Sample Problem:

Liquid – Propane
Critical Pressure (Pc) – 616.3 psia
Temperature - 70˚F
Upstream Pressure (P1) – 314.7 psia
Downstream Pressure (P2) – 289.7 psia
Specific Gravity – 0.5
Upstream and downstream Line size – 8 inch
Flow rate – 800 gpm
Vapor Pressure (PV) – 124.3 psia
Flow Characteristic – Equal Percentage
Valve type – Globe type
Valve Plug style – Cage Guided

Actual Pressure drop = P1-P2

= 314.7 – 289.7
= 25 psia

Pipe wall thickness (40 schedule): 8.18 mm

Upstream pipe outer diameter: 219.1 mm
Upstream pipe inside diameter D1: 219.1– 2*8.18 = 202.74 mm = 7.981 inches
Downstream pipe outer diameter: 219.1 mm
Downstream pipe inside diameter D2: 219.1– 2*8.18 = 202.74 mm = 7.981
inches

Guess Valve size: 2 inch, Estimated CV value = 59.7 and FL = 0.85

Calculate Piping geometry factor and Liquid Pressure recovery factor:
Piping geometry factor can be defined as:
−0.5
ℇ𝐾 𝐶𝑉 2
𝐹𝑃 = [1 + ( )]
𝑁2 𝑑 4
Where εK is sum of velocity head loss coefficient of fittings attached to valve.
εK = K1 + K2 + KB1 + KB2
Where K1 and K2 are Resistance coefficient of upstream and downstream
fitting respectively.
KB1 and KB2 are inlet and outlet Bernoulli coefficient respectively.
Since inlet and outlet line size are same, so KB1 = KB2.
Hence equation becomes,
εK = K1 + K2
Most commonly reducers are attached with control valve at inlet and outlet.
For Inlet reducers:
2
𝑑2
𝐾1 = 0.5 (1 − 2 )
𝐷1
= 0.4391
For Outlet reducers:
2
𝑑2
𝐾2 = 1.0 (1 − 2 )
𝐷2
= 0.8782

εK = 0.4391 + 0.8782
= 0.
Inlet Bernoulli coefficient KB1:
𝑑4
𝐾𝐵1 =1− 4
𝐷1
= 0.9357
Outlet Bernoulli coefficient KB2:
𝑑4
𝐾𝐵2 =1− 4
𝐷2
= 0.9357

Substitute to get FP
−0.5
0.8437 59.72
𝐹𝑃 = [1 + ( 4 )]
890 2
= 0.9086
Liquid Pressure recovery factor can be calculated as:
−1/2
𝐾1 + 𝐾𝐵1 𝐶𝑉2 1
𝐹𝐿𝑃 =[ ( 4 ) + 2]
𝑁2 𝑑 𝐹𝐿
Substitute value to get FLP
−1/2
0.2812 + 0.9357 59.72 1
𝐹𝐿𝑃 =[ ( 4 )+ ]
890 2 0.852
= 0.7695
Calculate pressure drop for sizing:
Liquid critical pressure ratio factor can be calculate as:

𝑷𝒗
𝑭𝑭 = 𝟎. 𝟗𝟔 − 𝟎. 𝟐𝟖√
𝑷𝑪
 𝟑𝟎
= 𝟎. 𝟗𝟔 − 𝟎. 𝟐𝟖√
𝟑𝟐𝟎𝟔.𝟐

= 0.9329
Choked Pressure drop:
2
𝐹𝐿𝑃
Δ𝑃𝐶 = 2 (𝑃1 − 𝐹𝐹 𝑃𝑣 )
𝐹𝑃
= 205.63 psia
Since, Choked pressure drop is less than actual pressure drop. ΔP for sizing
control valve = 205.63 psia

Calculate required CV:

𝒒
𝑪𝑽 =
𝚫𝑷𝑺𝒊𝒛𝒊𝒏𝒈
𝑵𝟏 𝑭𝑷 √
𝒔𝒑 𝒈𝒓𝒂𝒗𝒊𝒕𝒚

= 37.20
Calculate Piping geometry factor and Liquid Pressure recovery factor:
Piping geometry factor can be defined as:
−0.5
ℇ𝐾 𝐶𝑉 2
𝐹𝑃 = [1 + ( )]
𝑁2 𝑑 4
Where εK is sum of velocity head loss coefficient of fittings attached to valve.
εK = K1 + K2 + KB1 + KB2
Where K1 and K2 are Resistance coefficient of upstream and downstream
fitting respectively.
KB1 and KB2 are inlet and outlet Bernoulli coefficient respectively.
Since inlet and outlet line size are same, so KB1 = KB2.
Hence equation becomes,
εK = K1 + K2
Most commonly reducers are attached with control valve at inlet and outlet.
For Inlet reducers:
2
𝑑2
𝐾1 = 0.5 (1 − 2 )
𝐷1
= 0.0957
For Outlet reducers:
2
𝑑2
𝐾2 = 1.0 (1 − 2 )
𝐷2
= 0.1914

εK = 0.0957 + 0.1914
= 0.2871
Inlet Bernoulli coefficient KB1:
𝑑4
𝐾𝐵1 =1− 4
𝐷1
= 0.6835
Outlet Bernoulli coefficient KB2:
𝑑4
𝐾𝐵2 =1− 4
𝐷2
= 0.6835

Substitute to get FP
−0.5
0.2871 1362
𝐹𝑃 = [1 + ( 4 )]
890 3
= 0.9650
Liquid Pressure recovery factor can be calculated as:
 −1/2
𝐾1 + 𝐾𝐵1 𝐶𝑉2 1
𝐹𝐿𝑃 =[ ( 4 ) + 2]
𝑁2 𝑑 𝐹𝐿
Substitute value to get FLP
−1/2
0.0957 + 0.6835 1362 1
𝐹𝐿𝑃 =[ ( 4 )+ ]
890 3 0.822
= 0.7698
Calculate pressure drop for sizing:
Liquid critical pressure ratio factor can be calculate as:

𝑷𝒗
𝑭𝑭 = 𝟎. 𝟗𝟔 − 𝟎. 𝟐𝟖√
𝑷𝑪

𝟑𝟎
= 𝟎. 𝟗𝟔 − 𝟎. 𝟐𝟖√
𝟑𝟐𝟎𝟔.𝟐

= 0.9329
Choked Pressure drop:
2
𝐹𝐿𝑃
Δ𝑃𝐶 = 2 (𝑃1 − 𝐹𝐹 𝑃𝑣 )
𝐹𝑃
= 182.43 psia
Since, Choked pressure drop is less than actual pressure drop. ΔP for sizing
control valve = 182.43 psia

Calculate required CV:

𝒒
𝑪𝑽 =
𝚫𝑷𝑺𝒊𝒛𝒊𝒏𝒈
𝑵𝟏 𝑭𝑷 √
𝒔𝒑 𝒈𝒓𝒂𝒗𝒊𝒕𝒚

= 37.2