phy l cu khng nh, cu hi ui phi th ph nh. - Nu cu ni trc du phy l cu ph nh, cu hi ui phi th khng nh * Cu to ca cu hi ui: - Cu hi ui gm mt tr ng t tng ng vi th c dng trong cu ni trc du phy, c NOT hoc khng c NOT v mt i t nhn xng tng ng vi ch ng ca cu ni trc du phy. * Th d: - YOU ARE AFRAID, AREN'T YOU? (Anh ang s, ng khng?) - YOU DIDN'T DO YOUR HOMEWORK, DID YOU? (Bn khng lm bi tp nh, ng khng?) * Cch thnh lp cu hi ui cho cc tt c cc th ta hc: 1. Hin ti n vi TO BE: - HE IS HANDSOME, ISN'T HE? = Anh y p trai, ng khng? - YOU ARE WORRIED, AREN'T YOU? = Bn ang lo lng, phi khng? - c bit vi I AM..., cu hi ui phi l AREN'T I: + I AM RIGHT, AREN'T I? - Vi I AM NOT, cu hi ui s l AM I nh quy tc. + I AM NOT GUILTY, AM I? 2. Hin ti n ng t thng: mn tr ng t DO hoc DOES ty theo ch ng (xem li bi Th hin ti n vi ng t thng nu cn) - THEY LIKE ME, DON'T THEY?

- SHE LOVES YOU, DOESN'T SHE? 3. Th qu kh n vi ng t thng: mn tr ng t DID, qu khn vi TO BE: WAS hoc WERE: - YOU LIED TO ME, DIDN'T YOU? - HE DIDN'T COME HERE, DID HE? - HE WAS FRIENDLY, WASN'T HE? 4. Th hin ti hon thnh hoc hin ti hon thnh tip din: mn tr ng t HAVE hoc HAS - THEY HAVE LEFT, HAVEN'T THEY? - THE RAIN HAS STOPPED, HASN'T IT? 5. Th qu kh hon thnh hoc qu kh hon thnh tip din: mn tr ng t HAD: - HE HADN'T MET YOU BEFORE, HAD HE? 6. Th tng lai n: - IT WILL RAIN, WON'T IT? - YOUR GIRLFRIEND WILL COME TO THE PARTY, WON'T SHE? * Nhng trng hp c bit cn lu : ** USED TO: tng (din t thi quen, hnh ng thng lp i lp li trong qu kh) - Trng hp ny, ta c vic xem USED TO l mt ng t chia th qu kh. Do , cu hi ui tng ng ch cn mn tr ng t DID - Th d: + SHE USED TO LIVE HERE, DIDN'T SHE? ** HAD BETTER: - HAD BETTER thng c vit ngn gn thnh 'D BETTER, nn d khin ta lng tng khi phi lp cu hi ui tng ng. Khi thy 'D BETTER, ch cn mn tr ng t HAD lp cu hi ui. - Th d: + HE'D BETTER STAY, HADN'T HE? ** WOULD RATHER: - WOULD RATHER thng c vit gn l 'D RATHER nn cng d gy lng tng cho bn. Ch cn mn tr ng t WOULD cho trng hp ny lp cu hi ui.

- Th d: + YOU'D RATHER GO, WOULDN'T YOU? As if v as though u c ngha nh th l

It looks as if/as though it is going to rain.

Thi th
Sau as if/as though, ngi ta dng th qu kh n vi ngha hin ti, ch s so snh khng c tht.

She looks as if/as though she is rich. ( -> C th c y giu c.) She looks as if/as though she was rich. ( -> C y khng giu c.)

Trong vn phong trang trng, were c dng thay cho was ch s so snh l khng c tht

She looks as if she were rich.

Lu rng ngi ta khng dng th qu kh hon thnh i vi cu so snh khng thc qu kh.

She looked as if she was rich, but she wasnt. (khng dng: as if she had been rich.)

Trong vn phong thng thng, like thng c dng thay cho as if/as though. Trng hp ny rt ph bin trong ting Anh M

It looks like it is going to rain.

