ASTM D2240 Standard Test Method For Rubber Property Durometer Hardness PDF

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e1
Designation: D 2240 – 04
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ASTM D2240_2005
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Standard Test Method for
Rubber Property—Durometer Hardness1
This standard is issued under the fixed designation D 2240; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year of
original adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of last revision. A number in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval. A
superscript epsilon (e) indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.
This standard has been approved for use by agencies of the Department of Defense.
e1 NOTE—Editorial changes were made in April 2005.
1. Scope D 374 Test Methods for Thickness of Solid Electrical

1.1 This test method covers twelve types of rubber hardness lation
measurement devices known as durometers: Types A, B, C, D, D 618 Practice for Conditioning Plastics for Testing
DO, E, M, O, OO, OOO, OOO-S, and R. The procedure for D 785 Test Method for Rockwell Hardness of Plastics
determining indentation hardness of substances classified as Electrical Insulating Materials
D 1349 Practice for Rubber—Standard Temperatures
thermoplastic
tomeric elastomers,
materials, cellularvulcanized
materials,(thermoset) rubber, elas-
gel-like materials, and Testing
some plastics is also described. D 1415 Test Method for Rubber Property—Internat
1.2 This test method is not equivalent to other indentation Hardness
hardness methods and instrument types, specifically those D 4483 Practice for Determining Precision for Test
described in Test Method D 1415. Standards in the Rubber and Carbon Black Industrie
1.3 This test method is not applicable to the testing of F 1957 Test Method for Composite Foam
coated fabrics. Durometer Hardness
1.4 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as 2.2 ISO Standard:3
standard.
only. Many Theofvalues givendimensions
the stated in parentheses
in SIare
arefor information
direct conver- ISO/IEC
petence17025: 1999and
of Testing General Requirements
Calibration for
Laboratories
sions from the U. S. Customary System to accommodate the
3. Summary of Test Method
instrumentation, practices, and procedures that existed prior to
the Metric Conversion Act of 1975. 3.1 This test method permits hardness measurements
1.5 All materials, instruments, or equipment used for the on either initial indentation or indentation after
determination of mass, force, or dimension shall have trace- period of time, or both. Durometers with maximum
ability to the National Institute for Standards and Technology, indicators used to determine maximum hardness
or other internationally recognized organizations parallel in material may yield lower hardness when the maximum
nature. cator
3.2 isThe
used.
procedures for Type M, or micro hardness
1.6 This standard does not purport to address all of the
safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the eters, accommodate specimens that are, by their dimensio
responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appro- configuration, ordinarily unable to have their durometer
priate safety and health practices and determine the applica- ness determined by the other durometer types described.
bility of regulatory limitations prior to use. M durometers are intended for the testing of specimens
a thickness or cross-sectional diameter of 1.25 mm
2. Referenced Documents or greater, although specimens of lesser dimensions
2.1 ASTM Standards: 2 successfully accommodated under the conditions
Section 6, and have a Type M durometer hardness
between 20 and 90. Those specimens which have a
1
This test method is under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee D11 on Rubber hardness range other than specified shall use another
and is the direct responsibility of Subcommittee D11.10 on Physical Testing. procedure for determining durometer hardness.
Current edition approved July 1, 2004. Published July 2004. Originally approved
in 1964. Last previous edition approved in 2003 as D 2240 – 03.
2
For referenced ASTM standards, visit the ASTM website, www.astm.org, or
contact ASTM Customer Service at service@astm.org. For Annual Book of ASTM
3
Standards volume information, refer to the standard’s Document Summary page on Available from International Organization for Standardization
the ASTM website. Varembé, Case postale 56, CH-1211, Geneva 20, Switzerland.
Copyright © ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 194282959, United States.
1
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Copyright ASTM International
1
Reproduced by IHS under license with ASTM Copyright by ASTM Int'l (all rights reserved);
Reproduction authorized per License Agreement with Kathe Hooper
No reproduction or networking permitted without license from IHS
(ASTMIHS Account); Mon Apr 11 15:09:23 EDT 2005
Not for Resale
D 2240 – 04e1
`,,`,,,``,,`,,`,`,,`
FIG. 1 (a) Type A and C Indentor
4. Significance and Use 5.1.1.3 Presser Foot—flat circular designs designate

