 Vehicular and pedestrian volume studies

 14-hour classified turning movement count

 Pedestrian crossing warrant: >150 pedestrians, >500 vehicles

 Topographic and road inventory surveys of the existing area

 80-100 meters from the intersection, if local road
 150-200 meters from the intersection, if national road

 Crash data

 Basic Passenger Car Equivalent Factors (PCEF)

 Passenger Car = 1.0
 Jeepneys = 1.50
 Bus = 2.00
 Trucks/Trailers = 2.50
 Methodology
 Comparative analysis between
existing and alternative schemes at
baseline and projected year
 Analysis
 Roadway segment analysis
 Intersection capacity analysis
 Network performance analysis
 LOS v/c ratio
 Selection of the number of
lanes is determined by the A < 0.20
design volume and level of
service (LOS) at which the B 0.21 – 0.50
road is expected/desired to
operate.
C 0.51 – 0.70
 Level of Service (LOS) is
qualitatively determined by D 0.71 – 0.85
the v/c ratio (volume to
capacity ratio).
E 0.85 – 1.00
 Service volume is the
design volume F > 1.00
corresponding to a desired
LOS. Source: DPWH Highway Planning Manual
LOS Description Flow Condition

A Free flow

B Reasonably free flow

C Stable flow

Approaching unstable
D
flow

E Unstable flow

Forced or breakdown
F
flow
 Directional Design Hourly Volume (DDHV)
 Used for multi-lane highways
𝑫𝑫𝑯𝑽 = 𝑨𝑨𝑫𝑻 × 𝑲 × 𝑫
 Design Hourly Volume (DHV)
 Used for 2-lane or 3-lane, 2-way highways
𝑫𝑯𝑽 = 𝑨𝑨𝑫𝑻 × 𝑲
 Where
 AADT = Average annual daily traffic, veh/hr
 K = proportion of daily traffic occurring during the peak hour,
expressed as a decimal (7% to 15%)
 D = proportion of the peak traffic traveling in the peak direction
 No. Vehicle Type PCEF

1 Motor tricycle 2.50

2 Passenger car 1.00

3-5 Passenger and goods utility and small bus 1.50

6 Large bus 2.00

7 Rigid truck, 2 axles 2.00

8 Rigid truck, 3 axles 2.50

9 Truck semi-trailer, 3 and 4 axles 2.50

10 Truck semi-trailer, 5+ axles 2.50

11 Truck trailer, 4 axles 2.50

12 Truck trailer, 5+ axles 2.50

Source: DPWH Highway Planning Manual

 Daang Maharlika (2 lanes)
 Lane width = 3.50 meters
 AADT Composition
 Cars = 7,500
 Buses = 650
 Trucks = 720
 Motor tricycles = 3,800
 K = 9%, D = 70%

 Determine the LOS of this road section of Daang

Maharlika.
 v is the design volume while c is the basic road
capacity
 v = [(7,500)(1.0) + (650)(2.0) + (720)(2.50) +
(3,800)(2.50)] x 0.09 = 1,809 pcu/hour
 From the first table, 2-lane, 2-way highway, capacity c
= 2,400 pcu/hour
 v/c = 1,809/2,400 = 0.75
 LOS = D
 Suppose that due to the development, an increase of
675 pcu/hr is expected to pass along Daang Maharlika,
Determine the VCR and LOS of the road section.
 Two-Way Stop Control
 Minor traffic shall stop before the intersection.
Major traffic is priority.

 All-Way Stop Control

 All directions shall give way.

 Traffic Signalization
 Separation of movements thru time

 Roundabout
 Grade separation
 Separation of movements thru space
 Flow Ratio

𝐃𝐞𝐬𝐢𝐠𝐧 𝐓𝐫𝐚𝐟𝐟𝐢𝐜 𝑭𝒍𝒐𝒘𝒊

𝑭𝑹𝒊 =
𝐒𝐚𝐭𝐮𝐫𝐚𝐭𝐢𝐨𝐧 𝐅𝐥𝐨𝐰 𝑹𝒂𝒕𝒆𝒊

 Demand intensity in any lane group

 A flow ratio > 1.0 indicates traffic demand exceeding capacity,
therefore, traffic flow cannot be handled properly.
 Saturation flow is typically assumed to be 1,900 passenger cars per
hour per lane. Mathematically
1,950
𝑠𝑖 = × lane widthi
3.00
SAMPLE PROBLEM
Determine the Degree of

2,850
Saturation of the intersection
given the following vehicular
volumes per leg in pcu.
Assume saturation flow rate to
be 1,900 pc/hr/lane.

2nd AVENUE 1,650

1,050

1st AVENUE

2,550
 0.73
2nd AVENUE 0.42

0.27

𝐷𝑒𝑔𝑟𝑒𝑒 𝑜𝑓 𝑠𝑎𝑡𝑢𝑟𝑎𝑡𝑖𝑜𝑛 = 0.42 + 0.73

1st AVENUE

0.65

𝐃𝐞𝐠𝐫𝐞𝐞 𝐨𝐟 𝐬𝐚𝐭𝐮𝐫𝐚𝐭𝐢𝐨𝐧 = 𝟏. 𝟏𝟓
SAMPLE PROBLEM
Determine the Degree of
Saturation of the intersection
given the following vehicular

2,850
volumes per leg in pcu.
Consider the increase of traffic
demand due to the proposed
shopping center. Assume
saturation flow rate to be 1,900
pc/hr/lane.
2nd AVENUE 1,650 570

1,050

1st AVENUE

2,550
270
SAMPLE PROBLEM
Determine the Flow-ration of
the Northbound Leg of the
intersection given the following
turning volumes in pcu.
Assume saturation flow rate to
be 1,900 pc/hr/lane.

2nd AVENUE 650

1,350
1st AVENUE

250
 2nd AVENUE

1st AVENUE

1.05
0.13
SAMPLE PROBLEM
Determine the Flow-ration of
the Northbound Leg of the
intersection given the following
turning volumes in
pcu.Consider the increae of
traffic due to the development
Assume saturation flow rate to
be 1,900 pc/hr/lane.

2nd AVENUE 350 650

1,350
1st AVENUE

250
 LOS Intersection Delay
A ≤ 10 sec
B 10-20 sec
C 20-35 sec
D 35-55 sec
E 55-80 sec
F ≥ 80 sec
*Chapter 16 Signalized Intersections, Highway Capacity Manual 2000