CCH DNG NG T SUGGEST

A: ng t suggest c 4 hnh thc c s dng trong ting Anh: a. suggest ng trc possesive + gerund (s hu + danh ng t) Eg: I suggest (your) selling it (Ti ngh (bn) bn ci ) b. suggest ng trc mnh danh t (noun clause) c ng t c chia th simple present (hin ti n) Eg: I suggest (that) he applied for the job. (Ti ngh anh np n xin vic lm ) c. suggest ng trc mnh danh t c should ng trc infinitive (ng t nguyn th) Eg: I suggest (that) he should apply for the job. (Ti ngh anh np n xin vic lm ) Trong trng hp ny suggest c dng trang trng hn a, b

d. suggest ng trc mnh danh t c ng t thuc li cu khn (subjunctive) l mt ng t nguyn th (infinitive) Eg: He suggested that we go out for walk. (Anh ngh chng ti do chi)

Mt vi ng t c cch dng ging suggest nh: propose ( ngh); require (cu, i hi)

1.

CU IU KIN O NG - CU IU kIN N

Cu iu kin o ng c ch ng ng sau ng t, cu iu n c nh cu iu kin nhng cu trc ca n khng hon ton ging nh mt cu iu kin y hai mnh (mnh IF v mnh chnh). Trong bi ny, ta s xem xt tt c cc trng hp cu iu kin o ng v cu iu kin n. * Trng hp 1 - o ng: - Cu iu kin o ng l cu iu kin khng tht hin ti hay khng tht qu kh. IF trong mnh IFc b i, ch ng trong mnh IF c t sau ng t hay tr ng t. + Bnh thng: IF I HAD KNOWN THAT WOULD HAPPEN, I WOULD HAVE GIVEN HIM THE MONEY. -> o ng: HAD I KNOWN THAT WOULD HAPPEN, I WOULD HAVE GIVEN HIM THE MONEY. + Bnh thng: IF I WERE TO OFFER YOU A JOB, I WOULD NEED A STRONG RECOMMENDATION FROM YOUR FORMER EMPLOYER. -> o ng: WERE I TO OFFER YOU A JOB, I WOULD NEED A STRONG RECOMMENDATION FROM YOU FORMER EMPLOYER. + Bnh thng: IF THAT SHOULD HAPPEN, I'D BE READY FOR IT. -> o ng: SHOULD THAT HAPPEN, I'D BE READY FOR IT. * Trng hp 2: Cu iu kin n c th l bt c loi cu iu kin no (hin ti c tht, khng tht, qu kh khng tht) - Trong cu iu kin n, khng c hai mnh (mnh iu kin v mnh kt qu). Mt cu iu kin n thng dng n nhng t hoc cm t sau: WITH, WITHOUT, OTHERWISE, IF SO, IF NOT, WHAT IF. + WITH SOME TRAINING, YOU COULD BECOME A GREAT SINGER. (= IF YOU HAD SOME TRAINING, YOU COULD...) + WITHOUT HER, I WOULD DIE. (= IF I DIDN'T HAVE HER, I WOULD DIE.) + IT SOUNDS LIKE YOU LET PEOPLE TAKE ADVANTAGE OF YOU. -> IF SO, YOU NEED TO LEARN TO BE MORE ASSERTIVE. -> IF NOT, MAYBE YOU'RE JUST UNLUCKY. + YOU SHOULD OFFER HIM A GOOD SALARY. OTHERWISE, HE WILL NOT TAKE THE JOB. (= IF YOU DON'T, HE WILL NOT TAKE THE JOB.) + WHAT IF I TOLD YOU THE TRUTH? (= WHAT WOULD HAPPEN IF I TOLD YOU THE TRUTH?)

ng dng ca t MISS Miss l mt ng t kh c bit trong Ting Anh vi nhiu ngha nn i khi gy bi ri cho ngi s dng. Di y l mt s ngha ph bin ca ng t miss. miss = fail to contact with: khng c mt, n qu mun, b l, nh

