A

TECHNICAL REPORT

ON

STUDENT INDUSTRIAL WORK EXPERIENCE SCHEME (SIWES)

UNDERTAKEN AT

BOLD SPACE CONSULTs , KATSINA, KATSINA STATE

BY

SULAIMAN YUSUF SADA

Reg No: EES/16/QSv/00275

SUBMITTED TO
THE DEPARTMENT OF QUANTITY SURVEYING
FACULTY OF EARTH AND ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE
BAYERO UNIVERSITY KANO (B. U. K), KANO STATE
IN PARTIAL FULFILMENT OF THE REQUIREMENTS FOR
THE AWARD OF BACHELOR OF SCIENCE IN
QUANTITY SURVEYING

JANUARY ,2020
 DEDICATION

This report is dedicated to my beloved parents for their unconditional love and support
and to the family, guardians and sponsors who support me through my endeavors in life.
ACKNOWLEDGEMENT

Thanks be to Allah (SWA) for his guidance and grace throughout my life, also esteem
appreciation goes to my beloved parents.

My gratitude also goes to the H. O. D and the entire lecturers of the quantity surveying
department, special thanks to Bold space consult for their guidance and contributions towards my
educational pursuit and to all those that support me in life.
 SUMMARY

The Student Industrial Work Experience Scheme (SIWES), also known as Industrial
Training is a compulsory Skills Training Programme designed to expose and prepare students of
Nigerian Universities, Polytechnics, Colleges of Education, Colleges of Technology and
Colleges of Agriculture, for the industrial work situation they’re likely to meet after
graduation.The scheme also affords students the opportunity of familiarizing and exposing
themselves to the needed experience in handling equipment and machinery that are usually not
available in their institution.This technical report is based on the experience that I gained during
my six month I. T at Bold spaces consults Ltd. This report highlights the quantity surveying
practice the student participated in during the Industrial Training with subject areas including
Contract administration, Cost management, project management, measurement, human relation
management etc. I was privileged to experience some aspect of the versatile nature of the
construction industry by having opportunity to inter -relate with both the client organisation and
the contractors as well, so also participated in both Government and private construction
projects. This sections has exposed me to the safety precautions, rules and regulation, Constraints
etc. that revolves around the construction Project, and most importantly it explain knowledge /
Experience gained during the Industrial Training and also it states the problems encountered and
give Recommendations /suggestions for improvement.
 TABLE OF CONTENTS

Title page.

Acknowledgement

Dedication

Summary

CHAPTER ONE : BACKGROUND

1.1 About SIWES

1.2 Objectives of SIWES

CHAPTER TWO

2.1 Brief Description of Bold Space Consult

2.2 Major areas of Engagement /Service of Establishment

2.3 Organizational Structure of the Establishment

2.4 Various Units of the Establishment and their Function

CHAPTER THREE

3.1 Measurement/estimating of building works and Services

3.2 variations

3.4 Cost Management

3.5 Contract Administration

3.6

CHAPTER FOUR

4.1 Conclusion and Recommendations

4.2 Benefits/Knowledge gained from SIWES

4.3 Major problems encountered during the I. T

4.4 Suggestions for the improvement of the I. T scheme

BACKGROUND

The Student Industrial Work Experience Scheme (SIWES), also known as Industrial
Training is a compulsory Skills Training Programme designed to expose and prepare students of
Nigerian Universities, Polytechnics, Colleges of Education, Colleges of Technology and
Colleges of Agriculture, for the industrial work situation they’re likely to meet after graduation.

The scheme also affords students the opportunity of familiarizing and exposing themselves to the
needed experience in handling equipment and machinery that are usually not available in their
institution.

Before the establishment of the scheme, there was a growing concern among industrialists, that
graduates of institutions of higher learning lacked adequate practical background studies
preparatory for employment in industries. Thus, employers were of the opinion that the
theoretical education in higher institutions wasn’t responsive to the needs of the employers of
labour.

SIWES introduction, initiation and design was done by the Industrial Training Fund (I.T.F) in
1993 to acquaint students with the skills of handling employer’s equipment and machinery.

The Industrial Training Fund (I.T.F) solely funded the scheme during its formative years.
However, due to financial constraints, the fund withdrew from the Scheme in 1978.

