Separating techniques:

Separation Technique Description example

sieving - Separating solids of separating rocks from sand
different sizes
- Small particles pass
through mesh while
larger particles get
trapped
chromatography - Components of a separating pigments in ink;
solution diffuse separating plant pigments
through a solid at
different rates.
- This is influenced by
particle size and
charge
magnetic separation - Separating separating iron filings from
magnetics sand, separating steel from
substances from other metals
non-magnetic
substances
sedimentation - The heavy, separating sand and water
undissolved particles
in a suspension sink
to the bottom of a
container as they are
denser
(sedimentation).
- The liquid
component on top
can be poured off
(decantation).
centrifugation - Can be used to separating red blood cells
accelerate the from plasma.
process of
sedimentation
filtration - A suspension is separating sand from water
poured through a
filter.
- The large, insoluble
particles get trapped
in the filter paper
(residue) while the
liquid component
passes through
(filtrate).
 evaporation - A solution is heated. obtaining salt from salt
- The solvents water.
vaporise as it has a
lower boiling point
leaving the solute
behind
separating funnel - If two liquids are separating water from oil.
immiscible, the less
dense substance will
float on top.
- The denser
substance can be
poured off through
the bottom of the
separating funnel.
distillation - If two liquids are separating methylated
miscible, spirits from water.
components can be
separate based on
their different
boiling points
- The liquid with the
lowest boiling point
will vaporise first,
condense and collect
in a separate
container (distillate).
- Distillation can also
be used to collect
the solvent from a
solution

Gravimetric analysis:

- Finding the percentage mass of one or more substances in a mixture for compound.
- Mass %= Mass of component/ mass of mixture x 100