8 PARTS OF

SPEECH
WEEK 2

8 PARTS OF SPEECH
1. Nouns - names a person: Mary, neighbour
- names of a place: Malaysia, city, Selangor
- names of a thing: food, cat, house
- names of an idea: honesty, freedom, kindness
2. Pronouns - a substitute for a noun: 1) “Amy said that she was
sorry.” 2) “Tom claimed that the book belonged to
him. Later he realized that it belonged to Susan.”
3. Adjectives - describe/modify a noun or pronoun: This is my red
car. It is driven by my tall husband.
 Nouns

Can be Examples:

Concrete
(can be seen or desk, child, gumball
touched)

or

Abstract
(cannot be seen or freedom, responsibility,
touched)
honesty, prejudice

Nouns
Can be compound Examples:
and written as:

• homework, textbook, classmate,

• Single word grandmother

• Separate words • pen pal, word processing, Maryanne

Smith, dining room

• Hyphenated words • three-fourths, mother-in-law, sister-in-

law, self-esteem
 The pronoun is a word used in place of one or more nouns.
It may stand for a person, place, thing, or idea.

Demonstrative Pronouns
s Indefinite Pronouns
oun this
ron anybody
al P that
son i n e each
Per e, m ours either these
I, m your, y rs,
u,
yo her, he none those
she, s someone, one, etc. Interro
s our gative P
it, it s, our, heir, who ronoun
,u t
we them
,
,
who s
they s m
r what
thei lf
e which
mys self
r
you w hose

Pronouns
Can be
Examples:
Demonstrative
THIS
This is mine.
THAT
That is yours.
THESE
These are broken.
THOSE
Those are sweet.

Use your finger to “demonstrate”!

Pronouns
Intensive =
• Reflexive vs.
Intensive antecedent is next to the pronoun
• Pronouns that end Mary herself made the cake.
in “self” or “selves”
Reflexive =
• Examples:
• herself Pronoun functions as direct object,
• himself indirect object, or object of a
• themselves
preposition.
Mary hurt herself. (D.O.)
Mary baked herself a cake. (I.O)
Mary studied by herself. (Obj. of Prep.)

Modifies or describes a
noun or pronoun.
Answers these questions:

Did you lose your address

book?

Is that a wool sweater?

Just give me five minutes.

Adjectives

Answer Questions: Examples:

• Which one? Bring me the red sweater.

• What kind? I am wearing a wool sweater.

• How many? I own six sweaters.

Adjectives

• Can be • Examples:
Interrogative
• Which books are yours?
and will prompt a
question: • What movie is your favorite?

• Whose lunch is this?

Which
What
Whose
Adjectives
Can be Every boy wears a tie.
Indefinite
(not clear exactly which ones or We ate a few cookies.
how many)
Tom spent some time doing his
chores.

8 PARTS OF SPEECH (Cont.)

4. Verbs - a word that expresses action or otherwise helps to

make a statement
5. Adverbs - a word that describes or modifies a verb, adjective
or another adverb
Every sentence must have

Kinds of Verbs
• Action verbs express • Linking verbs make a
mental or physical statement by
action. connecting the subject
with a word that
describes or explains it.

He rode the horse to

victory.
He has been sick.
Interrogative
Adverbs How did you break your
introduce questions leg?

When does your plane leave?

How often do
you run?
Where did you put the
mouse trap?

Adverbs

Describe/Modify
Verbs
Adjectives
Other Adverbs
“Good” vs.
“Well”

Types of Adverbs:
Answer Questions: Time (when)
When? Place (where)
Many adverbs Manner (how)
Where?
end Degree (to what extent)
How? in the suffix “ly”.
To what extent? Why (condition/reason)
Condition or Reason Affirmation (yes)
Negation (no, not)
 Adverbs

• Answers questions: Examples

• When? • All our relatives gather yearly.
(when)
• Where?
• This year we celebrated
• How? uptown. (where)
• To what extent? • Joyously, we greeted one
• Condition or reason another. (how)
• We were very happy to be
together. (to what extent)

Adverbs • Some adverbs not ending in “ly”:

afterward near
• Many adverbs end in the suffix “ly”. already never
always not
anywhere now
• Formed by adding “ly” to adjectives
away nowhere
• happy – happily
below often
• easy –easily
even outside
• grateful –gratefully
ever seldom
everywhere short
• Exceptions: these words which end in “ly” are
usually adjectives: fast sometimes
• friendly forever somewhere
• lively hard soon
• lovely here straight
• lonely home then
late there
long well

Remember: “NOT” is NOT a Verb! It’s an Adverb!!

Good vs. Well
• “Good” and “bad” are adjectives. Use them before • “Well” and “badly” are adverbs. Use them to
nouns or after Linking Verbs (as Predicate modify verbs.
Adjectives).

I had a good day. I did well on my test.

(good modifies the noun day). I did badly on my test.
(well and badly modify the verbs did)
My day was bad.
** “Well” may also be used as an adjective to mean
(bad is a Predicate Adjective which follows the Linking “healthy”.
Verb was.)

You look well today.

(well is a Predicate Adjective which follows the
Linking Verb look)

8 PARTS OF SPEECH (Cont.)

6. Prepositions - a word that shows the relationship between a

noun and some other words in a sentence:
7. Conjunctions - a word that joins words or groups of words
8. Interjections - a word or words that indicate strong feelings or
excitement
PREPOSITIONS

Common Prepositions:
aboard before down of throughout
about behind during on to
above below except onto toward
across beneath for opposite under
after beside from out underneath
against besides in outside until
along between inside over up
among beyond into past upon
around like since with as
by near through within at

PREPOSITIONS

Multi-word prepositions

according to because of in spite of

across from except for instead of
along with in front of on top of
aside from in place of on account of
in addition to
COORDINATING CONJUNCTIONS

Coordinating Conjunctions Examples:

• and The pens and pencils are here.

• but I like carrots but not lima beans.
• for
I’m excited, for today is my birthday.
• nor
• or I didn’t like the movie, nor did she.
• so Are you eating pizza or hamburgers?
• yet Mary wanted a new phone, so she saved
her allowance money.
He works quickly yet carefully.

CORRELATIVE CONJUNCTIONS

Correlative Conjunctions Examples:

• Either ~ or I’ll either walk or jog home.

• Neither ~ nor Neither you nor I have blue eyes.

• Not only ~ but also Not only do I like English, but I also like Science class.

• Both ~ and Amy earned an A in both Math and Arts.

• Whether ~ or We need to decide whether to leave or to stay.

INTERJECTIONS!!!!!!!

• Interjections typically • Some interjections are

indicate strong feelings or followed by commas, and
excitement. indicate a mild feeling
instead or a strong one.
• Wow! We won!
• Ouch! That pan is hot! • Well, I better get started.
• Yes! I got an A! • Oh, how I dread Mondays.

Ouch!

He yelled an interjection when

the nurse gave him an injection!

Hey! I
need help,
please!