Unless you hurry up, youll miss the 8:00 train. (Nu bn khng nhanh ln th bn s l chuyn tu 8 gi). miss = fail to make contact with: khng tn dng c ci g, b l If you dont come to the cinema tonight, youll miss your opportunity of seeing the film. (Nu bn khng n rp chiu phim ti nay th bn s b l c hi xem b phim . miss = khng nghe thy, khng trng thy, khng hiu ai/ci g: When going the street, you cannot miss our company. (Khi i ngang qua ph anh khng th khng trng thy cng ty ca chng ti). Im sorry, I missed what you said. (Xin li, ti khng hiu anh ni g. miss = be sorry to be with: nh, thiu Will you miss me when Im away? Oh, I will miss you so much! (Em c nh anh khi vng anh khng? i, em s nh anh rt nhiu!). What do you miss most about the north of Vietnam now youre inAmerica? (Khi M, anh nh iu g nht v min bc Vit Nam?)- I miss my family, I miss my friends, etc. (Ti nh gia nh, bn b, v.v). miss = trnh, thot khi ci g If you go early, youll miss the heavy traffic. (Nu anh i sm th anh s trnh c ch tc giao thng). We only just missed having a nasty accident . (Chng ta va thot khi mt tai nn him ngho). miss = trt, chch He scored four goals, but then he missed a penalty. (Anh ta ghi 4 bn thng, nhng sau li ht c st pht penalty). He missed his foot when climbing the mountain. (Anh ta b trt chn khi leo ni). missing/missed (adjective) = lost/can not be found: mt, tht lc, khng tm thy c. Phn t missing and missed cng c dng lm tnh t. V d, missing files:nhng tp tin b mt; a missed opportunity : mt c hi b b l. Missing thng c dng sau danh t m n b ngha. Do you know there are four files missing from this directory? (Bn c bit 4 tp tin b mt trong th mc ny khng?) Yesterday, the weather was nice. It would be fine to go camping. It was a missed opportunity.(Hm qua tri p. S rt tuyt nu chng ta i cm tri. Chng ta b l mt c hi ri). Miss trong cc thnh ng: miss cn c dng trong nhiu thnh ng vi nhng sc thi khc nhau:

If you dont offer a good price for the house now, well probably miss the boat together. (Nu by gi chng ta khng tr gi cao cho ngi nh ny th c l chng ta s l c hi). Long-term planning is always rather a hit and miss affair. (K hoch di hn lun c d c sai lm). Mary will find out your secret she never misses a trick. (Mary s khm ph ra b mt ca bn c ta tinh lm). I think Ill give fish course a miss. (Ti ngh rng ti s b qua mn c. Vi cch gii thch d hiu nh trn, ti tin chc rng bn s khng cn bi ri khi s dng ng t miss. As, When, While C ba t ny u dng ni v nhng s vic, hnh ng, tnh hung ang din ra cng mt thi im. Tuy nhin vn c s khc bit trong v tr v cch s dng. Hnh ng nn Chng ta dng c ba t ny ni v mt hnh ng nn, l hnh ng ang din ra ( trong hin ti hoc qu kh) th c mt hnh ng khc cng xy ra. Lu rng chng ta thng s dng th tip din i vi nhng hnh ng trong thi gian ko di. Mnh As dng din t phn thng tin t quan trng hn, v thng ng u cu. As I was driving to work, I saw him walking down the street. Mnh When v While c th ng u hoc cui cu I was having a bath when the telephone rang. While they were having a nap, somebody broke into the house. Cc hnh ng, s kin ko di, din ra ng thi While thng dng din t hai hnh ng ko di, xy ra cng mt thi imv ta c th dng th tip din hoc n gin While he was watching TV, I was working. He slept while I cooked supper. As cp n hai tnh hung tin trin v thay i cng nhau. Chng ta thng s dng thi n gin ca ng t As I get older, I get more optimistic. As he came into the room, all rose to their feet. When cp n tui tc v cc giai on ca cuc sng His parents died when he was ten. Cc hnh ng ngn din ra ng thi

