THE LAW,

TESTING,
EDRE 146

AND ETHICS
PRESENTED BY LANSELLE NANTES
NO FILIPINO CHILD LEFT
BEHIND ACT OF 2010
Purpose:

THE LAW, TESTING, AND ETHICS

"to protect and promote the right of all
citizens to quality education at all levels
and to take appropriate steps to make such
education accessible to all"

(SENATE.GOV.PH) )
NO FILIPINO CHILD LEFT
BEHIND ACT OF 2010

Purpose:

THE LAW, TESTING, AND ETHICS

"to provide the necessary framework and
resources for the implementation of
education programs, projects and services"

(SENATE.GOV.PH) )
NO FILIPINO CHILD LEFT
BEHIND ACT OF 2010
Obectives:

THE LAW, TESTING, AND ETHICS

By the year 2014, all Filipino children of compulsory
age must have completed elementary education;
By the year 2018, all Filipinos must have obtained and
completed high school education.

(SENATE.GOV.PH) )
NO FILIPINO CHILD LEFT
BEHIND ACT OF 2010
Concerns:

THE LAW, TESTING, AND ETHICS

compulsory education
volunteer teachers and student-teachers
huge involvement of barangays
night school
improvement of facilities and resources (internet, mobile libraries, tv,
computers, science laboratory with equipment and tools, etc.)
hiring of new teachers
NO FILIPINO CHILD LEFT
BEHIND ACT OF 2010
Issues:

THE LAW, TESTING, AND ETHICS

"A citizen who may have relevant knowledge and
adequate background and experience, without
obtaining relevant units in education, may volunteer to
teach and complement a regular teacher's function,
particularly in far flung areas."
NO FILIPINO CHILD LEFT
BEHIND ACT OF 2010
Issues:

THE LAW, TESTING, AND ETHICS

Very expensive to implement;
approval of budget difficulties
Huge involvement of barangays
Lack of classrooms and school
equipment; limited resources
Mass Promotion
What constitutes a "highly
qualified" teacher is open to
discussion
 MOTHER TONGUE-BASED
MULTILINGUAL EDUCATION
(MTB-MLE) DO 31, S. 2013
Obectives:
Mother Tongue shall be used as a medium of
instruction and as a subject from Grades 1 to 3.
To address the high functional illiteracy of
Filipinos
To encourage active participation of students
To develop positive attitude towards literacy
(DEPED.GOV.PH)
To develop awareness and appreciation of own
culture
 MOTHER TONGUE-BASED
MULTILINGUAL EDUCATION
(MTB-MLE) DO 31, S. 2013
Issues:
lack, or absence, of relevant teaching materials such as
dictionaries and textbooks
some children do not speak the school’s Medium of Instruction
(MOI)
(PHILIPPINE INSTITUDE
lack of competence of teachers to teach in school's MOI FOR DEVELOPMENTAL
STUDIES (PIDS))
forced newly hired teachers, who lacked experience, to
respond to the needs of schools
dialectal differences
too sudden; poor preparation leading to poor implementation
DATA PRIVACY ACT OF 2012 (RA 10173)
Purpose:
protects the privacy of individuals while ensuring free flow of
information to promote innovation and growth;

THE LAW, TESTING, AND ETHICS

regulates the collection, recording, organization, storage,
updating or modification, retrieval, consultation, use,
consolidation, blocking, erasure or destruction of personal data;
ensures that the Philippines complies with international
standards set for data protection through National Privacy
Commission (NPC)
DATA PRIVACY ACT OF 2012 (RA 10173)

Details:

THE LAW, TESTING, AND ETHICS

collection of personal data “must be a declared, specified, and
legitimate purpose”
consent is required prior to the collection of all personal data
when sharing data, the sharing must be covered by an
agreement that provides adequate safeguards for the rights of
data subjects
DATA PRIVACY ACT OF 2012 (RA 10173)

Implications:

THE LAW, TESTING, AND ETHICS

Grades and test scores of students are under the
classification of "personal data"
Public announcement of grades and test scores is not
allowed, unless with consent.
 NO HOMEWORK
POLICY (PROPOSED)
Details:
three separate bills that support the No Homework policy have
been proposed
seeks to eliminate all homework on weekends for all
elementary and high school students.
to promote and protect the physical, moral, spiritual,
intellectual, and social well-being of the youth
 NO HOMEWORK
POLICY
Views of those in favor:

DepEd expressed support for the no homework policy

bills: "enable learners to have more quality time with
their parents, family, and friends"
“find balance between their academic development and
personal growth"
"to lighten the physical burden of schoolchildren"
 NO HOMEWORK
POLICY
Views of those in favor:

"it looked at homework hours around the world and

found that there wasn't much of a connection between
how much homework students of a particular country
do and how well their students score on tests"
"we want all formal studying, assignment, project,
whatever, to be done inside the school"
 NO HOMEWORK
POLICY
Opposing views:

Lacson: "doing homework promotes a sense of

responsibility and diligence among our learners,
teaching them the values of hard work and
industriousness"
The Manila Times: "They completely overlook the trade-
offs that may be more harmful in the long run by
eroding the quality of education, and as a consequence,
the future competitiveness of young Filipinos."
 NO HOMEWORK
POLICY
Opposing views:

The Manila Times: "Homework is a vital part of

education, because it gives students the opportunity to
apply knowledge gained in the classroom."
The Manila Times: "homework encourages parents to
become more involved in their children’s educational
activities"
 NO HOMEWORK
POLICY
Opposing views:

Cabayan: "Some say students must be spared from

homework so they can get into sports or get to have
more bonding time with their families. Bet your bottom
dollar. Most, if not all these students will just find more
time to stay glued to their gadgets and waste away
precious time on social media. Time which would have
been well spent on learning."
 NO HOMEWORK
POLICY
Recommendations:

The Manila Times: "We suggest that, rather than a “no

homework” policy, DepEd should review and modify
existing policies regarding homework to ensure that
they meet productive goals."
 NO HOMEWORK
POLICY
Finland

short school days, long vacations, and only 2.8 hours of

homework a week
no standardized testing (except National Matriculation
Exam)
at top of the charts when it comes to their exam results
sixth in the world for their maths and science
knowledge
 NO HOMEWORK
POLICY
South Korea

only has around 2.9 hours of homework a week

managed to rank at number two in the world for their
reading knowledge
although, these schools focus on constant testing and
continuous pressure
NATIONAL TESTING
(STANDARDIZED TESTS)
Pros:

THE LAW, TESTING, AND ETHICS

1. Standardized testing is a metric for learning

2. Standardized testing helps pinpoint areas for improvement

3. Standardized tests can help schools evaluate progress

(NIXON)
NATIONAL TESTING
(STANDARDIZED TESTS)
Cons:
1. There's a tendency to "teach to the test"

THE LAW, TESTING, AND ETHICS

2. Promotes a culture of cheating in many schools

3. Scores don’t provide a true picture of a student’s ability

(STRAUSS, 2014)
PARTICIPATION IN
INTERNATIONAL TESTING
Programme for International
Student Assessment (PISA)

THE LAW, TESTING, AND ETHICS

For the first time, the Philippines joined the Programme for
International Student Assessment (PISA) of the Organization for
Economic Co-operation and Development (OECD) in 2018, as part of
the Quality Basic Education reform plan and a step towards globalizing
the quality of Philippine basic education

(DEPED)
PARTICIPATION IN
INTERNATIONAL TESTING
Programme for International
Student Assessment (PISA)

THE LAW, TESTING, AND ETHICS

RESULTS:
the Philippines scored:
353 in Mathematics (OECD average of 489 points),
357 in Science (OECD average of 489 points),
340 in Reading (OECD average of 487 points).

(DEPED)
PARTICIPATION IN
INTERNATIONAL TESTING
Programme for International
Student Assessment (PISA)

THE LAW, TESTING, AND ETHICS

"Given the historical performance of our learners in the National
Achievement Test (NAT), we expected that our learners will also not be
able to perform well in PISA. But by participating in PISA, we will be
able to establish our baseline in relation to global standards, and
benchmark the effectiveness of our reforms moving forward"

-DepEd Spokesperson, Annalyn Sevilla

PARTICIPATION IN
INTERNATIONAL TESTING
Programme for International
Student Assessment (PISA)

THE LAW, TESTING, AND ETHICS

RESPONSE:
DepEd recognizes the urgency of addressing issues and gaps in
attaining quality of basic education in the Philippines.

(DEPED)
PARTICIPATION IN
INTERNATIONAL TESTING
Programme for International Student Assessment (PISA)
RESPONSE:

THE LAW, TESTING, AND ETHICS

“Sulong EduKalidad”
implemention of aggressive reforms in four key areas simplified as KITE:
K to 12 curriculum review and updating
Improvement of learning facilities
Teachers and school heads’ upskilling and reskilling through a
transformed professional development program
Engagement of all stakeholders for support and collaboration
ETHICS AND
ASSESSMENT
 ETHICS AND ASSESSMENT

ETHICS
TESTING, AND
THE LAW,
HISTORY

1932-1980 1964 1966, 1972

Experiments being Helsinki Declaration Unethical studies
conducted without Ethical principles for research on exposed to public
human participants are presented
permission (media)
at the World Meducal Association
 ETHICS AND ASSESSMENT

ETHICS
TESTING, AND
THE LAW,
HISTORY

1974 1979 1981 1989

The Department of Office of Scientific
National Belmont Report,
Health, Education, and Integrity and Office
Research Act outlines principles
of ethical research
Welfare conducts major of Scientific
revisions on human Integrity Review
research regulations
ETHICS AND ASSESSMENT

ETHICS
TESTING, AND
THE LAW,
HISTORY

1989-2002

Education, Information, and

Training in Research Ethics
ETHICS IN CLASSROOM
ASSESSMENT PRACTICES

Do no harm (lack of respect for students

rights or needs)

Avoid score pollution (scores do not

reflect mastery or student achievement in
the content area)
ETHICS IN CLASSROOM
ASSESSMENT PRACTICES