The Federal Government, noting the significance of the skills training handed the management of
the scheme to both the National Universities Commission (N.U.C) and the National Board for
Technical Education (N.B.T.E) in 1979.

The management and implementation of the scheme was however reverted to the I.T.F by the
Federal Government in November, 1984 and the administration was effectively taken over by the
Industrial Training Fund in July 1985, with the funding solely borne by the Federal Government.
Objectives & Scope Of SIWES In Nigeria

1. SIWES provides the avenue for students in institutions of higher learning to acquire
industrial skills and experiences in their course of study.

2. Prepare the students for the industrial work situation they’re likely to meet after
graduation.

3. Expose students to work method and techniques in handling equipment and machinery
that may not be available in their institutions.

4. Make the transition from school to the world of work easier and enhance students contact
for later job placement.

5. SIWES provides students with an opportunity to apply their knowledge in real work
situations thereby bridging the gap between theory and practice.

6. Enlist and strengthens Employers involvement in the entire educational process and
prepare students for employment after graduation.

Reference :Mcfidel Onyemauwa In SIWES basics , Jan 20, 2019

 CHAPTER TWO

2.1 Background of Bold Space Ltd

BOLD SPACES Ltd is a multidisciplinary consulting firm that deals with design, construction
and facility management of any building magnitudes. The firm was registered with corporate
Affairs commission having registration number: BN 987431. The firm’s main objective is
providing excellent construction techniques and services in the Nigerian Building Construction
industry among others.

Furthermore the firm is a collection of different individuals talents harmonized together with the
aim of producing excellent designers’ products of verities of field of studies, ranging from
Architectural, Engineering, Interior Deco, Town Planning, Landscaping and Building
Construction capabilities among others.

MISSION OF THE COMPANY

BOLD SPACES LTD being a construction firm has a mission that aims at providing the highest
possible standard of quality services in the construction industry, information technology, supply
industries and general purchasing in the best possible way just to satisfy the company customer.
VISION

To establish long term relationship of value with our esteem clients and partners by utilizing
quality standard and enhanced solutions and employing latest techniques and best resources.

To be a leading provider of quality services and solutions in Nigeria.

CORPORATE FACTS BOLD SPACES LTD.

Bold Spaces Ltd is a company limited by shares, incorporated on the 18 th day of October, 2011
with its corporate head office in Abuja and branch in Katsina, the Company has a staff strength
of six and this is envisage to grow in the next few years. The ownership of the business which
was initially a 90% to 10% share structure between three people has grown to accommodate
other investors who have physical, mental and financial resources to improve the company.
Our Key patronage comes from the Government and Government Agencies/Ministries,
Corporate organizations, unincorporated organizations and Private individuals.
Our key suppliers are local suppliers who also meet our needs in relevant areas where they have
the capacity to do so.
Fig 1; from right; Me, Architect faisal (C.E.O), Arc. Hussaina and Arc. Abul at Layout site, opp.
NIPCO filling station katsina.
Fig. 2 the clients & contractors representatives after a site meeting at Usman Danfodio juma’at
Mosque, modoji katsina. 2nd from left C.E.O Bold Spaces Consults.

2.3 ORGANISATIONAL STRUCTURE OF THE ESTABLISHMENT

2.4 VARIOUS UNITS OF THE ESTABLISHMENT AND THEIR FUNCTIONS

Bold Spaces Ltd is a member of the Fais-Haru Consults and Faynu Construction group of
consulting companies in which they work together as a team. Therefore by and large the 3 firms
are partners and working together as team.

Key Partners Firm:

1. Fais- Harus Consults
2. Bold Spaces Consultant
3. Faynu Construction
 CHAPTER THREE

3.1 DETAIILS OF ATVITIES UNDERTAKEN DURING THE INDUSTIAL

TRAINING

3.1.1 POJECTS THAT I PATRICIPATED IN DURING THE COURSE

SITE A
Location : Layout WTC road opp. NIPCON fuel station
Project title : Residential Development
Project requirements

 The development should be one building that can be separated into two separate and fully
functional residences, each having an individual and strong sense of entry.

 Both residences to have open plan living spaces and a kitchenette, dining and lounge area
- opening out onto a sun drenched outside living space

 Parking for 3 cars

 The two dwellings will have a communal meeting place (e.g. large kitchen/living)

 Spaces need to be: (1) bright and well ventilated & (2) sunny, warm and inviting in
winter and shaded, cool and protected in summer

 Both dwellings internal living spaces must interact easily with external Environment.