4.1 This test method is based on the penetration of a specific Type xR, where x is the standard durometer designation
type of indentor when forced into the material under specified indicates the flat circular press foot described
conditions. The indentation hardness is inversely related to the example, Type aR, dR, and the like. The presser foot,
penetration and is dependent on the elastic modulus and centrally located orifice (to allow for the protrusion
viscoelastic behavior of the material. The geometry of the indentor) of a diameter as specified in Fig. 1 (a through
indentor and the applied force influence the measurements flat circular presser foot shall be 18 6 0.5 mm (0.71
such that no simple relationship exists between the measure- in diameter. These durometer types shall be used
ments obtained with one type of durometer and those obtained operating stand (see 5.1.2).
with another type of durometer or other instruments used for (a) Durometers having a presser foot configuration
measuring hardness. This test method is an empirical test than that indicated in 5.1.1.3 shall not use the
intended primarily for control purposes. No simple relationship designation, and it is recommended that their presser
exists between indentation hardness determined by this test
method and any fundamental property of the material tested. configuration and size be stated in the Hardness Measure
Report (see 10.2.4).
For specification purposes, it is recommended that Test Method
D 785 be used for materials other than those described in 1.1. 5.1.1.4 Presser Foot, Type M, with a centrally
orifice (to allow for the protrusion of the indentor),
5. Apparatus diameter as specified in Fig. 1 (d), with the center
5.1 Hardness Measuring Apparatus, or Durometer, and an of 1.60 mm (0.063 in.) from any edge of the flat
Operating Stand, Type 1, Type 2, or Type 3 (see 5.1.2) presser foot. The Type M durometer shall be used
consisting of the following components: operating stand (see 5.1.2.4).
5.1.1 Durometer:
5.1.1.1 Presser Foot, the configuration and the total area of 5.1.1.5 Indentor, formed from steel rod and hardened
HV10 and shaped in accordance with Fig. 1 (a, b, c,
a durometer presser foot may produce varying results when polished over the contact area so that no flaws are visible
there are significant differences between them. It is recom- 203 magnification, with an indentor extension of 2.50
mended that when comparing durometer hardness determina- mm (0.098 6 0.002 in.).
tions of the same type (see 4.1), that the comparisons be
5.1.1.6 Indentor, Type OOO-S, formed from steel
between durometers of similar presser foot configurations and
total area, and that the presser foot configuration and size be hardened to 500 HV10, shaped in accordance with
noted in the Hardness Measurement Report (see 10.2.4 and polished over the contact area so that no flaws are visible
5.1.1.3). 20
mm magnification,
3 (0.198 6 0.002with
in.). an indentor extension of 5.00
5.1.1.2 Presser Foot, Types A, B, C, D, DO, E, O, OO,
OOO, and OOO-S, with an orifice (to allow for the protrusion 5.1.1.7 Indentor, Type M, formed from steel rod
of the indentor) having a diameter as specified in Fig. 1 (a, b, ened to 500 HV10 and shaped in accordance with
c, d, e, f, and g), with the center a minimum of 6.0 mm (0.24 polished over the contact area so that no flaws are visible
in.) from any edge of the foot. When the presser foot is not of 503 magnification, with an indentor extension of 1.25
a flat circular design, the area shall not be less than 500 mm (0.049 6 0.001 in.).
2
mm (19.7 in.2).
ASTM D2240_2005 百度一下 在手机打开 0 下载券
5.1.1.8 Indentor  下载
Extension Indicator, analog or digital
8/26/2016 ASTM D2240_2005_百度文库
5.1.1.8 Indentor Extension Indicator, analog or digital
NOTEin1—The
differ Type OOO
their indentor and the Type
configuration, OOO-S,
spring force,designated
and the herein,
results tronic,
indentorhaving a display
extension so that:that is an inverse function
obtained. See Table 1 and Fig. 1 (e and g).
2
Reproduced by IHS under license with ASTM Copyright by ASTM Int'l (all rights reserved);
Not for Resale
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D 2240 – 04e1
FIG. 1 (b) Type B and D Indentor (continued)
FIG. 1 (c) Type O, DO, and OO Indentor (continued)

