EXPERIMENT 3

EXPERIMENT TITLE: Colligative properties Determination of the van hoof factor i using
freezing point depression

SURNAME AND INITIALS: TSHEOLE K Y

ID NUMBER: 201801845

GROUP: THURSDAY AFTERNOON 1500-1800

DATE OF EXPERIMENT: 20/02/2020

PARTNERS NAME AND ID: Oratile Chrisson Setombeko 201803250

AIM OF THE EXPERIMENT
The aim of the experiment is to u determine the van` Hoff factor I for the naphthalene which has
been dissolved in cyclohexane using the freezing point depression.
BRIEF SUMMARY
A 20ml pipette is washed with acetone as it is water miscible thus can rinse away water from the
equipment used. The pipette will be used to add cyclohexane to test tube. One fifth of a one liter
beaker would be filled with Ice and salt to lower the freezing point. A thermometer is placed at
the center of the test tube together with a stirrer and they should not be in contact with each
other’s soon as the test tube is immersed into the salt ice mixture. A stopwatch is started and
temperature is recorded at intervals of thirty seconds for five minutes while also stirring the
solvent. Procedure will then be repeated with the addition of accurately weighed quantizes of
0.20g, 0.40g and 0.60g of naphthalene which has been dissolved in the cyclohexane.
RESULTS AND ANALYSIS
All data is placed in graphs and R2 as well as equation of the line is exist in each graph.
Appropriate scales and titles are all included data sheet with raw data is attached.
SAMPLE CALCULATIONS
A)
ΔTF Solution 1 = 30°C - 39°C = -9 °C

ΔTF Solution 2 = 30°C - 49°C = -19 °C

ΔTF Solution = 30°C - 59°C = -29 °C

B) Volume of cyclohexane used = 20ml

Density of cyclohexane = 778.55 kg/m3
Mass of cyclohexane =density of cyclohexane × volume in liters
=778.55 kg/m3 × (20/1000) L
=15.571kg
C)
Solution 1
Mass of naphthalene used = 0.1986g
C6H12 = (12.011 × 6) + (1.008 × 12)
= 84.162g/mole
Number of moles of naphthalene = mass/ molar mass
= 0.1986g /=84.162g/mole
=0.002359734 moles
Molality= number of moles / mass of solvent used
= 0.002359734 moles/=15.571kg
=0.00015154 m =0.0002m
Solution 2
Mass of naphthalene used = 0.3944g
Molar mass of cyclohexane = 84.162g/mole
Moles = mass/molar mass
=0.3944g /84.162g/mole
=0.0046862 moles
Molality = number of moles / mass of solvent used
= 0.0046862 moles/15.571kg
=0.000300956
= 0.0003 m
Solution 3
Mass of naphthalene used = 0.6002g
Molar mass of cyclohexane = 84.162g/mole
Moles = mass/molar mass
= 0.6002g/84.162g/mole
=0.007131484moles
Molality = number of moles / mass of solvent used
=0.007131484moles / 15.571kg
0.0005m
7
a) Y = -64286x + 2.4286
b) Molar mass of cyclohexane = 84.162g/mole
Mass of solvent used = 15.571kg
Conversion of kilograms to grams = 15.571 kg × 1000g/1kg
=15571g
=15571g/84.162g/mole
=188.012238 moles of cyclohexane
c) i) ΔTf = I × k × m
-9°C = i × 11.9 °C ×0.0002
I = -3781.5
ii) ΔTf = I × k × m
-19°C = i × 11.9 °C ×0.0003
i= - 5322.1
iii) ΔTf = I × k × m
-29°C = i × 11.9 °C ×0.0005
I= -4873.9
8. Average of i
= (-3781.5) + (- 5322.1) + (-4873.9) / 3
= - 4659.2
COMPLETED TABLE OF VALUES FROM CALCULATIONS
Solvent Solution 1 Solution 2 Solution 3
Cyclohexane 0.2 g of 0.4 g of 0.6 g of
Naphthalene Naphthalene Naphthalene

TF 30 39 49 59

ΔTf (TFSOLVENT -9 -19 -29

-Tfsolvent)
Total mass of 0.1986 0.3944 0.6002
naphthalene in
solution after each
addition
Molality (m) 0.0002 0.0003 0.0005
(calculations
shown in step 5)
Van`t Hoff -3781.5 - 5322.1 - 4659.2
Factor(calculations
insteep7c in 7c)
Standard 6.0 6.7 6.9 7.00
Deviation

I = -4659.2
GRAPHS
f(x) = 0
R² = 0
Temparature Of Solvent Cyclohexane

12.0

10.0

8.0
Temperature (C)

6.0

4.0

2.0

0.0
0 2 4 6 8 10 12

Time(min)

Temparature Of Solvent Linear (Temparature Of Solvent)

 f(x) = 0
R² = 0
Temparature Solution 1
12.0

10.0

8.0
Temperature (°C)

6.0

4.0

2.0

0.0
0 2 4 6 8 10 12

Temparature Solution 1 Time(min) Linear (Temparature Solution 1)

 f(x) = 0
R² = 0
Temperature Of Solution 2 Of Naphthalene
12.0

10.0

8.0
Temperature (°C)

6.0

4.0

2.0

0.0
0 2 4 6 8 10 12

Time(min)
f(x) = 0
R² = 0
Temperature Of Solution 3
12.0

10.0

8.0
Temperature (°C)

6.0

4.0

2.0

0.0
0 2 4 6 8 10 12

Time(min)

Temp Solution 3 Linear (Temp Solution 3)

 GRAPH REQUESTED ON QUESTION SIX

0
Change In Temperature Against Molality Of Naphthalene

-5

-10
f(x) = − 64285.71 x + 2.43
R² = 0.96
Temperatur Change (ΔT )

-15

Linear ()
-20 Linear ()

-25

-30

-35
0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0

Molality Of Naphthalene(m)
DISCUSSION
Inexact value of the masses have led to the graph being not properly plotted as the points are not
truly aligned as expected of a cooling curve. According to Lee (2010), cooling curve should
show an almost consistent value of the points when being plotted and points often have to be in
line and not a curved shape. The results show that naphthalene has an effect of temperature
change as whenever it is added the temperature drops for each solution with it. Sources of error
may include reaction time when after every thirty seconds as one may be too early or little to late
when recording values at each interval. Electronic sensors can be used to start and stop the
stopwatch automatically enabling full precision of the stop watch to be achieved (Pinker 1999).

REFERENCES
Lees, D. R. 2010. Industrial Chemistry: background of chemicals. Pp. 129-176 in J. A. Bishop
and L. M. Cook, eds. Chemicals Which Change the Reaction. Academic Press, London, London.
Pinker, S. (1999). Chemistry in Action: Re