 All spaces need to multifunctional and not oversized

 The home will be modern in style - materials, roofs and proportions, but modern in
internal finishes

 The windows and doors will be an integral part of both dwellings, using Proper glassing
as required.

 The home's design in its entirety will have a 'classic' and 'nurturing' feel
Dwelling one requirements (ground floor)

 Two bedrooms

 One guest bathroom

 Sunny open plan living - opening onto the main outside living space

 Basic kitchen

 Dining space and lounge area

 Fold-away laundry

 Physical connection to shared kitchen/living/dining area

Dwelling two requirements (first floor)

 Communal living/dining area

 Three bedrooms

 Private outside living space/balcony

 One bathroom that Can comfortably be accessed by guests

SITE B

Location : Usman Dan fodio Juma’at mosque opp. New Government House, Modoji katsina.

Project title; REHABLITATION AND UPGRADING OF USMAN DAN FODIO JUMA'AT

MOSQUE
Project requirements
 The scope include the construction of 1 no. female mosque, 4 no. Toilets and ablution
units.
 includes the conversion, arrangement or rearrangement of existing spaces or the
expansion of facilities or buildings.
 Distinctive materials, features, finishes and construction techniques e.g (minerat) or
examples of craftsmanship that characterize the property will be preserved.
 New additions and adjacent or related new construction will be undertaken in such a
manner that, if removed in the future, the essential form and integrity of the historic
property and its environment would be unimpaired.

3.1 Measurement/Estimating

The measurement aspect performed by me was measuring/valuing actual executed works,

variations as will be explained later

The reinforcement rate in the originally sanctioned B.O.Q was found with some error due to (
see reasons in under cost management heading,..) among others, and thus measurement of
the actual cost of execution was carried out, and the initial estimated/budgeted cost which
was N330 was increased to N329 see attached.

See site plan and the baseline cost estimate below.

 CONSULTANT

F H
ARCHITECT,
PLANNERS
AND PROJECT
MANAGER'S
FAI-HARUS
CONSULTANT
08069448825

DESIGN BY PROPOSED REHABLITATION AND UPGRADING OF CLIENT USMAN DAN

FAI-HARUS USMAN DAN FODIO JUMA'AT MOSQUE FODIO JUMA'AT
CONSULTANT MOSQUE
08069448825
BUILD BY
FAI-HARUS
CONSULTANT LOCATION MODOJI KATSINA, KATSINA STATE. Drg. Title
08069448825

SUBSTRUCTURE
Concrete Work

Reinforced insitu concrete

Vibrated Concrete grade 25 in:

A Foundation m3 12 564,00
47,000.00 0.00
611,00
B Column bases m3 13
47,000.00 0.00
141,00
D Column m3 3
47,000.00 0.00
C 150mm thick bed m2 338 2,382,90
7,050.00 0.00
Reinforcement
-
High yield deformed bars to BS
4449 in
column bases and column
(provisional)
159,72
D 16mm ditto Kg 484
330.00 0.00
D 12mm ditto Kg 597 197,01
330.00 0.00
Plain round mild steel bars to BS
4449 in beams and columns
etc(provisional)
E 10mm diameter stirrups and links Kg 131 43,23
330.00 0.00
BRC steel fabric reinforcement to
BS 4483 ref. A193 weighing
3.02kg/m2 laid and lapped in
accordance with manufacturer's
instructions in:
F Bed m2 338 439,40
1,300.00 0.00
 The copy of the variation valuation attached, was submitted to the management for decision
making.

