1/2/2011

Optimum Design
ChE 216 • Best Design
Optimum Design and – Maximum efficiency at the least cost
• Equipment or Process design
Design Strategy corresponding to:
– Minimum Total Cost
Evelyn R. Laurito
– Maximum profits
University of Santo Tomas – Maximum Production/Yield

1/2/2011 ChE 216- Plant Design Course Notes 1 1/2/2011 ChE 216- Plant Design Course Notes 2
by Evelyn R. Laurito
by Evelyn R. Laurito

Optimum Design Optimum Design

• Economic balance • Procedure for Optimum Design
– Balance between increasing and decreasing 1. Determine the factor (F) to be max/min and
costs TotalCosts variables (x, y, z) to be optimized
CT=CF+CV 2. Set up an equation relating F with the
Annual Cost, C variables; F = f(x,y,z)
Fixed
CTmin 3. Analyze the equation graphically or
Costs, CF
analytically to get the Fmax or Fmin
Variable
Opt Dv Costs, CV
Design variable (Dv)
1/2/2011 ChE 216- Plant Design Course Notes 3 1/2/2011 ChE 216- Plant Design Course Notes 4
by Evelyn R. Laurito by Evelyn R. Laurito

1
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Optimum Design Example 1

(Analytical Solution)

• Analytical Solution A plant produces softdrinks at the rate of P

1. Differentiate F w.r.t. x, y and z and equate bottles/day. The variable cost per bottle is :
each derivative to zero
F F F CV  0.15  0.012P 0.4
0 0 0
x y,z y x, z
z x, y The daily fixed charges are PhP 175/day and
2. Solve the equations simultaneously for xopt,
other expenses are constant at PhP 732.50/day.
yopt and zopt What is the optimum Production rate
(bottles/day) of the softdrinks plant?
3. Check for min/max point
1/2/2011 ChE 216- Plant Design Course Notes 5 1/2/2011 ChE 216- Plant Design Course Notes 6
by Evelyn R. Laurito by Evelyn R. Laurito

Analytical Soln Graphical soln

(MathCAD) (MathCAD)

CV  0.15  0.012 P
0.4 PhP Check for minimum point: P  5860  5861  5890
bottle
a ) 2nd derivative test 0.4 ( 175  732.5)
CT( P)  0.15  0.012 P 
0.4  175  732.5 
PhP 1
d 
CF  175  732.5  2 -9 P
2   6.2653977485324231144 10
day  bottles 
P 
0.15  0.012 P 
 day  dP  P  0.6906442

A positive 2nd derivative indicates minimum

0.4 175  732.5
CT( P)  0.15  0.012 P  point (i.e. minimum cost; therefore it checks) 0.690644
P

b ) Increase through the point

0.4  175  732.5 
-3
d  4.8 10 907.5
 0.15  0.012 P   
dP  P  P
.6
P
2
d 6
0.6906438
If P  5000 CT( P)  7.336  10
Assume P  1000 dP CT ( P)
Given
If P  5874.989 d 0.6906436
-3 CT( P) 0
4.8 10 907.5 dP
 0
.6 2
P P 7
If P  6000 d
CT( P)  7.544  10 0.6906434
Find ( P)  5874.989 dP
If P  5874
- slope + slope
CT( P)  0.690643301
0 slope
If P  5875 CT( P)  0.690643298
Min Pt 0.6906432
5860 5865 5870 5875 5880 5885 5890
ANS: 5875 bottles/day P
1/2/2011 ChE 216- Plant Design Course Notes 7 1/2/2011 ChE 216- Plant Design Course Notes 8
by Evelyn R. Laurito by Evelyn R. Laurito

2
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Example 2 (p.47/PT) Analytical Soln

(Analytical Solution) (MathCAD)

11900
CT( x y )  2.33 x   1.86 y  10
The following variables show the effects of x x y

2 nd derivative Test
and y on the total cost for a particular d
dx
CT( x y )  2.33 
11900
2
x y 2 23800
operation: d
CT( x y ) 
11900
 1.86
d
C ( x y ) 
2 T 3
dy
x y
2 dx x y
11900
CT  2.33x   1.86 y  10 Assume x  1 y  1

xy Given

11900 2 23800
d
2.33  0
C ( x y ) 
Find x and y that will give the least cost. 2
x y
dy
2 T
x y
3
11900
 1.86 0
2
x y
 15.975
Find( x y )   
 20.012

1/2/2011 ChE 216- Plant Design Course Notes 9 1/2/2011 ChE 216- Plant Design Course Notes 10
by Evelyn R. Laurito by Evelyn R. Laurito