AUTOMOTIVE ENGINEERING

FUNDAMENTAL
LESSON4

Automotive Cooling System

Lectured by L. S. Khuong

Duration: 4h
 Course Overview

The study of vehicle cooling system is introduced in this course.

It is deem important for automobile engineer to understand
about role of cooling system of the engine. It tells very detail of
the flow of coolant in the Water Jacket.
It enables young technicians to identify the different type of
cooling system, and components, and maintenance service.
The Operation of this system will be described this lecture.
 OUTLINE
1. Introduction of Automotive Cooling System
• Function of Cooling System
• Type of Cooling System
2. Major Component of This System
3. Operation of Cooling System
4. Coolant Technology
• Type of Cooling fluid
• Role of Coolant
• Coolant interval
• One minute Inspection
 Course Outcome

Upon course completion, student will be able to:

• Describe the purpose and operation of the engine cooling system

• Explain the difference in coolant flow with thermostat closed and open
• Discuss why a fan is needed, the types of fan, and how each is driven
• Explain the purpose and operation of the two valve in the cooling
system pressure cap
• Understand about Coolant technology
• Inspect the condition of cooling system
1.1 Introduction of Cooling System
Cooling System/ត្រព័នរ
ធ ញ្ុះច កហ្ដ៉ា

Why does engine

need cooling
system Without it
what will happen?

➢ ហេតុអ្វីបានជាម៉ាសុីនត្តូវការ
ត្រព័នធរញ្ុះច កហ្ដ៉ា? ត្រសិនហរើ
គ្ម៉ានត្រព័នធរំអ្ិលហតើមនអ្វីហកើត
ហ ើង?
1.1 Introduction of Cooling System
Cooling System/ត្រព័នរ
ធ ញ្ុះច កហ្ដ៉ា
 1.1 Introduction of Cooling System
Heat in the engine/កហ្ដក
៉ា ង
នច មស
៉ា ន
ុី

• The burning air-fuel mixture in the engine cylinder may reach 2200 C or
higher
• However, cylinder wall must not get hotter that 260C
• Inlet coolant temperature is about 85C and the outlet coolant
temperature is about 100C
• Exhaust temperature ranges from 400C to 250C
1.1 Introduction of Cooling System
Heat in the engine/កហ្ដក
៉ា ង
នច មស
៉ា ន
ុី
1.1 Introduction of Cooling System
Heat in the engine/កហ្ដក
៉ា ង
នច មស
៉ា ន
ុី
 1.1 Introduction of Cooling System
• IC engine at best can transform about Cooling System/ត្រព័នរ
ធ ញ្ុះច កហ្ដ៉ា

25-30% of the chemical energy from

the fuel in to mechanical energy.
• About 35% of the heat generated is lost
to cooling medium remainder being
dissipated through exhaust and
lubricating oil.

• 1/3 heat to useful work

• 1/3 heat to cooling system
• 1/3 heat to exhaust
1.2 Purpose of Cooling System

• Prevent Overheating:
Excess Heat generated in engine
Peak temperature exceed melting point of metal
• Regulate the most efficient Temperature:
Regulate temperature
Allow engine to warm up in cold weather
Maintain engine in optimum rage
• Source of heat for passenger compartment in cold weather
1.3 Consequence of Engine running to hot
• Pre ignition, Detonation/Knock
All result in very high pressure rise and possible damage to the engine
• Heat fatigue of components
Burnt pistons and burnt valves
• Failure of lubricating system
Oil break down
Oil film at cylinder destroyed at 200C (scoring of piston & sleeves)
• Warping and fracture of components
• Unnecessary Wear
• Poor fuel Economy
1.3 Consequence of Engine running too hot
• Unnecessary Wear
• Poor fuel Economy
o Incomplete combustion
o lower coolant temperature
▪ more energy transferred out of cylinder
▪ energy is wasted & not available for work

• Promotes corrosive conditions in engine

o Water of combustion reacts with sulfur oxides in exhaust
▪ Form acids
o Allow water & sludge to accumulate in crankcase
o Over time, fuel diluting the oil will accumulate
2.1 Operation of Lubricating System
2.1 Operation of Cooling System

• System design removes 35% of total heat.

• Coolant pump circulates cooling fluid ( a mixture
of water and anti freeze through water jacket
• Coolant picks up heat and carries to radiator
• Cooling fluid flows from the water pump through
cylinder block and up to the head and then to the
top of the radiator
• Thermostat opens when the engine reach the
operating temperature
2.1 Operation of Cooling System
 2.2 Types of Cooling System
There are two types of Cooling System

Force circulating Cooling System

• This system is used in a large number of Automobiles
• Here the flow of coolant from radiators to water jackets is by convection assisted
by a pump
• កហ្ដ៉ាររស់coolant និងភាយហៅររិយាកាសខាងហត្ៅហោយចលនាហៅមុខររស់រថយនត។
• ទែរមស្
៉ូ ត៉ាត្តូវបានហត្រើហ ម
ើ ប៉ា ីត្ររ់ត្រងត្ររ់ត្រងសីតណ្
ុ ហភាពែឹកសអស
ំ ត្មរ់ការរញ្ុះច កហ្ដ។
៉ា
2.2 Types of Cooling System

