Professional Documents
Culture Documents
Arc Flash Fast Facts PDF
Arc Flash Fast Facts PDF
• According to the National Fire Protection Association • An arc flash may be caused by a tool, rodent or other
(NFPA), Arc-flash is an electric current that passes element in a breaker or service area, that could
through air when insulation or isolation between compromise the distance between energized
electrified conductors is no longer sufficient to components. Incidents often occur when personnel
withstand the applied voltage. The flash is immediate, fails to ensure that the equipment has been properly
but the result of these incidents can cause severe de-energized.
injury including burns. Each year more than 2,000
people are treated in burn centers with severe arc- • The intense heat from arc causes a sudden expansion
flash injuries. of air. This results in a blast with very high air pressure
(lightning are natural arcs).
• Five (5) to ten (10) arc explosions occur in electric • When materials vaporize, they expand in volume
equipment every day in the United States, according to (Copper-67,000 times, water 1670 times sq).
statistics compiled by CapSchell, Inc., a Chicago based
research and consulting firm that specializes in
preventing workplace injuries and deaths. This number
Dangers of arc flashes
doesn’t even include cases in which the victim is sent to
an ordinary hospital or clinic for medical treatment.
• An arc flash can cause minor injuries, third degree
Instead, these incidents involve injuries so severe the
burns and potential death as well as other injuries
victims require treatment from a special burn unit. Note
including blindness, hearing loss, nerve damage and
that these are burn injuries, not electrical shocks. It is
cardiac arrest.
not necessary to touch live components to sustain an
arc flash injury.
• Fatal burns can occur when the victim is several feet
from the arc. Serious burns are common at a distance
• The flash protection boundary is an imaginary sphere
of 10 feet. Staged tests have shown temperatures
that surrounds the potential arc point “within which a
greater than 437°F (225°C) on the neck and hands of
person could receive a second degree burn if an
a person standing close to an arc blast.
electrical arc flash were to occur,” according to NFPA
70E. This standard also defines the incident energy
level as “the amount of energy impressed on a surface, • Arcs spray droplets of molten metal at a high speed.
a certain distance from the source, generated during an Molten metal from an arc can be propelled for
electrical arc event.” distances up to 10 feet. Blast shrapnel can penetrate
the body.
• A calorie is the energy required to raise one gram of
water one degree Celsius at one atmosphere. Second- • Blast pressure waves have thrown workers across
degree burns occur at 1.2 calories per centimeter rooms and knocked them off ladders. Pressure on the
squared per second. One calorie per centimeter chest can be higher then 2000 lbs/sq. ft.
squared per second can be equal to holding your finger
over the tip of the flame of a cigarette lighter for one • Clothing can be ignited several feet away. Clothed
second. areas can be burned more severely than exposed skin.
Costs
• Arc flashes can destroy equipment causing extensive The arc flash information contained in this document
downtime and requiring costly replacement and repair. was compiled using information from the National
Fire Protection Association (NFPA), ESA’s Practical
• Treatment for the injured worker can be very costly. Solution Guide to Arc Flash Hazard, and an article in
This does not include significant litigation fees, EC&M magazine (Electrical Construction &
insurance increases, fines, accident investigation, etc. Maintenance) Preventing Arc Flash Incidents in the
Workplace, by George Gregory, 2003.
Medium Voltage Products, 135 Dundas Street, Cambridge, ON, N1R 5X1 Canada, Tel: (1) 519.740.4100, Fax: (1) 519.623.8930, www.ab.com/mvb
Publication 1500-WP001A-EN-E – January 2005
Copyright © 2005 Rockwell Automation. All rights reserved. Printed in Canada.