Preliminary Chemistry 2014

Module 8.3.4 – The mole and empirical and molecular formulae

Sample Answers

Question 1
(a) C6H12O6
(b) CH2O

Question 2 (a)
Elements in compound N H
Mass (g) 87.4 12.6
Atomic mass 14.01 1.008

Relative no. of atoms = 6.24 12.5

6.24 6.24

1 2.00

Empirical formula is NH2

(b) Multiple = molecular mass = 35.052

Empirical mass (14.01 + 2 x 1.008)
= 2

Molecular formula is N2H4

Question 3
Elements in compound Pb O
Mass (g) 6.22 0.64
Atomic mass 207.2 16.00

Relative no. of atoms = 0.030 0.040

0.030 0.030
4
1 /3
Multiply by 3 3 4

Empirical formula is Pb3O4

Question 4
(a) The mole is the number of atoms in exactly 12.000 g of carbon-12, referred to as
Avogadro’s number.

(b) Guy-Lussac performed experiments involving combining gases and stated that the
volumes of gases involved in a chemical reaction are in simple whole number ratio.
This was called the law of combining gas volumes. Avogadro later proposed that
equal volumes of gases, when measured at the same temperature and pressure,
contained equal numbers of molecules. This is known as Avogadro’s law.
 (c) n = m/M

n (Hg) = 10.0 / 200.6

= 0.0499 mol
n = no. of particles
NA
So number of Hg atoms = 0.0499 x 6.02 x 1023 = 3.00 x 1022

Question 5
(a) Zn (s) + I2(s)  Zn I2 (s)

(b) n (I2(s) ) = 1.30

(126.9 x 2)
= 5.122 x 10-3 mol

Mole ratio I2(s) Zn I2 (s)

1 1
So n (Zn I2 (s)) = 5.122 x 10-3 mol

n = m/M
so mass = 5.122 x 10-3 mol x (65.39 + 2 x 126.9)
= 1.63 g (to 3 sig. fig.)

Question 6
2 K (s) + Cl2(g)  2 KCl (s)

n (K) = 2.00 n (Cl2) = 2.00

39.10 (2 x 35.45)
= 0.0512 = 0.0282

Mole 2 1
1
Ratio 1 /2
1
So 0.0512 mol K needs /2 x 0.0512 mol Cl2
= 0.0256 mol
Actual moles 0.0282 mol so excess Cl2
Limiting reagent is K

Mole ratio K KCl (s)

2 2
1 1
So n (KCl (s)) = 0.0512 mol

n = m/M
so mass of KCl = 0.0512 mol x (39.10 + 35.45)
= 3.82 g (to 3 sig. fig.)