1
Transient Stability Analysis of Multi-Machine System
Using Hybrid Power Flow Controller
Abstract
Mr. Bebic few years ago, proposed a novel hybrid power
flow controller(HPFC) topology for FACTS(Flexible AC
Transmission System). The key feature of the new topology
is that it fully utilizes the existing equipments. Here in this
paper, the transient stability of multi-machine(MM) power
system has been investigated by using HPFC(hybrid power
flow controller) by selecting a topology out of proposed
topology by Bebic. For this, The MATLAB/ SIMULINK
models of three different configurations of HPFC have been
investigated for their different characteristics, by
incorporating them in the MM system. In all the three cases,
the steady state stable values, time taken to attain stability,
maximum overshoot and the rise-time of relative angular
positions delt1-2, delt2-3 and delt3-1 have been found out
by varying the Fault Clearing Time(FCT), and also by
varying the damping constants. Any of these configurations
can effectively be incorporated in a MM system and
contributes highly in the transient stability enhancement of
the system.
1. Introduction
The Hybrid Power Flow Controller consist of two equally
rated voltage-sourced converters to upgrade the
functionality of the existing switched capacitors or static
VAR compensators (SVCs). Since static converters are
used together with passive devices i.e voltage converter
control together with variable impedence control, the power
flow controller can be considered hybrid and it is therefore
named a " Hybrid Power Flow Controller" (HPFC).
This paper demonstrates that by using appropriate converter
control the functionality of switched capacitors and SVCs
can be changed from reactive power support to the
generalized power flow control – the functionality
commonly associated with the UPFC. The key benefit of the
new topology is that it fully utilizes existing equipment and
thereby the required ratings of the additional converters are
substantially lower than the ratings of the comparable
UPFC.
Before HPFC , there is already a controller available to us
known as Unified Power Flow Controller (UPFC). But
UPFC is a replacement of already existing classical devices
such as static VAR compensator(SVC), thyristor control
switched compensator(TCSC) ,etc. So if we use UPFC ,the
classical equipment becomes waste material or having
limited use.And also the considerable price of VSC based
FACTS Controllers remains the major impediment to use
UPFC.
The main disadvantage of the topology of UPFC is that the
device is entirely converter based. It uses the shunt
converter to supply the active power coupled with the series
converter, and once the shunt converter is in place, it is also
used to supply the required reactive power. The UPFC can
make limited use of the existing classical equipment.
Environment and cost problems have over the years, limited
construction of both generation facilities as well as new
transmission lines. Better utilization of existing power
systems along with effective control The Hybrid Power
Flow Controller uses two equally rated voltage-sourced
converters to upgrade the functionality of the existing
switched capacitors or static VAR compensators (SVCs).
Novel and cost effective converter based FACTS
topologies are proposed in [4] by Bebic et al, which build
upon the existing equipment and provide improved control
action. These devices make use of converters in addition to
the (presumably existing) passive components, and can be
regarded as hybrid in nature. Such FACTS controllers are
called Hybrid Power Flow Controller (HPFC). The key
benefit of this new topology is that, it fully utilizes the
existing equipment such as switched capacitors or SVC etc.
and thus the required rating of the additional converter is
substantially lower as compared to the rating of the
comparable UPFC.
The Hybrid Power Flow Controller (HPFC) uses two
equally rated voltage sourced converters in order to upgrade
the functionality of the existing switched capacitors or
Static VAR Compensators (SVC). Recently, a novel HPFC
topology for FACTS was proposed. It consists of a shunt
connected controllable source of reactive power, along with
two series connected voltage sourced converters – one on
each side of the shunt device. The converters can exchange
active power through a common dc circuit.
Now, Consider a topology proposed by Bebic for FACTS
below in the figure shown whose eqiuivalent shown
below.
 AREA #1 AREA #2

VSCX CDC VSCY

V SV 1
VM
V2 VR
HPFC
~
EQUIVALENT CIRCUIT
B
A simplified single phase equivalent circuit – including the2
M HPFC

A block diagrammatic view of a typical HPFC application HPFC, the interconnected electrical regions, and the
is shown in Fig. 1. The HPFC is installed at some point corresponding line segments – is shown in Fig
along the transmission line connecting two electrical
regions characterized by their The'venin's equivalent
voltage sources VS and VR. The line is thereby divided into
two segments represented by the equivalent reactances XS
and XR. Indices "S" and "R" identify "sending" and
"receiving" end/segment of the line. Central to the HPFC's
topology is the shunt connected source of reactive power –
shown as the variable capacitance in Fig. 1. Next, there are
two voltage–sourced converters (VSCs) connected to the
associated line segments in series using coupling
transformers. The converters share a common DC circuit,
coupling each other's DC terminals.

