Size range of grains Identification Shape of grains SAND grains CLAY grains Specific surface Composition of grains Structure or fabric
Origins, formation and mineralogy
Origins of soils from rocks Weathering of rocks Clay minerals Transportation and deposition Loading and drainage history
Grading and composition
Coarse soils Particle size tests Simulation Typical grading curves Grading characteristics Sieve analysis example Fine soils Consistency Simulation Plasticity index Plasticity chart Activity Specific gravity
Volume-weight properties
Volume: the soil model
Simulation Degree of saturation Air-voids content Masses of solid and water Densities and unit weights Laboratory measurements Water content Unit weight Field measurements
Current state of soil
Deposition and erosion
Ageing Density index Liquidity index Predicting stiffness and strength
BS system for description and classification
BS description system Definitions of terms British Soil Classification System