“DESIGN AND ANALYSIS OF PARKING ELEVATOR PLATFORM

SYSTEM”
Nair Abijith, Mendon Jitesh, Giri Akash, Lokhande Kunal

Abstract

The following paper describes the design as well as analysis of a hydraulic scissor lift. The design is
performed by considering hydraulic scissor lift as a light motor vehicle parking elevator system. The
scissor lift can be used in combination with any of applications such as pneumatic, hydraulic,
mechanical, etc. Lift tables may incorporate rotating platforms (manual or powered); tilt platforms,
etc. as a part of the design. Material selection plays a key role in designing a machine and also
influence on several factor such as durability, reliability, strength, resistance which finally leads to
increase the life of scissor lift. The computational values of two different materials such as aluminium
and mild steel are compared for best results.

Keyword: Design, Analysis, Hydraulic Cylinder, Scissor Lift.

1. INTRODUCTION which can be folded and extended in exact

The most common industrial lift is the
hydraulic scissor lift table. This may seem like
a complicated piece of equipment, but in
actuality hydraulic lift tables are simple in
design.
Hydraulic scissor lift tables comprises of four
major components:
1. Platform :
This is the top of the lift table where lifted
product sits. It can be supplied in a variety of
sizes.
2. Base:
This is the bottom of the structure that rests on
the floor. It contains the track the scissor legs
travel in.
3. Scissor legs:
These are the vertical members that allow the
platform to change elevation.
4. Hydraulic cylinder:
The most common industrial scissors lifts are
actuated by one, two, or three single-acting
hydraulic cylinders. These allow the lift table
to lift and lower.
A scissor lift is easily extended and
compressed, safe operating machine used for
transportation of light motor vehicle to its
expected position. A scissor lift is machine
which moves in vertical direction using criss-
cross 'X' pattern scissor arms. The required
elevation of the lift is achieved based on the
number of criss-cross 'X' pattern scissor arms
attached. The scissor lift mechanism is based
on linked arms in a criss-cross 'X' pattern
direction similar to a pantograph.
1.1 Types of Scissor lift :
The scissor lifts can be classified as follows:
1. Hydraulic lifts:
The hydraulic scissors lift is operate using the
fluid pressure that raises the platform via
power through the use of pressurized hydraulic
oil.
2. Pneumatic lifts:
The pneumatic lifts are operated using air
pressure and they are very efficient because
the power supply is carried out by
compressing the atmospheric air.
3. Mechanical lifts:
The mechanical lifts are extended through a
rack and pinion system or power screw, both
of which can convert rotational motion.
Hydraulic scissor lifts are very powerful tool
for applying a ton of force on the platform
plate of component which is equally
distributed on scissor arms.
1.2 Advantages of Hydraulic Lift :
A scissor lift, or commonly called as a table
lift, is mainly used to lift people upwards with
its criss-crossing foundation supporting
beneath the platform. As the platform pulls
itself together, it moves upright in the vertical
direction and push the platform in accordance
with the height and weight. These lifts can be
controlled through hydraulic, pneumatic or
mechanical power for height extension.
Originally delivered in numerous sizes and
shapes, it is designed and manufactured as an
industrial lift, and has been customized for
commercial and comprehensive purposes.
1. A scissor lift can be accessed to reach
certain heights difficult to reach out. With a
variety, larger prototypes can extend till 18.8
meters (62 feet).
2. They are very simple to operate and
decreases tardiness and exhaustion amongst
the operators.
3. By using a scissor lift, one avoids Repetitive
Strain Injury (RSI) as it eliminates the
requirement to bend and stretch.
4. Weight uplifting is distributed evenly while
using a scissor lift.
5. Scissor lifts does not require any large
containment places, but instead can be stored
in minimum areas.
6. Scissor lifts differ on the basis of power
utilization, and are categorized into hydraulic,
pneumatic or mechanical model depending
upon the necessities.
7. While they vary in sizes, platform sizes,
styles, heights and vertical travel, they are
bound to carry different volumes for dynamic
working environment.
8. They are accessible and can be customized
easily, such as adding a turntable for a
rotational benefit or adding tilters to minimize
the risk.
2. METHODOLOGY
Deflection in scissors lifts can be defined as
the change in elevation of all parts to the
original size of entire assembly i.e. from the
floor to the top of platform deck, whenever
loads are applied to or removed from the lift.
Each component within the scissors lift has the
potential to store or release energy when
loaded and unloaded. Deflection takes place in
