UTILIZATION OF BETEL LEAF EXTRACT

AS BIOLARVASIDE IN EXTERMINATE
MOSQUITO LARVAE

Ahmad Dzulfkri Almufti Asyhar1, Ainur Rofiqi2, Setyaningrum Tri Wulandari3, Shinta Amrul
Khoirina4
Department of Biology, Faculty of Mathematics and Natural Sciences
Universitas Negeri Malang
Malang, Indonesia
1
dzulfikri8@gmail.com, 2ainurrofiqi1999@gmail.com, 3wulansetya97@gmail.com,
4
shintaamrul@gmail.com.

Abstract---The transition from the randomized design consisting of 7

rainy sesasons to druy or vice versa
makes mosquito larvae are growing. This
maakes Dengue Hemorrhagic Fever (
DHF ) also increase. Insecticides are used
for control Aedes aegypti mosquito
(DHF) uses conventional insecticide
considered very effective, quickly known
the result and without seeing the imlact
environment. Therefore it is necessary to
look for insectocidee from plant
environmentaly friendly, easy to obtain
and efective in killing dengue mosquito
vectors. One of them is by using betel
plants in the environment settlement to
become a insecticide from plant. The
purpose of this study is to find out wheter
betel leaf (Piper bettle) can be used as a
estract to eradicate mosquito larvae,
analyze the effect of administration betel
leaf extract (Piper bettle) to the
percentage og mortality of mosquito
larvae, and knowing the ideal variation
to be used as a formula in exterminating
moaquito larvae. The method used in this
study is the method laboratory
expeeiment in Completely Randomizwd
Design (CRD) or a completely
treatments and 1 control with repeated
three times. The result showed (1) leaves
betel can be used as an alternative to
making biolarvasida because of betel
leaves containing native ingredients
phenol and cavocal (2) increasing
concentration whic is used the toxic
compouns are poisons thet enter body
the rest larvae will disrupted and
ultimately causes mortality (3) variations
with a concentration of 40 ml/100 or 40%
is an ideal variation with value the
percentage of mosquito larvae martality
is 100%.
Keyword--- Biolarvasida, Betel
leaves, Extract and Mosquito
I. Introduction
Mosquitoes are vector or infector of
several dangerous and deadly diseseas for
humans, such as dengue fever (Aedes
aegypti L.), malaria (Anopheles), and
filariasis (Culex quinquefasciatus
Say).World Health Organization note
filariasis in Indonesia spread almost all
provincies. According survey in 2000 as
many 1553 village in 647 local goverment
clinic spread in 231 regency 26 provincies
as endemic (Ambarita,2006).
The existence of Aedes aegypti larvae
in an area is an indicator of the presence of
Aedes aegypti mosquito populations in the
area. Combating dengue disease
experienced a fairly complex problem, the
best way to prevent this disease is to
eradicate mosquito larvae penularnya or
known as mosquito eradication of dengue
hemorrhagic fever [1].
Efforts to increase the number of free
mosquito larvae that are still below the
target by increasing the PSN on a variety of
appropriate activities that further enhance
the cleaning action of mosquito breeding
sites by society [2].
One of the ways to control the mosquito
larvae can be done at this stage. Control of
mosquito larvae that had been frequently
used is control chemically, by using
chemical substances. It can suppressvector
population quickly. However, controlin this
way when dilakukan repeatedly ineffective
because it can lead to resistance to the
larvae, larval mortality for predatory
animals and environmental pollution.
Biological control of larvae safer to do.
Biological control against mosquito larvae
can use other organisms, such as bacteria
and fungi[3].
Insecticides are used to control the
mosquito Aedes aegypti (dengue) using
Peritroid class of insecticides, carbamates
and Organophospat because it is considered
very effective, quickly know the results and
without looking at the environmental
impact. The rapid advancement of
technology, it is known their insect vectors
resistant to synthetic insecticides and
environmental pollution as well as to turn
off other organisms (non-target)[4].
Indonesia has many different types
of plants and has been used by many people
for a variety of purposes, one of them as an
active ingredient for the development of
plant-based insecticides as an alternative to
chemical insecticides. Therefore, it is
necessary to search for plant-based
insecticides are environmentally friendly,
easy to obtain and effectively kill mosquito
vectors of dengue. One of them using betel
plants that exist in the residential
neighborhood to be a vegetable insecticide.
Those efforts include making biolarvasida
by extracting the betel plant that has
potential as vegetable and test insecticides
against mosquito larvae[5].
II. METHOD
The research used one shoot experiment
case study at the researchers house in
ngeboyongan village, sub-district of
Pakistan. The samples are piper battle and
mosquito larvae. The technique used in
taking samples was quotes sampling with
the date analyses used are a mean and
standard deviation and analysis of variance
(ANOVA). Because with this method we
can find out wheter there are differences
between groups. The groups here means
type of treatment.
 III. RESULT
After doing research for 12 hours, the final result shown in the table below:

Table 3.1 Observations

Concentra total total Mortality Averag Average

tion Flick Flick (%) e Mortalit
Extract Life/ Dead / deat y
Betel leaf repeat Deuteronomy h (%)
(Ml) Flick
I II III IV I II III IV I II III IV
100: 0 28 28 28 28 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
100: 15 2 5 5 7 26 23 23 21 93 82 82 75 23:25 83
100: 20 4 6 3 3 24 22 25 25 86 78 89 89 24 85.5
100: 25 6 4 2 4 22 24 26 24 78 86 93 86 24 85.5
100: 30 5 3 4 3 23 25 24 25 82 89 86 89 24.25 86.5
100: 35 4 3 3 2 24 25 25 26 86 89 89 93 25 89.25
100: 40 0 0 0 0 28 28 28 28 100 100 100 100 28 100