Ensure confidentiality of records

Test takers should be given the

opportunity to know results

Use appropriate assessment techniques

ETHICS IN CLASSROOM
ASSESSMENT PRACTICES

Tests to be used should have reliability,

validity, appropriate norms, and the
elimination of bias

Testing needs to have purpose; should

make sense
THE LAW, TESTING, AND ETHICS

DISCUSSIONS
ISSUES AND
OTHER
1994: scores on IQ tests over
the past 60 years increased
from one generation to the
next (between 5 and 25
points)

THE FLYNN EFFECT

 TEACHER
COMPETENCY

assessing the competency of

the teacher
 SCHOOL
ADMISSIONS

what criteria should be used

to admit students to schools
Differences of IQ Scores and
Intelligence

6 primary assumptions

THE BELL CURVE

6 PRIMARY Individuals differ in basic cognitive
ASSUMPTIONS abilities
(THE BELL
CURVE)
IQ tests are the most accurate
measure of cognitive ability

The words "intelligence" and "smart"

and "IQ" are synonymous
6 PRIMARY IQ scores are generally stable, a bit
ASSUMPTIONS like personality, over the course of a
lifetime.
(THE BELL
CURVE)
When properly administered, IQ tests
are not biased against any group, be
the group identified by social,
economic, ethnic, or racial factors.

Much of intelligence (and cognitive

ability) is inherited.
Music and spacial
skills share similar
neural networks

MOZART EFFECT
CYRIL BURT'S
RESEARCH

The role genetics and

inheritance plays in
intelligence
 REFERENCES
Becker, J. (2018, July 3). Countries that give less homework and why they’re
successful. Retrieved from https://www.geekycamel.com/countries-give-less-
homework-theyre-successful/
Cabayan, I. G. (2019, August 29). No to homework policy. Retrieved from
https://journal.com.ph/editorial/opinion/no-homework-policy
Department of Education. (2019, December 4). Statement on the Philippines’
ranking in the 2018 PISA results. Retrieved from
https://www.deped.gov.ph/2019/12/04/statement-on-the-philippines-
ranking-in-the-2018-pisa-results/
Green, S. K., Johnson, R. L., Kim, D., & Pope, N. S. (2006). Ethics in classroom
assessment practices: Issues and attitudes. Teaching and Teacher
Education, 23(2007), 999–1011. doi: 10.1016/j.tate.2006.04.042
 REFERENCES
Lacson, M. C. (2019, September 2). Lacson: About the 'no homework policy.'
Retrieved from https://www.sunstar.com.ph/article/1821268
Magsino, D. (2019, December 4). DepEd: PHL joined PISA 2018 to establish
baseline for improvement initiatives. Retrieved from
https://www.gmanetwork.com/news/news/nation/717820/deped-phl-joined-
pisa-2018-to-establish-baseline-for-improvement-initiatives/story/
Nixon, B. (n.d.). The Pros and Cons of Standardized Testing. Retrieved from
https://www.whitbyschool.org/passionforlearning/the-pros-and-cons-of-
standardized-testing
Ordinario, C. (2019, July 4). Communication breakdown: Study bares
‘weakness’ in MTB-MLE education system. Retrieved from
https://businessmirror.com.ph/2019/07/04/communication-breakdown-
study-bares-weakness-in-mtb-mle-education-system/
 REFERENCES
Ornedo, J. M. (2019, December 3). PHL ranks lowest out of 79 countries in reading
comprehension —global survey. Retrieved from
https://www.gmanetwork.com/news/news/nation/717778/phl-ranks-lowest-
out-of-79-countries-in-reading-comprehension-global-survey/story/
Pado, F. (n.d.). The Mother Tongue-based Multilingual education(MTB-MLE) in
the k to 12 program. Retreived from
https://www.ceap.org.ph/upload/download/20136/417420447_1.pdf
Paris, J. (2019, August 28). DepEd supports proposed no-homework policy.
Retrieved from https://www.rappler.com/nation/238795-deped-supports-
proposed-no-homework-policy
Philstar.com (2019, August 28). 'No-homework' policy bill filed in Senate.
Retrieved from https://www.philstar.com/headlines/2019/08/28/1947149/no-
homework-policy-bill-filed-senate
 REFERENCES
Salkind, N. (2013). Tests and measurement for people who (think they) hate tests
and measurement. Thousands Oaks, California: SAGE Publications.
Strauss, V. (2014, April 22). 11 problems created by the standardized testing
obsession. Retrieved from https://www.washingtonpost.com/news/answer-
sheet/wp/2014/04/22/11-problems-created-by-the-standardized-testing-
obsession/
The Manila Times. (2019, August 31). ‘No homework’ policy is no good. Retrieved
from https://www.manilatimes.net/2019/08/31/opinion/editorial/no-
homework-policy-is-no-good/608789/
Wall, A. (2017, April 27). Summary: Philippines Data Privacy Act and
implementing regulations. Retrieved from https://iapp.org/news/a/summary-
philippines-data-protection-act-and-implementing-regulations/
www.privacy.gov.ph/data-privacy-act/