all parts of scissor lift i.e. Scissors Legs,
Platform Structure, Base Frame, and Pinned
Joints. To reduce stresses and deflection in
scissor lift the load should transfer equally
between the two scissors arm pair. Base
frames should be attached to the surface on
which they are mounted. The main interest is
made by the Scissor arms of the lift, the
greatest part of the loading is shared between
them and they are a basic element of the
assembly. The detailed study impacts on total
efficiency and benefits from it help to decide
best properties which can give different
materials.
3. SELECTION OF MATERIAL
It is necessary to evaluate the particular type of
forces imposed on components with a view to
determining the exact mechanical properties
and necessary material for each equipment. A
very brief analysis of each component follows
thus:
1. Scissor arms:
This component is subjected to buckling load
and bending load tending to break or cause
bending of the components. Hence based on
strength, stiffness, plasticity and hardness. A
recommended material is stainless steel.
2. Hydraulic cylinder:
This component is considered as a strut with
both ends pinned. It is subjected to direct
compressive force which imposes a bending
stress which may cause buckling of the
component. It is also subjected to internal
compressive pressure which generates
circumferential and longitudinal stresses all
around the wall thickness. Hence necessary
material property must include strength,
ductility, toughness and hardness. The
recommended material is mild steel.
3. Top platform:
This component is subjected to the weight of
the workman and his equipment, hence
strength is required, the frame of the plat form
is mild steel and the base is wood.
4. Base platform:
It is also responsible for the stability of the
whole assembly, therefore strength. Hardness
and stiffness are needed mechanical properties.
Mild steel, AL 6061 is used.
Chemical composition of Mild Steel
Carbo Sulph Mangane Phosphor Silico
n ur se us n
0.16- 0.040 0.70- 0.040% 0.40
0.18 % 0.90% %
%
Mechanical composition of Mild Steel
Sr. Mechanical composition of mild steel (MS)
No. BS970
1. Max Stress 400-560 n/mm
2. Yield Stress 300-400 n/mm
3. 0.2% Proof Stress 280-420 n/mm
Silic Ferro Copp Mangan Zi Titani
on
4. us er
Elongation ese nc um
10-14%/min
0.40- 0.7 0.15- 0.8-1.2 0.2 0.15
0.8 0.40 5
Chemical composition of (AL) 6061
Sl. Mechanical composition
No
1 Ultimate tensile stress 310Mpa
2 Modulus of elasticity 68.9 Gpa
3 Ultimate strength 607Mpa
4 Poisson ratio 0.33
5 Fatigue strength 96.5 Mpa
6 Machinability 50 %
7 Shear strength 207Mpa
8 Tensile yield strength 276Mpa
Mechanical properties of Al (6061)
4. LITERATURE REVIEW
[1] “Design, Manufacturing & Analysis of
Hydraulic Scissor Lift”, Gaffar G Momin, et al
This Paper describes the design as well as
analysis of a hydraulic scissor lift.
Conventionally a scissor lift or jack is used for
lifting a vehicle to change a tire, to gain access
to go to the underside of the vehicle, to lift the
body to appreciable height, and many other
applications. Also such lifts can be used for
various purposes like maintenance and many
material handling operations. It can be of
mechanical, pneumatic or hydraulic type. The
design described in the paper is developed
keeping in mind that the lift can be operated
by mechanical means by using pantograph so
that the overall cost of the scissor lift is
reduced. In our case our lift was needed to be
designed a portable and also work without
consuming any electric power so we decided
to use a hydraulic hand pump to power the
cylinder Also such design can make the lift
more compact and much suitable for medium
scale work. Finally the analysis of the scissor
lift was done in ansys and all responsible
parameters were analysed in order to check the
compatibility of the design values.
[2] “Design & Analysis of Hydraulic Scissor
Lift”, M. Kiran Kumar, et al
This paper is mainly focused on force acting
on the hydraulic scissor lift when it is extended
and contracted. Generally, a hydraulic scissor
lift is used for lifting and holding heavy weight
components. Material selection plays a key
role in designing a machine and also influence
on several factor such as durability, reliability,
strength, resistance which finally leads to
increase the life of scissor lift. The design is
performed by considering hydraulic scissor lift
as a portable, compact and much suitable for
medium type of load application. Hence, the
analysis of the scissor lift includes Total
deformation load, Equivalent stress, was done
in Ansys and all responsible parameters were
analysed in order to check the compatibility of
the design value. The computational values of
two different materials such as aluminium and
mild steel are compared for best results.
[3] “Design and Analysis of Hydraulic Scissor
Lift by FEA”, Sabde Abhijit, et al
A hydraulic pallet lift is a mechanical device