By controlling the magnitudes and angles of voltages

supplied by the converters, the flow of active power through
the line and the amounts of reactive power supplied to the
corresponding line segments can be simultaneously and
independently controlled. The control of the shunt device is
coordinated with the control of converters to supply the bulk
of the total required reactive power.
The variable capacitance, labeled BM, represents the controllable shunt
connected variable susceptance. The range of values this parameter can
assume depends on the installed power components; in general case it can
be positive (capacitive), zero, or negative (inductive).
Voltage sources VX and VY represent the high voltage equivalents of
voltages generated by the VSCs. The common DC circuit of the VSCs is
represented by the capacitor CDC, and this capacitor is charged or
discharged based on the difference of active powers coupled by the
converters
SIMULINK MODEL
The effect of HPFCD1 in damping out these oscillations caused by the fault
has been studied and investigated by incorporating HPFCD1 at bus B8. The
variation of relative angular positions: delt 1-2, delt 2-3 and delt 3-1, with
time, after the fault occurred and the HPFCD1 incorporated in the system
is shown in Fig

The MATLAB/ SIMULINK model of the 3-machine 9-bus system without

any fault and without any FACTS controller when simulated behaved as
shown in Fig.

The power system was found to become stable within 7 seconds after the
initial inter-area oscillations. A three-phase fault has been considered to
occur at bus B8. It is assumed that the fault occurs at the instant of the 7 th
second for a fault clearing time of 0.3 second.

delt1-2
grees

1
2(de

0.5
0
-0.5
delt1-

-10 2 4 6 8 10 12 14 15
delt2-3
3(degre

1
es)

0.5
delt2-

Fig. :Variation of Relative Angular Positions: delt1-2, delt2-3 and delt3-1 with Time when
-0.50 2 4 6 8 10 12 14 15 a Fault has occurred and without implementing any FACTS Controller
delt3-1
(degr

1.5
ees)

0.5
1
delt3 1

0
-

-0.50 2 4 6 8 10 12 14 15

Simulation Time (secs)

The variation of relative angular positions: delt 1-2, delt 2-3 and delt 3-1,
with time, after the fault occurred is as shown in Fig.6. At the instant of the
fault, the system oscillates and the oscillations die out within 45 seconds.
CONCLUSION AND DISCUSSION

From the simulation result ,it is clear that the transient stability of power
system enhanced to a large scale by using hybrid power flow controller.
Three different configurations of HPFC based on the proposed concept
have been simulated employing the discrete solution method available in
SimPowerSystems software of MATLAB. The effectiveness of HPFC for
enhancing the transient stability of power system has been analytically
investigated for different conditions. The simulation results are very
encouraging and indicate that all the three configurations of HPFC
considered in this article, help in improving the transient stability of power
system. The investigations reveal that a power system equipped with HPFC
stabilizes quickly, reduces the settling time, thus damps out the power
system oscillations effectively. HPFC is found out to be almost similar to
UPFC and superior to other FACTS controllers.

REFERENCES

[1] Bebic.J.Z., “The Hybrid Power Flow Controller - Introduction to HPFC”,

Available at http://www. hpfc.ca/hpfc.html

[2] Bebic.J.Z., Lehn.P.W., Iravani.M.R., “The Hybrid Power

Flow Controller A New Concept for Flexible AC
Transmission”, Proceedings of the IEEE Power
Engineering Society General Meeting, pp 1-7, June, 2006.

[3] Sood.V.K., Sivadas.S.D., “Simulation of Hybrid Power

Flow Controller”, IEEE 2010.