Contract Administration
Contract administration involves all activities related to the monitoring of suppliers, contractors
and service providers’ performance in the fulfillment of their contractual obligations, and to
ensure appropriate actions are taken to promptly remedy any deficiencies observed in contract
implementation, scope or terms and conditions.
The procuring entity would usually appoint staff members or, preferably a team of qualified
individuals, to take the responsibility of administering the contract. It is the responsibility of the
Contract Administrator to perform the obligations and duties of the procuring entity specified in
the contract and to ensure the suppliers, contractors and service providers implement the contract
in accordance with its terms and conditions. Nonetheless, the supplier, contractor or services
provider, has the primary responsibility to ensure that the goods, works or services meet the
required standards and to advise on the need for any changes as a result of constraints faced
during contract implementation.
Contract Administration generally concludes with a final inspection and acceptance of the goods,
works or services prior to the completion date or termination of the contract. The inspection and
verification, prior to acceptance, should ensure as a minimum that:

1. The correct quantity has been received,

2. The goods, works or services meet the technical standards defined in the contract,

3. Any variations to the contract are well documented and accounted for,

4. The goods, works or services have been delivered or completed on time, or that any
delay has been noted and appropriate actions taken as indicated in the contract, and

5. All required manuals or documentation have been received.

The contract implementation phase is very important because it is where the results of the
procurement process are obtained and the requesting entity is in a position to finally receive the
expected benefits of their procurement request. Without contract award and effective contract
implementation, the objectives for initiating the procurement process cannot be attained. The
supplier, contractor or service provider has the responsibility of performing the contract in
accordance with its terms and conditions to meet all the technical and quality standards. The
procuring entity also has the responsibility of complying with the terms and conditions of the
contract; especially the obligation of ensuring payments are made on time.
From the above explanations we can say that the student has been involved in some of the
contract administration activities, e.g., progress reports, inspections, monitoring scope etc.

3.2 VARIATIONS

Variations under the contract are changes to the scope of the work or conditions under which the
work is carried out to the extent that terms in the contract provide for such changes. The term
‘Variation’ is often used generically in the construction industry but contracts differ in their
definition of the term. Indeed, some contracts use other terms such as Change, or ‘Alteration.
Such widespread generic usage of the term ‘Variation’ sometimes leads to confusion, and often
leads both to abuse of the power to vary works, and to unwarranted high expectation of payment
amongst contractors.
are commercially low or high A frequent cause of dispute is the rate in the Bill which the
Contractor realizes during the contract, was entered in error. Sometimes the rate is patently
inadequate; sometimes it is simply a bit high or low.
JCT 05 defines variation as alteration or modification of the design, quality or Quantity of the
works as shown upon the contract drawings and described by on referred to in contract bills
including
 Addition, Omission or substitution of the works
 Alteration of the kind of standard of any material or goods to be used
 Removal from the site of any works executed, materials or goods that are not in
accordance with the contract
 Alteration to Obligations and restrictions imposed on the contractor

Based on the projects I participated in, there was;

Variation in cost of reinforcement works (high yield bas) as against the original bill for the site A
project (proposed Rehabilitation and upgrading usman dan fodio juma’at mosque)
So also there was Alteration /omission to the front façade of the proposed residential
development (Building A) , among others . the initial plan is attached at back page, see the
altered current approved plan.

3.2 Cost Management

Cost Management can be defined as organization and coordination of cost related activities a
company or an entrepreneur undertakes in producing a product, rendering services or execution
of a project with a view to ensuring that cost incurred do not unnecessarily exceed Predicted
cost. Cost management include activities such as planning, estimating, budgeting, financing,
funding, managing, and controlling costs so that the product or project can be completed within
approved budget. Cost management benefit of timely detection of unauthorized cost deviation
was reaped as in the case of site B (see site B above) among others.
Project cost management is the process of estimating, allocating, and controlling costs in a
project, PCM involves calculating and approving expected cost of a project while the project is
still at the planning stage, while recording /monitoring expenses incurred in executing the project
with a view to ensuring that the expenses are in accordance with the cost management plan.
However, as the project plan is executed, expenses are documented and tracked with a view to
ensuring that expenses remain within the cost management plan. This process enables monitoring
and reporting project expenses and controlling Instance of overspending.
3.2.1 Cost Control
During the execution of a project, procedures for project control and record keeping become
indispensable tools to managers and other participants in the construction process. These tools
serve the dual purpose of recording the financial transactions that occur as well as giving
managers an indication of the progress and problems associated with a project. Project control
procedures are primarily intended to identify deviations from the project plan rather than to
suggest possible areas for cost savings. This characteristic reflects the advanced stage at which
project control becomes important.
Cost control is the process of controlling deviations from estimated project costs and monitoring
risks and contingencies associated with changes. Overruns in particular cost categories signal the
possibility of problems and give an indication of exactly what problems are being encountered.
As a result of cost management application we were able to identify a significant cost overrun as
regards to the reinforcement works rate which was N330 ( baseline estimate) in the authorized
B. O. Q while the actual cost of executing the works deviated by additional N29/kg (difference),
valued at N359. The cause of the cost overrun is related to Deficiencies and inaccuracies in
estimates among others. One of the preventive measures is to have effective cost planning and
have adequate financial provision.
3.2.2 Cost Monitoring
Cost monitoring aspect tracks expenditure being incurred in executing a project, compares it with
budgeted expenditure, identify variances, reason for variances and recommend possible control
measures. Due to the application of cost monitoring and control the variance and overruns
explained in this report were being identified, the quality of estimate (initial) determined (e.g.
found out to be with error) . At site B, during my IT there was a variation (addition) to the
original scope of the project (rehabilitation and extension works subjected to a lot of variations)
by introducing a ground beam (see picture below) as result of Poor ground conditions , the
ground beam span b/w the columns at the steps and those at the perimeter of the main
building to overcome failure and support the slab that will be casted on top. The
introduction of the ground beam as a variation also impact on the cost of the project. The factors
that enhance this effective monitoring includes regular meetings on development of the
project and presence of competent contractors, consultants and efficient contract
administration among others.

