POWER

- Is the ability to influence

other people and events.

- Somewhat different from

Authority because
authority is delegated by
higher management.
POWER is earned and gained by
leaders on the basis of their talents,
personalities, activities, and the
situations in which they operates.
Organizational power
1) Personal Power
2) Legitimate Power
3) Expert Power
4) Reward Power
I. Personal Power
Is referred to as Referent power, Charismatic
power, and Personality power. This comes
from every individual leader and is the
ability to develop followers from the
strength of their personalities.
2. Legitimate Power

• Is further referred to as position power or

official power, which is handed down from
higher authorities.
• It provides leaders with the power to
control resources as well as to reward and
punish others. This power discourages
anarchy.
3. Expert Power

• Is also known as the authority of

knowledge. It comes from specialized
learning and is a power that is generated
from ones knowledge and information
about a complex situation.
4. Political Power

• Comes from the support given by a group.

It is an outcome of a leader’s ability to
work with people and social systems, to
win their allegiance and support in the
drive to attain common goals and
objectives.
 Is the way by which leaders on the basis
of their personalities , activities and the
situation in which they operate.
Is concerned with balancing of power,
saving face, horse trading, mending
fences, ingenious compromises, trade-offs
and number of activities. Political skills
are essential for a successful leader.
1. Social Exchange
- Reciprocal rendering of service or trade -off
2. Identification with higher authority
- Getting identified with higher authorities or powerful
figures in an organization.
3. Alliance
- Working together to obtain something of common interest
4. Control of Information
- Having possession of information vital to other
departments or individuals.
5. Selective service
➢ - Giving faster service selectively to those who are
cooperative or supportive.
6. Power status symbols
➢ Acquire status symbols like refurnishing an office with
more modern furniture and equipment.
7. Power plays
➢ - Transferring part of functions or that of a department to
another
• To help us understand organization, we
might consider them as a political systems.
The political metaphor help us understand
power relationship in day to day
organizational relationship. If we accept that
power relation exist in organization. Then
politics and politicking are an essential part
of organizational life.
Union
- Is distinct organization an informal organization,
separate from the formal organization and the
employer.
- Union –Management relations are also referred to
as labor relations or industrial relations.
- Its role encompasses matters related to the work
environment, collective bargaining, grievances ,and
other labor managements problems.
• It is formed for the primary objective of
influencing the employers decisions and policies
concerning employment conditions. It
furthermore engages in fraternal activities.
• It is a social group and it brings to the work
environment a second organization, an informal
organization.
• Demand of the employees are not met by the
management, the employees turn to the labor
union for assistance.
Patterns of Political Behavior in
Organization
Social organization which all needed to be managed.
1. The number of unskilled “Blue Collar” employees
has decreased while the number of technical,
professional and clerical personnel has increased.
White collar workers currently outnumber the
blue collar employees.
2. Organization are continuously increasing the
number of their component subsystem to be
managed.
3. A trend away from the entrepreneurial manager to
the administrative manger in organizations.