Clinker

Silicates 77.60%

C3S 59.50%
C2S 18.10%
C3A 8.50%
C4AF 10.00% Clinker Production
Free CaO 1.00% Total MJ/t clinker
97.10%
SiO2 21.97%
Al2O3 Michael Clark:
5.31%
6. Enter a formula in this green cell to calculate the
required hourly coal feed rate.
Fe2O3 3.29%
CaO 66.53%

LSF 95.15%
SM 2.56

Michael Clark:
AM 1.62
5. Enter a formula in this yelloww cell to
calculate the energy that must come from coal. CV (as burnt)
kJ/kg clinker 3120 Ash (as burnt)
Coal CV (net) kJ/kg 26500 Moisture (as burnt)
Coal Ash 12.00%

Coal Ash SiO2 55.00% SiO2

Coal Ash Al2O3 20.00% Al2O3
Coal Ash Fe2O3 12.00% Fe2O3
Coal Ash CaO 5.00% CaO
MgO
kg coal/kg clinker 0.118 K2O
Na2O
kg ash/kg clinker 0.014 P2O5
ZnO
SiO2 from ash 0.00%
Al2O3 from ash 0.00%
Fe2O3 from ash 0.00% kg fuel/kg clinker
CaO from ash 0.00%

SiO2 from kiln feed 21.97%

Al2O3 from kiln feed 5.31%
Fe2O3 from kiln feed 3.29%
CaO from kiln feed 66.53%

Kiln Feed Raw Mix

SiO2 (loss free) 22.29%
Al2O3 (loss free) 5.39%
Fe2O3 (loss free) 3.33%
CaO (loss free) 67.48%
Kiln Feed Raw Mix
SiO2 14.56%
Al2O3 3.52%
Fe2O3 2.18%
CaO 44.10%

LSF 95.15%
SM 2.56
AM 1.62
 Michael Clark:
1. Hourly clinker production rate is given in this cell.
Michael Clark:
2. Overall thermal energy consumption is given in this cell.
208 t/h
3350 MJ/t

Michael Clark:
Fuel Mixture (t/h) 3. Firing rates of alternative fuels are given in
these pink cells.
Coal Tyres Sewage MBM Rice Husk
Sludge
12.8 5.0 3.0 3.5 6.0 t/h
1719 696 186 311 438 Calorific Replacement (%) 49%

Michael Clark:
Sewage 4. In these green cells enter a formula to
Coal Tyres MBM Rice Husk
Sludge calculate the calorific contribution of each fuel
26500 29000 12900 18506 15217 MJ/t using the fuel data in cells J18 to N20.
12% 13% 23% 27% 25% %
3% 0% 45% 5% 5% %
Michael Clark:
7. In this yellow cell enter a formula to calculate
Ash Composition the percentage replacement of coal with
55.0% 8.1% 39.5% 0.0% 91.0% alternative fuels.
20.0% 3.0% 11.5% 0.2% 0.8%
12.0% 77.5% 14.0% 0.5% 0.6%
5.0% 0.7% 15.5% 45.4% 0.7%
0.2% 0.1% 1.5% 1.3% 0.9%
1.0% 0.2% 3.0% 3.1% 3.8%
0.6% 0.2% 4.0% 3.8% 1.6%
0.2% 0.0% 1.0% 39.7% 0.1%
0.0% 8.1% 0.0% 0.1% 0.0%
94.0% 97.9% 90.0% 94.1% 99.5%

0.06 0.02 0.01 0.02 0.03

els are given in

enter a formula to calculate

cement of coal with
 Michael Clark:
1. Hourly clinker production rate is given in this cell.

Michael Clark:
Clinker Production 208 t/h
2. Overall thermal energy consumption is given in this ce
Total MJ/t clinker 3350 MJ/t

Fuel Mixture (t/h) Michael

3. Firing r
Sewage these pin
Coal Tyres MBM Rice Husk
Michael Clark: Sludge
5. Enter a formula in this yellow cell to 5.0 3.0 3.5 6.0
calculate the energy that must come from 696 186 311 438
coal.
Michael Clark:
6. Enter a formula in this green cell to Sewage
calculate the required hourly coal feed rate. Coal Tyres MBM Rice Husk
Sludge Micha
CV (as burnt) 26500 29000 12900 18506 15217 4. In th
Ash (as burnt) 12% 13% 23% 27% 25% calcula
using t
Moisture (as burnt) 3% 0% 45% 5% 5%

Ash Composition
SiO2 55.0% 8.1% 39.5% 0.0% 91.0%
Al2O3 20.0% 3.0% 11.5% 0.2% 0.8%
Fe2O3 12.0% 77.5% 14.0% 0.5% 0.6%
CaO 5.0% 0.7% 15.5% 45.4% 0.7%
MgO 0.2% 0.1% 1.5% 1.3% 0.9%
K2O Micha
1.0% 0.2% 3.0% 3.1% 3.8% 8. In t
Na2O 0.6% 0.2% 4.0% 3.8% 1.6% kg of e
P2O5 0.2% 0.0% 1.0% 39.7% 0.1% produc
Micha
ZnO 0.0% 8.1% 0.0% 0.1% 0.0%
9. In t
Total 94.0% 97.9% 90.0% 94.1% 99.5% the kg

Michael Clark:
kg fuel/kg clinker
11. In t hese green cells enter a
formula to calculate the
contribution of the ash from each kg ash/kg clinker
fuel to the oxide composition of the
clinker. SiO2 from ash
Al2O3 from ash
Fe2O3 from ash
CaO from ash
MgO from ash
K2O from ash
Na2O from ash
P2O5 from ash
ZnO from ash
duction rate is given in this cell.

ergy consumption is given in this cell.

Michael Clark:
3. Firing rates of alternative fuels are given in
Rice Husk these pink cells.

t/h
Calorific Replacement (%) Michael Clark:
7. In this yellow cell enter a formula to calculate
the percentage calorific replacement of coal with
alternative fuels.
Rice Husk
Michael Clark:
MJ/t 4. In these green cells enter a formula to
% calculate the calorific contribution of each fuel
using the fuel data in cells J18 to N20.
%

Kiln Feed Raw Mix

SiO2 14.56%
Al2O3 3.52%
Fe2O3 2.18%
CaO 44.10%

Michael Clark:
LSF 95.15%
8. In this cell enter a formula to calculate the
kg of each fuel burnt per kg of cliinker SM 2.56
produced.
AM 1.62
Michael Clark:
9. In these green cells enter a formula to calculate
the kg of ash for each fuel per kg of clinker.

Michael Clark:
10. In this yellow cell enter a formula to calculate
the total kg of ash per kg of clinker.

Michael Clark:
12. In these yellow cells enter a formula to
calculate the contribution of the ash to each
oxide in the clinker.