Forced circulating cooling system

 2.2 Types of Cooling System
There are two types of Cooling System

1. Air Cooling System អ្ត្ារញ្ុះច កហ្ដា

៉ា មរយុះខ៉ាយល់អាត្ស័យ
• ផ្ទៃតួមស
៉ា ន
ុី ត្តូវបានរញ្ុះច កហ្ដហ៉ា ោយខ៉ាយល់ទ លរក់រុះផ្ទល
៉ា ហ់ ោយកង្ហរ៉ា
• មនការរនដរូ កហ្ដជា
៉ា មួយហោេនិងខ៉ាយល់។ មឌផ្នហោេនិងែំេម
ំ ខ
ុ កាត់រជា
ឺ
កាត៉ារនដរូ កហ្ដ៉ា ស
៏ ខា
ំ ន់
• ររិមណ្ខ៉ាយល់ទ លរក់ឆ្ង
ល កាត់ផ្ទៃរនដរូ កហ្ដ៉ា
• ភាពខុសគ្ន៉ាផ្នសីតណ្
ុ ហភាពរវាងផ្ទៃហោេ និងខ៉ាយល់រញ្ុះច កហ្ដ។
៉ា
2.2 Types of Cooling System

Air cooling system

2.2 Types of Cooling System

Air cooling system Vs Liquid cooling system

3. Component of Cooling System
• COOLING SYSTEM COMPONENTS

o Water Pump
o Cooling Fan
o Radiator
o Pressure Cap
o Thermostat
o Clamps and hoses
o Overflow tank
3. Component of Cooling System
3. Component of Cooling System
 3.1 Water Pump

o Centrifugal Type Water Pump.

o Inlet comes from bottom of Radiator.
o Outlet is through impeller to engine.
o Water Pump Replacement can be due to leaks or bearing failure.
o Its purpose is to circulate the water through the cooling system
o Located on the front part of the engine
 3.1 Water Pump

o Water pumps can be driven off of the

serpentine belt, the timing belt, or the
camshaft.
o When driven off of the timing belt, most
technicians suggest replacement when
replacing the timing belt.
3.1 Water Pump
 3.2 Radiators

o Allows for heat to move from coolant to the

outside air.
o Cooler air flowing through the radiator cools the
coolant.
o Most radiators about 28-35 sq. feet.
o Can have multiple cores to increase area.
o Two types…
- Cross flow
- Down flow
3.2 Radiators
3.2 Radiators
 3.2 Radiators

o Many radiators will have oil coolers built

into them.
o These can be for the engine oil or the ATF.
o Should either of these crack, oil could get
into the coolant and coolant into the oil.
3.3 Coolant expansion tank

o Radiator pressure results from the expansion

of the coolant as the engine warms up.
o A small amount of air used to be kept in the
radiator to allow for this expansion.
o Since air leads to rust and corrosion, the
radiator needs to be filled completely with
coolant.
o The pressure cap and coolant reservoir work
together to allow for this expansion.
3.3 Coolant expansion tank
 3.4 Pressure Cap
o The upper gasket prevents coolant
from escaping to the outside.
o The lower gasket keeps a
pressure in the radiator.
o The cam lock pushes the two
gaskets against the sealing
surfaces when the cap is installed.
o The safety stop prevents the cap
from being opened too quickly.
 3.4 Pressure Cap
o Pressurizing a liquid increases the
boiling point of that liquid.

o Cooling systems are pressurized so

that the boiling point of the coolant is
raised.

o Many cooling systems are

pressurized to 15 psi.
o The coolant’s boiling point increases
about 3° F for each psi increase in
pressure.
 3.4 Pressure Cap
o The pressure cap allows the pressure to build,
and release past a specified point.
o Equipped with Vacuum and Pressure Valve
o Used to raise Pressure in system
3.4 Pressure Cap
 3.4 Pressure Cap

o The pressure cap also improves the operation of

the water pump.
o By keeping the radiator pressurized, the water
pump has a constant supply of coolant to draw
from.
o If pressure became too low, the coolant would
boil and the water pump would draw only air.
3.5 Pressurize Tanks

o Systems with a pressurized overflow

tank keep a small amount of air in the
tank.
o This allows the coolant to expand and
compress the air.
o Most tanks like this will have a pressure
cap on the tank and no cap on the
radiator.
3.5 Pressurize Tanks
 3.6 Opening a Hot System
o Slowly turn the cap with a rag and do not turn it
past the safety lock.
 3.7 Thermostat

o Speeds up engine warm up.

o Regulates flow and temperature of engine
coolant.
o Most are on the outlet side of coolant flow.
o Maintains optimum engine operating
temperature for best emissions and economy.
 3.7 Thermostat

o Thermostat temperature is o The thermostat contains a

the opening temperature wax pellet on the engine
o Thermostat should be fully side of the thermostat.
open 20°F above opening o Wax melts and expands
temperature when engine heats up.
o 195°F thermostat = fully o As the wax expands, it
open at 215°F overcomes spring pressure
o 180°F thermostat = fully and opens the valve.
open at 200°F
3.7 Thermostat
 3.7 Thermostat

Close Open
 3.8 Coolant Flow

o The water pump pumps coolant through the

block.
o If the thermostat is closed, coolant flows
through the block, heater core, and the
thermostat bypass.
o The bypass leads back to the water pump.
o There will be no flow through the radiator when
the thermostat is closed.
3.8 Coolant Flow
3.8 Coolant Flow
 AUTOMOTIVE ENGINEERING
FUNDAMENTAL
Thank You For Your
Attention!!!
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and Answered?
Lectured by L. S. Khuong
Duration: 6h