`,,`,,,``,,`,,`,`,,`
FIG. 1 (d) Type M Indentor (continued)
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shallthroughout
indicate from
(a)equal
100 divisions
ASTM D2240_2005 the0 range
to百度一下
100 at
with no less
a rate of than in the
(d) the
one 在手机打开
360°, caseindicating
points
0 下载券
of 
analog dial indicators having a
下载 0 and 100 may be at the
hardness point for each 0.025 mm (0.001 in.) of indentor on the dial and indicate 0, 100, or both.
8/26/2016 ASTM D2240_2005_百度文库
hardness point for each 0.025 mm (0.001 in.) of indentor on the dial and indicate 0, 100, or both.
movement, 5.1.1.9 Timing Device (optional), capable of being
(b) the display for Type OOO-S durometers shall indicate desired elapsed time, signaling the operator or holding
from 0 to 100 with no less than 100 equal divisions throughout hardness reading when the desired elapsed time
the range at a rate of one hardness point for each 0.050 mm
reached. The timer shall be automatically activated
(0.002 in.) of indentor movement,
presser foot is in contact with the specimen being
(c) the display for Type M durometers shall indicate from 0
example, the initial indentor travel has ceased. Digital
to 100 with no less than 100 equal divisions at a rate of one tronic durometers may be equipped with electronic
hardness point for each 0.0125 mm (0.0005 in.) of indentor
movement, and
3
Copyright by ASTM Int'l (all rights reserved);
Reproduced by IHS under license with ASTM
No reproduction or networking permitted without license from IHS Not for Resale
Reproduction authorized per License Agreement with Kathe Hooper (ASTMIHS Account); Mon Apr 11 15:09:23 EDT 2005
D 2240 – 04e1
FIG. 1 (e) Type OOO Indentor (continued)

FIG. 1 (f) Type OOO-S Indentor (continued)
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8/26/2016 ASTM D2240_2005_百度文库
devices that shall not affect the indicated reading or determi- determinations (see 10.2.4). Analog Type M, OO,
nations attained by more than one-half of the calibration Type OOO-S durometers shall not be equipped with
tolerance stated in Table 1. indicating pointers.
5.1.1.10 Maximum Indicators (optional), maximum indicat- 5.1.1.12 Digital electronic durometers may be
ing pointers are auxiliary analog indicating hands designed to with electronic maximum indicators that shall not
remain at the maximum hardness value attained until reset by indicated reading or determinations attained by more
the operator. Electronic maximum indicators are digital dis- half of the spring calibration tolerance stated in Table
plays electronically indicating and maintaining the maximum 5.1.1.13 Calibrated Spring, for applying force to
value hardness valued achieved until reset by the operator. tor, in accordance with Fig. 1 (a through g) and
5.1.1.11 Analog maximum indicating pointers have been applying the forces as specified in Table 1.
shown to have a nominal effect on the values attained, 5.1.2 Operating Stand (Fig. 2):
however, this effect is greater on durometers of lesser total 5.1.2.1 Type 1, Type 2, and Type 3 shall be
mainspringpointer
indicating loads;onfor
Typeexample, the effect
D durometer of a maximum
determinations will be supportingsupport
specimen the durometer presser
table (Fig. foot surface
3) throughout parallel
the travel
less than those determinations achieved using a Type A The durometer presser foot to specimen support table
durometer. Analog style durometers may be equipped with ism shall be verified each time the test specimen support
maximum indicating pointers. The effect of a maximum is adjusted to accommodate specimens of varying dimens
indicating pointer shall be noted at the time of calibration in the This may be accomplished by applying the durometer
calibration report (see 10.1.5), and when reporting hardness foot to the point of contact with the specimen support
4
Reproduced by IHS under license with ASTM
Copyright by ASTM
Reproduction Int'lper
authorized (allLicense
rights reserved);
Agreement with Kathe Hooper
Not for Resale
D 2240 – 04e1
FIG. 1 (g) Type E Indentor (continued)
TABLE 1 Durometer Spring Force Calibration A