During my I. T, I also participated in writing of cost and work progress records and reports
which also can be used to control costs,. Se the example of progress report attached

VALUE ENGINEERING
Essentially, VE is a systematic approach to eliminate any unnecessary cost of an item that does
not add to its required function. It does not simply reduce cost by using cheaper substitutes or
lesser quantities. Instead, its methodology centers on the following questions: What must it do?
What alternative material or method can perform the same function equally well? This is
function analysis: the principal component in VE. Thus, in a construction project, VE involves
analyzing the functional requirements of components, subsystems, and even construction
methods. The other aspects of VE are cost and worth. Total cost is the objective to be
minimized in any value engineering exercise, while worth represents the minimum costs to
achieve the required functions. Worth forms the means for generating alternatives and serves as
the baseline against which various alternatives can be compared. Any reduction in unnecessary
cost represents the savings achieved.
Methodology
The formal approach for value engineering is often referred to as the job plan. The VE job plan
comprises several phases. Generally, although there are possible variations, the following five
form the essence of the job plans.
1.Information phase — Getting the facts
2.Speculation phase — Brainstorming for alternatives
3.Analysis phase — Evaluating the alternatives
4.Development phase — Developing the program
5.Recommendation phase — Selling the recommendations.
As in the case of the ground beam, when we apply value engineering, we figure out at the
analysis stage that it’s safe and economically feasible to approve the ground beam rather than
introduce another alternative. The criteria considered are includes cost, safety in installation, time
and ease of installation, durability against further differential settlement, and safe materials.
So also in the case of site B, at the commencement of the project, the initial plan was to connect
the proposed Building walls with that of the existing structure, but the idea was ruled out after
considering VE. Value analysis is a systematic and creative method to improve competitiveness.
It is aimed at satisfying user needs by means of a specific procedure for invention (or
modification) which is functional (the purpose), economic (what it costs), and multidisciplinary
(how). In other words, value analysis identifies the activities necessary for a process to develop
a product or service, and finds the most economical way to accomplish it. This method permits
the effective identification of that part of process cost which does not contribute to ensure
process quality.
concept of constructability arises from the recognition that construction is not merely a
production function that is separated from engineering design, but their integration can result in
significant savings and better project performance. Construction input in design can resolve
many design related difficulties during construction, such as those arising from access
restrictions and incompatible design and construction. During my I. T , I was also introduced to
•Modularization and Preassembly — These will simplify field operations because the large
number of parts have been modularized or preassembled, and are usually under conditions that
can provide better control. Focus instead is given to delivery, lifting, and assembly in the field.
See model and on site construction below;
Erected on site

