Fundamentals of Chemistry: Topic 1

(Introduction to Chemistry)

Introduction to Chemistry
CHEM 1: Chemistry
Department of Agricultural and Biosystems Engineering

Bicol University
College of Agriculture and Forestry
Guinobatan, Albay
Engr. Mary Angeline O. Napay, MSAEn
Subject-in-Charge

GREEN ENGINEERING
The global challenge….

The Earth’s resources are limited and the ever-growing world

population and rapid technological development places
increasing stress on the available global resources.

The rapid advancement of technology without regard to the

negative impacts on human health and the environment will
have disastrous consequences.
(Gafney and Marley, 2018)

GREEN ENGINEERING
What’s the initiatives to combat these
problems?

Scientists and engineers now are promoting GREEN

CHEMISTRY and GREEN ENGINEERING

GREEN ENGINEERING
Green Chemistry - focuses primarily on the elimination
or reduction of the use and generation of substances
that are hazardous to human health and the
environment.

GREEN ENGINEERING
Green Engineering - focuses on the design,
development and use of products, processes, and
systems that are economically feasible, while
minimizing the risks to human health and environment.

GREEN ENGINEERING
Green Engineering
•seeks to conduct its professional activities in a manner that
lessens the negative impacts on the planet and its ability to
sustain life and focuses on how to achieve economic, social,
and environmental sustainability through the application of
green science and technology.

GREEN ENGINEERING
The goals of green engineering go beyond the impacts of the products
or processes themselves and must include the entire life cycle of the
materials and forms of energy used in the design.
Life cycle design
• begins with the impacts of the acquisition of the necessary raw
materials. These could include the environmental effects of mining,
drilling, or harvesting techniques used to obtain the raw materials.
• continues through the manufacturing, distribution, use, and eventual
disposal or recycle of a product.

GREEN ENGINEERING
How important is the life cycle analysis?

•Many times, products are presented as green because the

product itself has no negative impacts on the environment.
However, thorough life cycle analysis can sometimes reveal
toxic effects in its manufacture or disposal.

GREEN ENGINEERING
Goal of Green Engineering

•Assure that all materials and energy sources involved in a

process as well as final products are as non-hazardous as
possible, while minimizing energy consumption and material
use and preventing waste generation.

Materials and energy sources should be renewable rather than

depleting and final products, processes, and systems should be
designed from production to disposal or recycle.

GREEN ENGINEERING
The principles of Green Engineering (American
Chemical Society and the Environmental Protection
Agency):
• The use of materials and energy sources that are inherently nonhazardous.
• To prevent waste rather than rely on after treatment.
• To minimize consumption of energy and materials.
• The use of renewable materials and energy.
• To minimize the number of material types used in a process.
• To make use of local sources of materials and energy.
• To design for recycle.
• To maximize efficiency.
• To choose simplicity over complexity.
• To maximize durability without environmental immortality.
• To meet needs while minimizing excess.

GREEN ENGINEERING
• These principles of Green Engineering are built on the idea that it is
easier, more efficient, and less costly to incorporate the prevention
of negative environmental impacts at the beginning of a design
rather than relying on a clean up after they occur.
• There is no process totally without waste and no energy source that is
totally without environmental impacts. But, we have to minimize
these impacts as much as possible while still meeting the needs of
society.

GREEN ENGINEERING
 •The National Academy Engineering lists climate
change mitigation and adaptation, and the
development of clean energy sources at the top of
the "Grand Challenges for Engineering" in the next
millennium.

These global problems are threatening the future.

GREEN ENGINEERING
How to address these two big problems?
Climate Change Mitigation and Adaptation
• Slowing climate change will require new methods for capturing
carbon produced during the combustion of fuels and sequestering it
in an environmentally benign form.
• emissions of carbon and other greenhouse gases need to be reduced
as much as possible.
• adapting to the impacts of climate change require design of
infrastructure and agricultural processes that can withstand severe
storms, heat waves, floods, and drought.

GREEN ENGINEERING
Development of Clean Energy Sources
• in developing clean energy sources, the use of carbon-free solar and
nuclear energy seems attractive, however their wide use require the
development of a more efficient, economical, and less hazardous
manufacturing and operating processes.

GREEN ENGINEERING
 These challenges bridge across the fields of engineering and
chemistry and meeting them will require broad knowledge of both
disciplines.

GREEN ENGINEERING
The development of sustainable solutions to meet these
challenges will require engineers and chemists working
together in interdisciplinary teams on a global scale.

GREEN ENGINEERING
Solar powered fire station
Milan’s Stunning Green Super City
Milano Santa Monica is a lush green super
city that is scheduled to sprout up just
outside of Milan. Envisioned as a stacked
series of high-rises overflowing
with flowering terraces, the self-contained
development will employ principles of
bio-architecture in addition to photovoltaic
panels and solar-thermal water heaters to
cut down on energy use.
Precision agriculture
Farmers use high-tech
agriculture techniques to
improve production output,
and exploit sensors and
other technologies to
create a more
efficient operation.
Reference:
• Gafney & Marley (2018) General Chemistry for Engineers
• https://www.google.com/search?q=green+engineering&source=lnms&tbm=isch&sa=X&ved=0ahUKEwj9qbfw7r
XkAhXO-GEKHS_CAjEQ_AUIEigB&biw=1242&bih=597#imgdii=LqBvGbsmYMibVM:&imgrc=ri2V2Ok4ON7rEM:
• https://www.google.com/search?q=green+engineering&source=lnms&tbm=isch&sa=X&ved=0ahUKEwj9qbfw7r
XkAhXO-GEKHS_CAjEQ_AUIEigB&biw=1242&bih=597#imgrc=DdWa6-6Jb1AX5M:
• https://inhabitat.com/milano-santa-monica-by/
• https://www.pinterest.ph/pin/457959855849375406/?nic=1
• https://www.google.com/search?biw=1242&bih=597&tbm=isch&sa=1&ei=AQFvXcTyGICXr7wPkfeY2A4&q=che
mist+and+engineer+work+together&oq=chemist+and+engineer+work+together&gs_l=img.3...221064.228480..
228640...0.0..1.438.5782.0j27j4j2j1......0....1..gws-wiz-img.......0i67j0j0i10i67j0i24.QGAUk1ANaCQ&ved=0ahUKE
wiE997I8LXkAhWAy4sBHZE7BusQ4dUDCAY&uact=5#imgrc=lX6OtYhmr4I9LM:
• https://www.google.com/search?q=present+world+population&source=lnms&tbm=isch&sa=X&ved=0ahUKEwi
dv8GY8rXkAhUJAogKHYu4BUEQ_AUIEygC&biw=1242&bih=597#imgrc=HsgmTyltUaFBSM:
Next topic:
• Measurement and Calculations

Reporting:
• Physical States of Matter
• Classification of Matter
• Separation of Mixtures
Thank you for listening.
Prepared by: M.A.N 1ST semester, AY 2019-20