Khi ni v hai hnh ng din ra ng thi trong mt thi gian ngn, chng ta thng s dng As v When As I opened my eyes, I saw a strange sight. Mnh gin lc Ta c th b ch ng v be sau when v while trong cc mnh gin lc Start when ready. (= Start when you are ready 1. Intransitive verb: (Vi), ni ng t, l nhng ng t c y ngha, n khng c danh t b ngha cho n. Nu cn t b ngha th n phi l mt trng t hay l mt trng ng S + Vi S + Vi + A Ex: She's crying. She's crying loudly. She's crying in her room. Transitive verb: (Vt), ngoi ng t, l nhng ng t i hi danh t b ngha cho n, ch i tng m hnh ng tc ng ln, i tng ny c gi l Object trong ting Anh 3. Monotransitive verb: l ngoi ng t ch c mt tn ng S + Vt + O Ex: I love her Lu : ch c ngoi ng t mi c cu b ng => She's loved by me 4. Ditransitive verb: l ngoi ng t i hi 2 tn ng - Mt tn ng c gi l tn ng trc tip (direct O: Od), l i tng b hnh ng tc ng ln. - Mt tn ng c gi l tn ng gin tip (indirect O: Oi), tha hng kt qu hnh ng mang li. S + Vt + Oi + Od S + Vt + Od + to/ for + Oi Khi tn ng gin tip c sau tn ng trc tip, th trc Oi phi c gii t to/ for (khng c quy tc), trong "to" ph bin hn "for" Ex: I send Mary a post card. I send a post card to Mary. (*)Khi c 2 tn ng u l i t, ta nn dng mu: S + Vt + Od + to/ for + Oi Ex: I send it to her - Mt s ng t dng vi to: send, give, teach, write, carry, lend, do * S + Vt + Oi + Od => S + Vt + Od + to + Oi - Mt s ng t dng vi for: buy, cook, keep, make, get, find, look for, do * S + Vt + Oi + Od => S + Vt + Od + for + Oi 5. Complextransitive verb: ngoi ng t phc hp, l ngoi ng ch hnh ng tc ng ln i tng khin cho i tng thay i v tr trong khng gian, hoc c/ mang thm mt tnh cht mi S + Vt + O + A S + Vt + O + Co (object complement: adi/ N) Ex: I put the money into my pocket. You must keep your hand clean. I consider him as my friend. I consider him to be my friend.

Mt s ng t thng gp: - elect + sb + st: bu ai lm g Ex: We elect him president. - call/ name: t tn ai l g Ex: I will name my daughter Nhung - keep + sb/ st + adj: gi ai / ci g c tnh cht Ex: You must keep your hand clean. - make + sb/ st + adj: lm cho ai/ ci g c tnh cht - regard + sb + as + N: coi ai, nh gi ai nh ci g - find + sb/ st: nhn thy ai/ ci g c tnh cht Source: http://my.opera.com/tonquyen/blog/basic- Good luck, :)
Tha ng t (ngoi ng t )L dng t lun lun lc no cng phi c mt tc t theo sau cho d nh cc bn c th ghi nh l tha ng t l ng t m lc no cng phi "tha " theo n mt tc t v d : I like it (ti thch n ) Ta khng th ni : I like (ti thch )ri ngng li Mt s ng t lun l tha ng t l: Allow (cho php ) Blame (trch c , li ) Enjoy (thch th ) Have (c ) Like (thch) Need (cn ) Name (t tn ) Prove (chng t ) Remind (nhc nh ) Rent (cho thu ) Select (la chn ) Wrap (bao bc ) Rob (cp ) Own (n ) Greet (cho ) ...... ex: I rent (sai) I rent a car (ng ) + Cc ng t lun l t ng t ( ni ng t ) Faint(ngt ) Hesitate (do d) Lie (ni di ) Occur (xy ra ) Pause (dng li ) Rain (ma ) Remain (cn li ) Sleep (ng ) ..... I remain a book (sai) I lie him (sai) I lie (ng ) + cc ng t va l tha ng t va l t ng t Answer (tr li )

Ask (hi ) Help (gip ) Read (c ) Touch (s ) Wash (ra ) Write (vit ) ..... v d : I read a book. (ng ) I read .( cng ...ng lun ) chc chn v cch s dng chng bn nn tra t in ,nu thy ghi l : v.t(ch v l vit tt ca ch transitive ) l l tha ng t cn ghi l v.i (ch i l vit tt ch intransitive ): t ng t

