Lecture-02

ី |
ិ ៖ រថយន្ត ហាយព្រ៊ដ
មុខវជ្ជា
HYBRID ELECTRIC HYBRID ELECTRIC
VEHICLE VEHICLE
Leans So Khuong
មេរៀនទី០២៖ សុវត្ថភា
ិ ពនៃអគ្គស
ិ នី| Faculty of Automotive Engineering
Electrical Safety National Polytechnic Institute of Cambodia
 មាតិកាមេរៀន|Lesson Outline
​
l Types of electrical disasters
2 What is electric shock?
3 Insulation protective equipment
4 Treatment when injured
5 First aid
6 Safety for hybrid vehicle

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• We hope that you will acquire the correct knowledge about the
electrical safety, shock, aid and first aids.

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l Types of electrical disasters
1 Types of electrical disasters
There are various types of electrical disasters, but they can be broadly divided into the following two types.

1) Personal injury
(1) Electric shock: Touch the charging part such as the blade of the switch or the bare wire
(2) Burn: Burns caused by electric current flowing through the human body.
: Occurs when an electric wire is short-circuited, or an arc that comes too close to a high-
voltage part
(3) Dental inflammation: Eye injury caused by an arc generated during arc welding work.
(4) Other: Equipment accidents can cause secondary personal injury. For example, there are burns
caused by the scattering of boiling insulating oil of an oil-filled circuit breaker.

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2 What is electric shock?

• Refers to a phenomenon in which numbness is felt when exposed to electricity, nerve

paralysis occurs when it is heavy, and even heart attack occurs, leading to death.

1) Why does an electric shock occur?

• I often see sparrows on high-voltage lines, but they don't seem to get an electric
shock and eventually fly away.

• I've heard the story of an electrician who was touched by the extra high voltage,
but was saved just by being bounced off and burned.

• There are cases where a housewife died at home after being electrocuted by an
electric washing machine drawn from a 100V lamp line.

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2 What is electric shock?
1. Current flow when electric shock occurs
Electricity will take the human body → the ground → the ground wire of the transformer → the low-voltage side winding of
the transformer (stands on rubber or vinyl and touches an electric wire, electricity is almost non-existent to the human body)

Transformer
High voltage Low voltage Voltage side

• Tingling sensation
ground side
• Muscle cramps
ground wire
• Nerve paralysis

• Respiratory paralysis and hea

Type 2 grounding
attack

Copper plate Fig. 2-1 shows an example of the most common low-voltage
electric shock accident. 6
2 What is electric shock?

2. Situations where electric shock occurs

• High-voltage electric shock does not occur unless there is a closed circuit in which current flows
between the human body and the high-voltage circuit.

• Since the high-voltage electric circuit of the vehicle is insulated from the vehicle body at both
+/- poles, this condition is satisfied only in the following two cases.

(1) The human body comes into direct contact with +/ 1 of the high-voltage circuit (Case 4)

(2) The insulation resistance between one pole of the high-voltage circuit and the vehicle body has
decreased, and in that situation the human body comes into contact with the other pole (Case 3).

In other words, "contact with a high voltage circuit" and "decrease in insulation resistance" can be
factors of electric shock

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2 What is electric shock?
2. Situations where electric shock occurs

Case 1 Case 3 Case 4

Case 2
On one side of high voltage Low voltage insulation resistant On both side of high voltage
Low voltage insulation resistant
direct contact High voltage tentacle direct contact
Body tentacle

current
current
Body ground Insulation resistant reduction Insulation resistant reduction
Electric shock
You may get electric shocked
Fig.2-2
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2 What is electric shock?
Table.2-1 Effect of electric current on the human body

Range of electric shock Alternative Current

DC
60Hz 10000Hz
men (women) men (women) men (women)
minimum sensing flow 5.2mA (3.5) 1.1mA (0.7) 12mA (8)
Painless shock 9mA (6) 1.8mA(1.2) 17mA(11)
(Muscle freedom)
Painful shock 62mA (41) 9mA(6) 55mA (37)
(However, muscle freedom is available)
Painful shock 74mA (50) 16mA(10.5) 75mA(50)
(Limit of withdrawal)
Severe shock with pain 90mA (60) 23mA(15) 94mA (63)
Possible ventricular vibration 1300mA 1000mA 1100mA
Electric shock time 0.03 seconds 500mA 100mA 500mA
Talk time 3.0 seconds

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2 What is electric shock?
Time flowing to the human body

Table.2-2 Dangerous currents for various electric shock times

Electric shock 1.0 0.8 0.6 0.5 0.4 0.3 0.2

time
(seconds)
Hazardous 180 200 220 250 280 330 400
current (mA)

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3 Insulation protective equipment

Table.2-3 Types of Electrically Insulated Gloves

Working voltage anti-voltage test Ministry

Test voltage Type test
Type
Alternating current Direct current

A Over 300V and below 600V ---- 3000V/1min Need

B Over 600V and below 3,500V Over 750V and below 3,500V 12000V/1min Need

C Over 3,500V and below 7,000V Over 3,500V and below 7,000V 20000V/1min Need

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3 Insulation protective equipment

Extra High
Voltage
DC Alternative Current

High Voltage
Low voltage
Working voltage Working voltage

Fig.2-3 Type of Electric green glove and DC voltage and AC voltage

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3 Insulation protective equipment

Be sure to see the present of

crack and holes

Blow air in to the glove and fold back and

check whether or not there is leak
check for small hole

fold back the sleeve

Put the water or water soak in it. There is
also way to find out

Fig.2-4 Daily inspection of thigh voltage rubber glove

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4 Treatment when injured
At work, we make various efforts and ingenuity to prevent accidents and injuries, but disasters can still
occur.