Reference ; Value improvement methods. By David K.H chua

Provisional sum
A Provisional Sum is simply an amount of money established by the Employer, which he
requires the Contractor to include in his Tender to cover the cost of a designated risk. The risk
often relates to a section of work, such as a gatehouse or excavation in rock, which could not be
measured or described in the Bills for want of design detail or extent. When an item is
sufficiently designed as to be able to provide such details as location, construction, quantity and
extent it can be included as a ‘Provisional Sum for defined work’. In compliance with the
Standard Method of Measurement. 58 However, when a risk is unidentifiable – such as
provision to cover contingencies, or the unquantifiable risk of finding rock in the excavations –
 a sum may be included as a reserve in the form of a ‘Provisional Sum for undefined work’ . Save
for affecting allowance in respect of time related costs, adjustment of the two types of
Provisional Sum is the same. When the work or the risk can be properly valued, the sum is
omitted and replaced by the proper calculated value. The method of calculation is the same in
principle as for any other Variation.
The provisional sum of concrete drilling to cast column bases was later valued and forwarded to
management as required. The variation arises as a result of unforeseen circumstances.

Human resource management in construction

Introduction

Human resource management (HRM) is the process of managing people within an organisation.
In construction, HRM is primarily concerned with ensuring that a project has sufficient human
resources, with the correct skill-sets and experience, for the project to be successfully completed.

HR managers have to be able to identify and document project roles and responsibilities, and
develop a plan describing the end-to-end processes that will be required on a project (or series
of projects) in order to determine its human resource requirements.

Some of the aspects of the human resources management introduced was the workforce
planning, communication, among others.

 Workforce planning.

.. Traditionally, workforce management in construction was equivalent to living a boom-to-

bust cycle: hiring and firing followed the general trend of the economy. Winning the war for
talent, however, requires a fundamentally longer-term approach. The first step involves
strategic workforce planning: i.e. thinking strategically about the company’s future demand in
terms of quantity and quality of skills, and the likely availability of those skills, to
systematically plan recruitment, retention and training.

workforce challenge the industry faces is the shortage of skilled construction labor that’s
now occurring. A recent World Economic Forum report warns how troublesome coming
employment trends might prove: the continuing volatility of workforce demand and
composition; the scarcity of skilled labour, driven by demographic shifts; and the demand for
new and broader skill sets at all levels, driven by surging technology. The workforce may work
long hours, claim high travel expenses, have different nationalities and working cultures, and
so on Recruitment and selection of temporary and permanent staff as required..
 The labor shortage delays projects and drives up prices, which hurts every sector of the
industry—from high-rise developers to home builders

 Communicating with employees.

Communication is an essential skill in every industry. In construction, it is especially important

since the stakes on a worksite can be higher than they are in a boardroom or behind a desk. In
fact, one in every 10 construction workers are injured every year.
If communication on a construction site fails, not only can it potentially cause problems and
delays for the project, but it can also result in damage to equipment or property or, in the worst
case, injury or death to members of your crew.
Consequences of Miscommunication in Construction
Communication failures happen in construction all the time despite being essential to completing
any task. Dynamic Signal’s 2019 State of Employee Communication and Engagement
Study found that 36 percent of employees were in an unsafe situation because of poor
communication.
The Study also went on to report the following about employees:
 80 percent felt stressed because of inefficient communication within their company.
 36 percent don’t know where to find the information they need to complete their
work.
 63 percent are prepared to quit because they are frustrated with the way their company
communicates.
Miscommunication errors aren’t just inconvenient — they’re also expensive. A 2018 study by
the consultancy group FMI Corp found that miscommunication cost the construction industry
$177 billion each year. The high costs are a result of the time spent on tasks like finding project
information and resolving conflicts.
Bold Space consults has a clear chain of command and use technology to their advantage e.g.
using drones and WhatsApp group e. t. c amongst others to improve Communication.

Some of the most important communication skills in construction include:

 Writing clearly
 Drawing clearly
  Avoiding jargon
 Taking accurate measurements
 Active listening

 Managing employee payroll.

Record keeping of pay cheques and laborers daily wages

Risk

The volatility and capriciousness of the environment in the construction industry was never
hidden from anyone. It’s easily influenced by external factors (technical, design, logistics,
physical, operating, environmental, socio-political, force majeure et cetera) which are capable of
not only derailing projects but can also create an irreparable aberration.

Risk management, therefore, becomes a pivotal instrument that helps us deal with the culling out
of various risks, their analyses, and the remedial steps that could be taken to avert them in a
particular project. The type of risk being exposed to was the construction related risk were there
was a case of a collapsed substructure wall which was identified by expert opinion as a result of
not backfilling the external face of the masonry wall whilst filling to make up level was
underway, thus, the earth pressure coupled with the hydrostatic pressure of the earth force the
wall to crack. See definition below.