Ni ng t din t hnh ng ni ti ca ngi ni hay ngi thc hin hnh ng. Examples: - He walks. (Anh y i b - Anh y t i ch khng phi l do ngi hay vt khc tc ng) - Birds fly. (Chim bay - Con chim t bay theo bn nng ch khng do ngi hay vt tc ng) Ni ng t khng cn c tn ng trc tip i km. Nu c th phi c gii t i trc v cm t ny s ng vai tr trng ng ch khng phi l tn ng trc tip. Examples: - She walks in the garden. - Birds fly in the sky. 2. Ngoi ng t Ngoi ng t din t hnh ng gy ra trc tip ln ngi hoc vt. Example: The cat killed the mouse. Ngoi ng t lun cn thm yu t bn ngoi l mt danh t hay i t theo sau hon thnh ngha ca cu. Danh (i) t i theo sau ngoi ng t l tn ng trc tip. Trong cu trn chng ta khng th ni The cat killed ri dng li c m phi c the mouse i km theo sau. The mouse l tn ng trc tip ca killed. 3. S phn chia thnh ni ng t v ngoi ng t ch l tng i Mt s ng t c th lm ni ng t trong cu ny v lm ngoi ng t trong cu khc, ngha ca chng c th thay i. Hy xem cc v d sau: - The door openned. (Ca m) - ni ng t She opened the door. (C y m ca) - ngoi ng t - The bus stopped. (Chic xe but dng li) - ni ng t The driver stopped the bus. (Ti x dng xe but li) - ngoi ng t - The bell rings. (Chung ku) - ni ng t He rings the bells. (ng y rung chung) - ngoi ng t - The glass broke. (Cc v) - ni ng t The boy broke the glass. (Cu b lm v cc) - ngoi ng t - His lecture began at 8pm. (Bi ging ca ng ta bt u lc 8h ti) - ni ng t He began his work at 8pm. (Anh y bt u cng vic lc 8h ti) - ngoi ng t - The fire lit quickly. (La chy nhanh) - ni ng t I lit the fire. (Ti t la) - ngoi ng t - Flowers grow in their garden. (Hoa mc trong vn)- ni ng t They grow flowers in the garden. (H trng hoa trong vn) - ngoi ng t - Water boils at 100 degree. (Nc si 100 C) - ni ng t Mary boiled the water for the tea. (Mary un si nc pha tr) - ngoi ng t

Love means you never have to say you are sorry!

Phn bit ni ng t v ngoi ng t

WEDNESDAY, 7. JANUARY 2009, 05:04:00

1. Ni ng t

Ni ng t din t hnh ng ni ti ca ngi ni hay ngi thc hin hnh ng.

Examples: - He walks. (Anh y i b - Anh y t i ch khng phi l do ngi hay vt khc tc ng) - Birds fly. (Chim bay - Con chim t bay theo bn nng ch khng do ngi hay vt tc ng)

Ni ng t khng cn c tn ng trc tip i km. Nu c th phi c gii t i trc v cm t ny s ng vai tr trng ng ch khng phi l tn ng trc tip.

Examples: - She walks in the garden. - Birds fly in the sky. 2. Ngoi ng t

Ngoi ng t din t hnh ng gy ra trc tip ln ngi hoc vt.

Example: The cat killed the mouse.

Ngoi ng t lun cn thm yu t bn ngoi l mt danh t hay i t theo sau hon thnh ngha ca cu. Danh (i) t i theo sau ngoi ng t l tn ng trc tip.

Trong cu trn chng ta khng th ni The cat killed ri dng li c m phi c the mouse i km theo sau. The mouse l tn ng trc tip ca killed. 3. S phn chia thnh ni ng t v ngoi ng t ch l tng i Mt s ng t c th lm ni ng t trong cu ny v lm ngoi ng t trong cu khc, ngha ca chng c th thay i. Hy xem cc v d trong bng sau:

Ni ng t Ngoi ng t The door openned. (Ca m) She opened the door. (C y m ca) The driver stopped the bus. (Ti x dng xe The bus stopped. (Chic xe but dng li) but li) The bell rings. (Chung ku) He rings the bells. (ng y rung chung) The boy broke the glass. (Cu b lm v The glass broke. (Cc v) cc) His lecture began at 8pm. (Bi ging ca ng He began his work at 8pm. (Anh y bt u ta bt u lc 8h ti) cng vic lc 8h ti) The fire lit quickly. (La chy nhanh) I lit the fire. (Ti t la) Flowers grow in their garden. (Hoa mc They grow flowers in the garden. (H trng trong vn) hoa trong vn) Water boils at 100 degree. (Nc si 100 Mary boiled the water for the tea. (Mary un C) si nc pha tr)

Mt khc, nhiu ni ng t c th c tn ng ly (cognate object); l nhng tn ng c cng hnh thc vi ng t.

Mary laughed a merry laugh. (Mary n n ci vui v) The old man lived a happy life. (ng lo hng mt cuc sng hnh phc) The little boy slept a sound sleep. (Ch b ng mt gic ngon)
Ngoi ra, mt s ngoi ng t li c dng nh ni ng t, trong ch t khng lm ch hnh ng trong cu. Example: The books sell well. (Sch bn chy). [Thay v ni: They sell the books well]

[to laugha laugh] [to livea life] [to sleepa sleep]