POLITICAL IDEOLOGIES

1. ANARCHISM
 A doctrine urging the abolition of government or
government restraint as the indispensable
condition for full social and political liberty.
 It means a society where there is no chief or
supreme leader and also in which everyone’s voice
has importance.
 The system of an anarchist government is based on
self-management, meaning that the community is
totally independent. It has to work by his own way.
 It is a full and direct democracy.
CHARACTERISTICS OF ANARCHISM:
 Rejection of authority in all of its forms
 Belief in self-management as a foundation
of social life and starting point of
democracy
 Rejection of hierarchy
 Belief in volunteerism
 Freedom and individual rights
 Elimination of any distinction between
rulers and ruled
 Transparency and legitimacy of decisions
 Affirmation of the ability of humans to
organize themselves without a leader
2. LIBERALISM
 An ideology which central theme is about commitment
to the individual, desire to construct a society where
people can satisfy their interests and achieve
fulfillment.
 Forwards the idea that individuals are naturally
endowed with reason and as such, be allowed to enjoy
the maximum possible freedom.
 It gives emphasis on merit.
 It revolves around the twin principles of
constitutionalism and consent.
CENTRAL VALUES OF LIBERALISM:
 Individualism
 Freedom
 Reason
 Justice
 Toleration
 Constitutionalism
5. FASCISM
 It is a very harsh control or authority from
government (dictator) in which people are not
allowed to disagree with the government.
CHARACTERISTICS:
 It banned opposition parties, trade
unions and elections
 Opposed to democracy & liberalism
 Use of intimidation and terror
 State believes in war, natural selection,
survival of the fittest
 Imperialistic and militaristic
 Authoritarian rule
 Violence is used to deal with resistance
FEDERALISM
 A system of government in which power is
divided between a central authority and various
constituent units of the country
 Government at the level of provinces/states.
FEATURES OF FEDERALISM:
 Has two/more levels of government
 Each level has its own power or jurisdiction
 Jurisdiction is specified by the constitution
and there is constitutional guarantee of
authority
 Constitutional provisions can be changed
only with the consent of both levels of
Govt.
 Court interprets the constitutions and
powers of different levels of Govt. ,
Supreme court is the umpire if disputes
arise with different levels of Govt.
 Sources of revenue are clearly specified.
OBJECTIVES:
1. To safeguard/ promote the unity of the country.
2. To accommodate regional diversity.

3. CONSERVATISM
 The preservation of the status quo or the current state-
of-affairs
 Gives more importance to the tried and tested
traditions of the past generations than to the new
system of the present period.
 Basic principles include political order, nationalism,
morality, and loyalty
 Elite are the rightful and deserving leaders of the
government and other institution of society
 Places importance on morality
KEY TENETS OF OCNSERVATISM:
 Tradition
 Human Imperfection
 Organic Society
 Hierarchy and Authority
 Property

4. SOCIALISM
 An economic system that is characterized by the
centralized planning of major industries and by public
ownership
 Everyone gets somewhat equal amounts of money, but
the harder you work the more money you get.