All Values are in N
Indicated Value Type A, B, E, O Type C, D, DO Type M Type OO, OOO Type
0 0.55 0 0.324 0.203 0.167
10 1.3 4.445 0.368 0.294 0.343
20 2.05 8.89 0.412 0.385 0.520
30 2.8 13.335 0.456 0.476 0.696
40 3.55 17.78 0.5 0.566 0.873
50 4.3 22.225 0.544 0.657 1.049
60 5.05 26.67 0.589 0.748 1.226
70 5.8 31.115 0.633 0.839 1.402
80 6.55 35.56 0.677 0.93 1.579
90 7.3 40.005 0.721 1.02 1.755
100 8.05 44.45 0.765 1.111 1.932
N/durometer unit 0.075 0.4445 0.0044 0.00908 0.01765
Spring Calibration 6 0.075 N 6 0.4445 N 6 0.0176 N 6 0.0182 N 6 0.0353
Tolerance
A
Refer to 5.1.1.3 for the Type xR designation.
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making adjustments by way of the durometer mounting assem- 5.1.2.6 Specimen Support Table, (Fig. 3) integral
8/26/2016 ASTM D2240_2005_百度文库
making adjustments by way of the durometer mounting assem- 5.1.2.6 Specimen Support Table, (Fig. 3) integral
bly or as specified by the manufacturer. operating stand, and having a solid flat surface. The
5.1.2.2 Operating Stand, Type 1 (specimen to indentor support platform may have orifices designed to accept
type), shall be capable of applying the specimen to the indentor inserts or support fixtures (Fig. 3) to provide for the
in a manner that minimizes shock. irregularly configured specimens. When inserts are
5.1.2.3 Operating Stand, Type 2 (indentor to specimen support test specimens, care must be taken to align the
type), shall be capable of controlling the rate of descent of the to the center of the insert, or the point at which the
indentor
in./s) andtoapplying
the specimen
a force at a maximum
sufficient of 3.20 the
to overcome mm/s (0.125
calibrated to
thecontact the does
indentor specimen. Care should
not abruptly be exercised
contact to
the specimen
spring force as shown in Table 1. table as damage to the indentor may result.
5.1.2.4 Operating Stand, Type 3 (indentor to specimen
type), hydraulic dampening, pneumatic dampening, or electro- 6. Test Specimen
mechanical (required for the operation of Type M durometers)
shall be capable of controlling the rate of descent of the 6.1 The test specimen, herein referred to as “specimen
indentor to the specimen at a maximum of 3.2 mm/s (0.125 “test specimen” interchangeably, shall be at least 6.0
in./s) and applying a force sufficient to overcome the calibrated in.) in thickness unless it is known that results equivalent
spring force as shown in Table 1. Manual application, Type 1 6.0-mm (0.24-in.) values are obtained with a thinner
or Type 2 operating stands are not acceptable for Type M 6.1.1 A specimen may be composed of plied pieces
durometer operation. the necessary thickness, but determinations made
5.1.2.5 The entire instrument should be plumb and level, specimens may not agree with those made on solid
and resting on a surface that will minimize vibration. Operating as the surfaces of the plied specimens may not be in
the instrument under adverse conditions will negatively affect contact. The lateral dimensions of the specimen
the determinations attained. sufficient to permit measurements at least 12.0 mm
Copyright by ASTM Int'l (all rights reserved);
Reproduced by IHS under license with ASTM 5
Not for Resale

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ASTM D2240 Standard Test Method For Rubber Property Durometer Hardness PDF

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e1 NOTE—Editorial changes were made in April 2005.

1. Scope D 374 Test Methods for Thickness of Solid Electrical

FIG. 1 (a) Type A and C Indentor

4. Signiﬁcance and Use 5.1.1.3 Presser Foot—ﬂat circular designs designate

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FIG. 1 (b) Type B and D Indentor (continued)

FIG. 1 (c) Type O, DO, and OO Indentor (continued)

FIG. 1 (d) Type M Indentor (continued)

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FIG. 1 (e) Type OOO Indentor (continued)

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FIG. 1 (g) Type E Indentor (continued)

TABLE 1 Durometer Spring Force Calibration A

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