Bukka Raya I

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Vijayanagara Empire
Sangama dynasty
Harihara I 1336�1356
Bukka Raya I 1356�1377
Harihara Raya II 1377�1404
Virupaksha Raya 1404�1405
Bukka Raya II 1405�1406
Deva Raya I 1406�1422
Ramachandra Raya 1422
Vira Vijaya Bukka Raya 1422�1424
Deva Raya II 1424�1446
Mallikarjuna Raya 1446�1465
Virupaksha Raya II 1465�1485
Praudha Raya 1485
Saluva dynasty
Saluva Narasimha Deva Raya 1485�1491
Thimma Bhupala 1491
Narasimha Raya II 1491�1505
Tuluva dynasty
Tuluva Narasa Nayaka 1491�1503
Vira Narasimha Raya 1503�1509
Krishna Deva Raya 1509�1529
Achyuta Deva Raya 1529�1542
Venkata I 1542
Sadasiva Raya 1542�1570
Aravidu dynasty
Aliya Rama Raya 1542�1565
Tirumala Deva Raya 1565�1572
Sriranga I 1572�1586
Venkata II 1586�1614
Sriranga II 1614
Rama Deva Raya 1617�1632
Venkata III 1632�1642
Sriranga III 1642�1646
Bukka (reigned 1356�1377 CE) (also known as Bukka Raya I) was an emperor of the
Vijayanagara Empire from the Sangama Dynasty.[1][2]

Contents
1 Background
2 Reign
3 Clashes
4 Cultural and welfare activities
5 References
6 External links
Background
The early life of Bukka as well as his brother Hakka (also known as Harihara I) are
relatively unknown and most accounts of their early life are based on various
theories (see the Vijayanagara Empire article for more extended descriptions of
these). The Father heras theory states that Sangama brothers had a great devotion
for the karnataka deities like Virupaksha and Keshava. They signed only in Kannada
letters like "shrivirupaksha" in Sanskrit, Tamil and Telugu records. Dr. Desai
quotes that ferishta called the emperors as "Roise of Carnatic". Carnatic means
"Karnataka" hence shows their origin from karnataka.[3][4][5]
The second theory states that Bukka and Hakka were commanders in the army of the
Kakatiya King of Warangal.[6] After the King of Warangal was defeated by Muhammad
bin Tughlaq, Bukka and his brother were taken prisoners and sent to Delhi. Both
were forced to convert to Islam. Bukka and his brother eventually escaped,
reconverted to Hinduism under the influence of the sage Vidyaranya, and founded the
Vijayanagara Empire.

Harihara and Bukka are believed to be the ancestors of the Badagas of the Nilgiris
and A fifth, mentioned by Couto,[30] who fixes the date as 1220, states that while
Madhava was living his ascetic life amongst the mountains he was supported by meals
brought to him by a poor shepherd called Bukka, �and one day the Brahman said to
him, �Thou shalt be king and emperor of all Bharatwarsh.� The other shepherds
learned this, and began to treat this shepherd with veneration and made him their
head; and he acquired the name of �king,� and began to conquer his neighbours, who
were five in number, viz., Canara, Taligas, Canguivarao, Negapatao, and he of the
Badagas, and he at last became lord of all and called himself Boca Rao.� Badagas of
Nilgiris have Hakka and Bukka structures in many of villages in Nilgiris even to
date. He was attacked by the king of Delhi, but the latter was defeated and
retired, whereupon Bukka established a city �and called it Visaja Nagar, which we
corruptly call Bisnaga; and we call all the kingdom by that name, but the natives
amongst themselves always call it the �kingdom of Canara.� " Couto�s narrative
seems to be a mixture of several stories. His wrong date points to his having
partly depended upon the original chronicle of Portuguese traveler and chronicler
Fern�o Nunes (Fernao Nuniz), or the summary of it published by Barros; while the
rest of the tale savours more of Hindu romance than of historical accuracy. He
retains, however, the tradition of an attack by the king of Delhi and the latter�s
subsequent retirement.[7]

Reign
Under Bukka Raya's 21-year reign (37, according to Nuniz) the kingdom prospered and
continued to expand as Bukka Raya conquered most of the kingdoms of southern India,
continually expanding the territory of the empire. He defeated the Shambuvaraya
Kingdom of Arcot and the Reddis of Kondavidu by 1360 and the region around
Penukonda was annexed. Bukka defeated the Sultanate of Madurai in 1371 and extended
his territory into the south all the way to Rameswaram. His son, Kumara Kampana
campaigned with him and their efforts were recorded in the Sanskrit work Madura
Vijayam(also known as Veerakamparaya Charitram) written by his wife Gangambika. By
1374 he had gained an upper hand over the Bahmanis for control of the Tungabhadra-
Krishna doab and also took control of Goa, the kingdom of Odisha (Orya) were also
captured and Bukka forced the Jaffna kingdom of Ceylon and the Zamorins of Malabar
to pay tributes to him.

Clashes
During his reign Bukka would also have clashes with the Bahmani Sultans. The first
was during the time of Mohammed Shah I and the other during the time of Mujahid
Shah Bahmani. It is said that Bukka also sent a mission to China during his reign.
Bukka died in about 1380 and was succeeded by Harihara II. It is also notable that
under Bukka Raya's reign the capital of the Vijayanagara Empire established itself
at Vijayanagara, on the south side of the river, which was more secure and
defensive than their previous capital at Anegondi.

Cultural and welfare activities

Even with the wars and internal conflicts, Bukka still managed to help support
internal improvements for the city. Important works of literature were also written
during his rule. He appointed the famous Telugu poet Nachana Soma as his court
poet. Dozens of scholars lived under the guidance of Vidyaranya and Sayana.

Under the patronage of Bukka and other early Vijayanagar kings, a group of scholars
headed by Sayana produced commentaries on the Samhitas of the four Vedas, and
several of the Brahmanas and Aranyakas.[8]

Preceded by
Harihara I Vijayanagar empire
1356�1377 Succeeded by
Harihara II