Model Answers: Medium

The correct answer is C because:

Steps Calculation

Create an equation that links the atomic masses of each atom present to the
1 2X + 12 + 48 + 20 + (10 x 16) = 286
overall relative formula mass

2x + 240 = 286
2 Rearrange to find X
X = 23

3 Find the element that has an atomic mass of 23 Sodium (Na)

The correct answer is C because:

Steps Calculation

Calculate the moles of the gas using the formula:

1 2 / 24 = 0.0833
Amount of gas (mol) =

2 Only 15% of the nitrogen used 0.0833 x 0.15 = 0.0125 g

Mass of Ammonia

Moles = mass / Mr
3 0.0125 x 17 = 0.2125 g
Re-arrange for mass

Mass = moles x Mr

Nitrogen is a diatomic molecule so for each molecule of nitrogen 2 ammonia molecules will
4 0.2125 x 2 = 0.425 g
be produced

The correct answer is B because:

Steps Calculation

1 Balanced symbol equation for the cold reaction NaOH (aq) + Cl2 (g) → NaOCl (aq) + H2O (l) + NaCl (aq)
2 Calculate the relative formula mass of the compound Mr 23 + 16 + 35.5 = 74.5

Mass of Compound

Moles = mass / Mr
3 0.125 x 74.5 = 9.31 g
Re-arrange for mass

Mass = moles x Mr

The correct answer is C because:

 The empirical formula is the simplest whole number ratio of atoms in a compound.

 The formula of phenazine is (C6H4)2N2.

 The simplest ratio of the atoms would be C6H4N.

A is incorrect as the ratio of hydrogen atoms is not 6.

B is incorrect as this is the molecular formula.

D is incorrect as the number of hydrogen is incorrect.

The correct answer is A because:

Steps Calculation

1 Balanced symbol equation for the reaction 2Mg(NO3)2 (s) → 2MgO (s) + 4NO2 (g) + O2 (g)

2 Calculate the relative formula mass (Mr) of compound Mg(NO3)2 24.3 + (14 x 2) + (16 x 6) = 148.3

Moles of Mg(NO3)2 Moles = 7.4 / 148.3

3
Moles = mass / Mr = 0.0498

Ratio of moles in equation:

4 0.0498 x 2 = 0.0998
2 moles of Mg(NO3)2 produces 4 moles of NO2

5 Mass of NO2 0.0998 x 46 = 4.5908 g

Moles = mass / Mr 1dp = 4.6 g

 Re-arrange for mass

Mass = moles x Mr

The correct answer is D because:

Steps Calculation

Balanced symbol equations for the reaction. This is a complete combustion reaction AlxCy + H2O → Al(OH)3 + CH4
1
producing H2O and CO2 CH4 + 2O2 → H2O + CO2

72cm3 is equivalent to 0.003 moles of carbon dioxide

2 0.072 / 24 = 0.003
Amount of gas (mol) =

3 Find the total mass of Carbon 0.003 x 12 = 0.036 g

Subtract 0.036 g from the starting mass as the mass of carbon at the end is the mass of
4 0.144 – 0.036 = 0.108 g
the carbon at the start

Moles of Al
5 0.108 / 27 = 0.004 moles
Moles = mass /Mr

Ratio of Al to C. Al = 4
6
Al has a valency of 3+ and C 4- this ratio also leaves an electrically balanced compound C = 3

The correct answer is B because:

Steps Calculation

300cm3 is equivalent to 0.0125 moles of oxygen

1 0.3 / 24 = 0.0125
Amount of gas (mol) =
 Group 2 metals:

2M + O2 → 2MO
There are two options for the metal either group 1 metal or group 2 metal.

2 Group 1 metals - 4 metal atoms would react with each oxygen atom.

Group 2 metals - 2 metal atoms would react with each oxygen atom
Group 1 metals:

4M + O2 → 2M2O

Mr of the metal Group 2 metal

Mr = mass / moles 1.15 / (0.0125 x 2) = 46

3 Or

Group 1 metal
The metal from the list with an Mr that matches one of the possible calculations is sodium 1.15 / (0.0125 x 4) = 23

The correct answer is D because:

Steps Calculation

1 Find the mass of the Nickel in the coin 10 x 0.2 = 2 g

Find the moles of Nickel in the coin

2 2 / 58.7 = 0.034
Moles = mass / Mr

Find the number of atoms in the coin

3 6.022 x 1023 atoms per mole (mol-1) – this is known as Avogadro number, this has the 0.034 x (6.022 x 1023) = 2.05 x10
symbol L

The correct answer is C because:

Steps Calculation

1 Find the moles of carbon and hydrogen, assume you have 100g so the percentages are Carbon
equal to mass
Moles = 29.7 / 12 = 2.475
 Moles = mass / Mr
Hydrogen

Moles = 6.19 / 1 = 6.19

Carbon

2.475 / 2.475 = 1

2 Divide both side by the smallest number

Hydrogen

6.19 / 2.475 = 2.5

2.5 x 8 = 20
3 Multiply by the number of carbon atoms given in the question The number of hydrogen atom
is 20

10

The correct answer is C because:

Steps Calculation

1 Mass of nitrogen in 14 g of fertiliser 15 x 14 / 100 = 2.1 g of N

Moles of nitrogen
2 2.1 / 14 = 0.15 mol
Moles = mass / Mr

Concentration of nitrogen
3 0.15 / 5 = 0.03 mol dm-3
3
Concentration (mol / dm ) =