3.2 Discussion and will not pollute the

3.2.1 Daun Sirih (Piper bettle) Can
Used As Extract to Eradicate
Mosquitoes Flick
Betel leaves can be used as
an extract to kill mosquito larva.
The ability of betel leaf in
eradicating the mosquito
jentikjentik is because of betel
leaf contains the active ingredient
phenol and kavokal. Plants that
grow vines on this other tree,
containing oil fly (betlephenol),
starch, seskuiterpen, sugar,
diatase and tanning substances
and kavokal who has the ability to
kill germs, antioxidants, anti-
fungal, and fungicides. Use of
biolarvasida nature of the betel
leaves have a positive impact on
the environment including the
natural pesticides can decompose
environment if carried away by
the flow of water and enters into
the system water biota, do not cost
very much, and do not leave any
toxic residues[6].
3.2.2 Effect of Betel Leaf Extract
(Piper bettle) Percent Mortality
Against Mosquito Larva
Mortality is one of the variables as
indicators of toxicity of extracts
of betel leaf (Piper bettle) against
mosquito larvae. In this study, the
activity observed biolarvasida ie
for 12 hours. Time calculation
starts after insertion of mosquito
larvae into plastic cups. The
average value of mosquito larvae
mortality percentage is applied
with extracts of betel leaf (Piper
bettle) with 98% alcohol solvents
are presented in Table 4.2 below.
Table 3.2 Effect of Betel Leaf Extract (Piper bettle) Flick Mortality Against

Mosquitoes

Comparison of total Mortality Average Average

distilled water Flick (%) death Flick Mortality
and Dead / (%)
Extract Deuteronomy
Betel leaf
(Ml)
I II III IV I II III IV
100: 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
100: 15 26 23 23 21 93 82 82 75 23:25 83
100: 20 24 22 25 25 86 78 89 89 24 85.5
100: 25 22 24 26 24 78 86 93 86 24 85.5
100: 30 23 25 24 25 82 89 86 89 24.25 86.5
100: 35 24 25 25 26 86 89 89 93 25 89.25
100: 40 28 28 28 28 100 100 100 100 28 100

Based on table 3.2 above, it can concentration used, toxic toxic

be seen the potential of various compounds that enter the body of the
variations in the concentration of test larvae will accumulate more and
betel leaf extract (Piper bettle) in more so that the larval life activities
killing mosquito larvae. The increase are disrupted and ultimately cause
in the mortality rate of mosquito mortality.
larvae along with the increase in the
3.2.3 Ideal variations to be made as a
concentration of the solution from
formula in eradicating mosquito
betel leaf extract (Piper bettle),
larvae
namely the higher the concentration,
the higher the mortality rate of the Based on table 3.3 above it can

test larvae. This is in accordance be concluded that the ideal variation

with the opinion of Supartha (2008), to be used as a formula in eradicating

the concentration treatment shows mosquito larvae is a variation with a

that with increasing concentration ratio of 40 ml / 100 ml. In this

and treatment time it will increase variation the percentage percentage

the percentage of death of test larvae. of mosquito larvae is 100%. While

This is because with the increasing the ratio of 15: 100, 20: 100, 25: 100,
 30: 100, and 35: 100 is still
not effective if used as a mosquito
larvae biolarvasida, because the
percentage mortality rate at that
concentration has not reached
100%.
IV. CONCLUTION
The higher the betel leaf extract, more
effective it is in increasing the mortality
percentage of mosquito larvae. The most
ideal variation is variation with comparison
of 40/100 ml.
REFERENCES
[1] Yudhastuti, R & Vidiyani A. 2005.
Hubungan Kondisi Lingkungan, Kontainer,
dan Perilaku Masyarakat dengan
Keberadaan Jentik Nyamuk Aedes aegypti
di Daerah Endemis Demam Berdarah
Dengue Surabaya. Jurnal kesehatan
lingkungan. 1 (2): 170-182.
[2] Ardiyansyah, Wahdaningsih, S, &
Armyannti I. 2016 . Efektivitas Larvasida
Infusa daun Sirih terhadap Mortalitas
Larva Nyamuk Aedes aegypti. Jurnal
Cerebellum. 2(4) : 636-645.
[3] Borror DJ, Triplehorn CA, Johnson NF.
1996. Pengenalan Pelajaran Serangga
Edisi ke-6. S. Partosoedjono, penerjemah.
Yogyakarta: Gajahmada University Press.
Translation of: An Introduction to the
Study of Insect. Journal of Entomology. 3:
214-231
[4] Departemen Kesehatan R.I. 2005.
Rencana Strategi Departemen Kesehatan.
Jakarta : Depkes RI.
[5] Astriani, Y & Widawati, M. 2016. Potensi
Tanaman di Indonesia sebagai Larvasida
Alami untuk Aedes aegypti. Jurnal Biologi
Tumbuhan. 8(2) : 37-46.
[6] Kardinan, A. 2003. Tanaman pengusir dan
pembasmi nyamuk. Jurnal Kesehatan
Lingkungan. 2:2-5.