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LATEST POSTS What is SOTF Protection?

 Design Basis for
Electrical Protection

 Creeping in Energy
Meters SOTF Protection stands for Switch On to Fault. This
 Why DC Shunt
protection is provided for high speed clearance of detected
Generators are Self fault immediately after Manual Closure of Circuit Breaker.
Protective to Short Let us suppose that a fault is existing and we gave a
Circuit? closing command to Breaker, then in that case SOTF
 Mutual Inductance – protection will immediately trip the Breaker.
Perfect Coupling and
Coupling Factor

 Working Principle of
Electrodynamometer
Wattmeter

 Which is More
Dangerous Voltage or
Current?

 Equivalent Inductance
of Parallel Connected
SOTF Protection is helpful in the sense that while taking
Inductors maintenance on a Line, it may happen so that Earth Switch
of a particular Circuit Breaker is close. In that case if we
 Equivalent Inductance
give closing command to the Circuit Breaker, it will
of Series Connected
Inductors immediately trip on SOTF Protection. But it is normal to
strike in your smart brain that how can we close a Breaker
 Electrodynamometer when a fault is already existing? Thing is that you can
Wattmeter – Construction
close the Breaker by bypassing all the required logics, so
 Concept of Self in that case SOTF protection will come into picture.
Inductance Suppose while maintenance Earthing Rod was used for
discharging a particular section but after competition of
maintenance the Earth Rod is still connected to that
section. In such case there is nothing or no logic to prevent
closing of Breaker and as soon as one closes the Circuit
Breaker, it will trip on SOTF protection.

SOTF Protection gets enabled whenever all the three

poles of a Circuit Breaker is open for more than a settable
time say 110s (This time can be changed and configured
as per the design.)

SOTF protection is enabled in two cases. They are

mentioned below.

Case1: If no Closing command to the Breaker is

Present.

When all the three poles of Circuit Breaker is open for

more than a particular time say 110 s, as soon as we give
a closing command to the Circuit Breaker, the SOTF
protection is enabled for 500 ms and then gets reset.
Case2: When an external closing command is present.

Here external closing means closing the Circuit Breaker

either manually or remotely. The SOTF protection logic is
activated immediately. As soon as all the poles are closed
SOTF protection is enable for 500 ms and then is reset.

During this SOTF time frame of 500 ms, individual distance

protection can be enabled or disabled. When a particular
distance zone say Zone-2 is enabled, Zone-2 will actuate
immediately without waiting for Zone-2 time delay if there
exists any fault in this zone.

How SOTF Relay Senses a Fault?

Basically there are two elements in relay providing SOTF

feature. They are Voltage Level Detector and Current
Level Detector. The purpose of Voltage Level Detector is
to ensure Dead Pole situation and Current Level Detector
ensures that a fault occurred i.e. Current Level Detector is
used for detection of fault. Therefore SOTF Relay element
must have two settings, one for Voltage Level Detector and
another for Current Level Detector. Typical setting for both
the elements are as follows:

Vph < 75% VN

Iph > 5% IN
Here VNand IN are Nominal Voltage and Nominal Current
respectively. Thus if the phase voltages are normal and if
phase current increases from the setting then SOFT
protection will sense it a fault and will issue three phase
trip command provided all other conditions as mentioned in
case1 and case2 for SOTF are met.

Related Posts:
1. Pole Discrepancy Protection
2. Distance Protection Philosophy
3. Local Breaker Back-up (LBB) or Breaker Failure
Protection
4. Autoreclosing Philosophy in Distance Protection

 Power System Protection

 Broken Conductor Protection

Sag in Overhead Transmission Line and Its Calculation 

Kalyanasis March 7, 2017 at 7:15 pm 

Sir What is Stub protection. Plz make it clear

admin March 7, 2017 at 7:28 pm 

Thank you Kalyanasis for asking. STUB Protection is nothing
but differential protection. The name STUB originated as it
protects a specific segment determined by the CT
combinations taken to implement differential protection.
Suppose we want to protect a T segment, means we will take
3 CT inputs for differential relay. This is just an example, the
number of CT required depends on the segment to be
protected. Please ask if you did not understand.

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