Note: it was during rainy season

Construction-related risks

Failure of logistics, labor disputes, design changes, labor productivity, rush bidding, time-gap for
revision of drawings, shoddy work quality due to time constraints et cetera comprise the
construction-related risks.

Risk management process is nothing but a series of steps that help identify and migrate the risks
for the successful closure of a project. If done correctly and sincerely, construction risk
management will reduce not only the likelihood of an event occurring, but also the magnitude of
its impact.

In the simplest terms, Risk management process is taking preemptive actions to avoid and
minimize any kind of jeopardy to a project in future.

Other risk inherent in the construction Project include Financial risk, socio-political risk and
Environmental risk

CHAPTER FOUR
4.1 CONCLUSION
In conclusion, I benefited a lot During the field attachment in a way that the student managed to
apply the theoretical knowledge from the university into practice through the many
activities/tasks/assignments and guidance by the supervisors.
Finally, the I.T was interesting and therefore the student would encourage the SIWES
organization and the Universities to continue giving students this opportunity to do their
academic requirement of SIWES from their organization.

RECOMMENDATIONS
4.1.2 To the Organization
 Facilitation; The management of Bold Spaces Consults should buy more facilities such as
computers, vehicles so as to enable smooth running of the company’s activities and respond to
the dynamic competition environment. So asked Health and Safety issues regarding workplace
and employees should one of the priorities in the firm as this will enhance efficient project
delivery.
 More opportunities to students to do I.T in their organization; The student would also
recommend the Organization to continue giving I. T placements to as many students as they can
because some miss this experience which is also important requirement of the University due to
the fact that they failed to get placements.
 Allowances, the organization should improve Their payment system to employees /workers.
Therefore, the student recommends the Organization to put that in to action in order to motivate
students and boost their productivity levels in performing their tasks during the field attachment.
 Job enlargement. The management of Bold spaces consults should also carry out job
enlargement and enrichment such that it mitigates the conflict amongst employees for roles and
tasks. This will ensure good industrial relations between the supervisors and subordinates at the
organization.
4.1.3 To the university,
 Constant supervision of students, the student recommends the university to carry out constant
supervision and monitoring of students during the internship training so as to encourage them to
perform the duties fully and also accurately. This will also put a close link between the academic
supervisors and the field supervisors so as to foster appropriate assessment of what the interns
are doing in the field.
 Secure I. T placements for students. The University should help students to secure internship
positions according to their respective programs undertaken at the University through giving
students recommendations in order to ease their training periods and also avoid the ache gotten
by students in search of internship placements
 Should continue with internship program, this is because it helps to prepare the students for
their careers in future and also enable the students to practice the theoretical knowledge obtained
during class be exercised practically. It also helps to develop students understanding of work
ethics, employment demands, responsibilities, opportunities and learn how to cope with the real
world.

4.2 PRECISE BENEFITS /KNOWLEDGE GAINED FROM THE INDUSRIAL

TRAINING

The student improved the skills and widen his horizon in subject areas of the profession such as
Measurement, Estimating, Cost control and monitoring, contract administration etc. so also, the
interpersonal skills, acting freely around people, accounting, recording, time management,
conflict, organizational skills to mention but a few.
The student learnt many lessons which included; how to Communicate efficiently among
employees, how the working environment runs, etc. The student got different ideas from the
different people (employees) at the Organization and also through interacting with other workers
from Area and this contributed a lot on the knowledge and experience.
4.3 Major problems encountered during the I. T
The problems encountered are few,
 Delay of works due to unavailability of whom to ask questions (the superiors are most likely
pre-occupied with meetings etc.) 4
 Sometimes the students are expected to do much than he knew

4.4 Suggestion for the improvement of the I. Scheme

Properly Planned SIWES, gather necessary information about the firm their students will be
sent to and inform such an information beforehand.
 SIWES orientation Program to the students
Incentives: This motivate the students on IT., because they perform certain duties and functions
that contribute to the growth of the organization in question
Workers of where students are sent to on industrial training should help facilitate the IT
programs of students.

Reference
– infoguidenigeria.com
RICS contract administration pdf
Value engineering basic concepts and methods pdf