1) See a doctor for minor injuries and burns.

2) For treatment, follow the prescribed procedure to ensure that you receive it, and continue treatment until
your doctor gives you permission.

3) Amateur treatment is prohibited when a foreign substance gets into the eye. Never rub your eyes and
wait for them to come out naturally with tears.
If it does not come out easily, get medical attention.

4) Be sure to see a doctor for bruise and sprain even if there is no injury.

5) If your doctor tells you to take a leave of absence, follow the instructions of your boss.

6) Why did you get injured? When you return to work, report specifically to your boss and use it as a
lesson for your workplace.
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5 First aid
In the event of an injury or sudden illness, appropriate first aid measures must be taken.

1) In the case of electric shock

• Separate the victim from the charging part that is in contact

• Open the nearest switch to shut down that part.

• If there is no switch, immediately contact the management department to have a power outage.

• In case of electric shock burns, do not peel off the clothes that are burned on the affected area
and leave them on, and wait for the treatment of a specialist.

• Select a surgeon who has considerable experience in electroconvulsive therapy for this type of treatment.

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5 First aid
3) In case of burns
For burns, cool the injured area with water or corticate as soon as possible. Cool until the pain disappears and then seek
medical attention.
Symptoms of burns are generally divided into the following three stages.

Table.2-4 Degree of burns

Appearance Symptoms
Degree I The skin color turns red Pain and tingling
Degree II The skin becomes swelling, red, and Strong pain and burning feeling
sometimes blisters.
Degree III The skin is dry, hard and inelastic, pale There is almost no pain and the skin feels
and burnt in some places. numb

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6 Artificial respiration
(1) Necessity of early implementation

Table.2-5

Time (minutes) from when breathing stops to Resuscitation rate (%)

when artificial respiration is started
1 98

3 72

5 25

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5 First aid
(2) Artificial respiration and its effects

Table.2-6 method of respiration

Method Amount of air supplied (amount of air
entering the lungs)
Natural breathing 500ml

Exhalation resuscitation 1000-2000 ml

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5 First aid

inhaled breathe contain 21% oxygen Exhaled breathe contain 16% oxygen

Fig.2-5 Oxygen content

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5 First aid

5) How to implement breath resuscitation

In addition to being able to supply a large amount of air, the expiratory resuscitation method has
the following advantages.

(1) The airway is easy to open.

(2) When you breathe in, your chest swells, so it is easy to see the effect.
(3) Breathing can be adjusted strongly or weakly.
(4) You can do it while moving the other party.
(5) You can also do it on a utility pole.
(6) It can be done even when there is a trauma to the chest or arm.
(7) Easy to operate and anyone can do it immediately.

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5 First aid
(B) How to open the airway
When performing CPR on an apnea, it is important to first open the airways.

Chin down
The airway does not open

tongue

Lung
Fig.2-6 Opening the air way Chin up
The airway open Throat

correct posture

Fig.2-7 Airway open posture 21

5 First aid
In many cases, bending the head backward opens the airway, but if there is no air in or out of the
mouth or nose, pull the chin forward by the method shown in Fig. 2-8.

Remove foreign substances, vomiting substances, dentures, etc. in the mouth as they can block the airways
(Fig. 2-9).

Fig.2-8 Chin drawer Fig.2-9

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5 First aid
(Mouth) How to send air

Bring the practitioner's mouth into close contact with the

victim's mouth from a perpendicular direction.

Practitioner exhales deeply again to send air to the

victim and repeats this

At first, gently blow in a large amount twice in a row.

Repeat the blowing at a rate of about once every 5

seconds.
if bigger mouth blow the victim's nose into the inside of
the mouth.
Fig.2-10

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5 First aid
If air cannot be sent to the lungs

Consider that there is a foreign substance in the airway, place the victim in the lateral decubitus position, and
tap strongly between the shoulder blades. Foreign matter can be removed (Fig. 2-11).

if victim's breathing is sufficient and improved but

consciousness does not recover

Fig.2-11 Fig.2-12 24
6 Chest compression heart massage

(1) When chest compression heart massage is required

Cardiac arrest : in such cases chest compression heart massage, which compresses the sternum,
must be used in combination

(2) Heart movement

The heart acts as a pump that pushes blood into the body through blood vessels
Oxygen is carried by cells in the blood to all parts of the body and is the source of human activity

(3) Symptoms of cardiac arrest

• There is no pulse, I can't hear the heartbeat

• The color of the face and lips is purple and does not improve
• The pupil (pupil) remains wide

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6 Chest compression heart massage
(4) How to perform chest compression heart massage

(A) If you think that the heart is stopped, immediately start chest compression heart massage.

(B) The area to be compressed is the lower half of the sternum in the middle of the left and right sides of
the chest.
(C) Put the palms of both hands on top of each other and press strongly downward (Fig. 2-14).

(D) The degree of compression is strong so that the victim's chest sinks about 5 cm. The number of times
is 100 to 120 times per minute.

(E) Between compressions (when releasing compressions), relax enough so that your chest returns to its
original height. By repeatedly compressing and loosening the heart from the outside in this way, it helps
the stopped heart to start beating again.

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6 Chest compression heart massage

Fig.2-14
Fig.2-13
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7 Safety for hybrid vehicle

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