used for various applications for lifting of the
loads to a height or level. A lift table is defined
as a scissor lift used to stack, raise or lower,
convey and/or transfer material between two
or more elevations. The main objective of the
devices used for lifting purposes is to make the
table adjustable to a desired height. A scissor
lift provides most economic dependable &
versatile methods of lifting loads; it has few
moving parts which may only require
lubrication. This lift table raises load smoothly
to any desired height. The scissor lift can be
used in combination with any of applications
such as pneumatic, hydraulic, mechanical, etc.
Lift tables may incorporate rotating platforms
(manual or powered); tilt platforms, etc. as a
part of the design. Scissor lift design is used
because of its ergonomics as compared to
other heavy lifting devices available in the
market. The frame is very sturdy & strong
enough with increase in structural integrity. A
multiple height scissor lift is made up of two
or more leg sets. As per the discussion with the
concern person of DS Engineering, Pune, It is
found that they are facing some problems
regarding hydraulic scissor lift like job to be
lifted are heavier which causes more
deformations in hydraulic lift frame checking
deformations & stresses induced in it is a
major objective of this project.
5. MAIN FAULTS AND THEIR
ELIMINATION
Type Possible Method
reasons
Lift does Cylinder Remove B. Objectives
not work. malfunction. cylinder, 1. As job to be lifted are heavier which
disassemble, causes more deformations in hydraulic lift
and conduct frame checking deformations & stresses
the induced in it is a major objective.
necessary 2. Weight of the Present lift is high,
repairs. Weight optimization is also prime objective of
Leaks in the Loose Tighten the this project.
joints of connections. coupling 3. As loading & unloading is repeated
hydraulic nuts. Loosen there may be chances of fatigue failure, to
tubes. the nuts and check the life of lift.
adjust the tip 4. Design & Analysis of the Hydraulic lift
end of the that should with stand maximum load without
tube to failure in working conditions.
tighten the 5. To check vibration of hydraulic lift
nut. during working time by modal analysis.
The stock Easing Tighten
does not tightening bolts, adjust 7. DESIGN THEORY
create the sleeves the spool
necessary cylinders. valve. In this section, all design concepts
pressure. Maladjustmen developed are discussed and based on
t of the safety evaluation criteria and process developed, and
valve. a final here modified to further enhance the
Leak under Weakening of Tighten functionality of the design. Considerations
a hydraulic an inhaling of coupling made during the design and fabrication of a
cylinder bolts or wear bolts or turn single acting cylinder is as follows: 1.
cover. of laying of a off nuts of a Functionality of the design.
cover. cover and 2. Manufacturability.
replace 3. Economic availability. I.e. General cost
laying. of material and fabrication techniques
The pump Malfunction Replace the employed.
does not of the pump. pump new
develop 8. DESIGN OF SCISSOR LIFT
pressure.
Floor space area provided 7m x 1.524m
6. SCOPE OF WORK & Technical characteristics of the lift are:
OBJECTIVES 1. Loading capacity - 3000kg
2. Height of rise - 2133.6mm
A. Scope of work 3. Rise time - 40sec
1. Study of present design of Hydraulic lift. 4. Lowering time – 40sec
2. Identification and problem finding. 5. Initial height – 0(ground level)
3. Collection of input data from research work. 6. Total Mass - 1046.30kg
4. Study of weight-dimensional parameters. 7. Power supply – 440V
5. Study of stresses, deformations in lift.
6. Study of Vibration and impact resistance.
7. Study of Keeping of service life at different 9. CONCLUSION
loading.
8. Study of Reliable operation. Hydraulic scissor lift is designed for high load
9. The environment should be no resistance. Scissor lifts are easy to use and
explosion, corrosion, electrical insulation and routine maintenance is not required. Both the
conductive media, and should avoid strong mild steel and aluminium alloys are good at
magnetic field interference. their different aspects. Mild steel has greater
durability strength and it is also cheap and
easily available. The scissor lift can be design
for high load also if a suitable high capacity
hydraulic cylinder is used. The hydraulic
scissor lift is simple in use and does not
required routine maintenance. The shearing
tool should be heat treated to have high
strength. Savings resulting from the use of this
device will make it pay for itself with in short
period of time and it can be a great companion
in any engineering industry dealing with rusted
and unused metals. During weight
optimization we are not going to compromise
the strength of lift. By modifying design of lift
it is possible to optimize the weight. The lift
provides plenty of scope for modification for
further improvements and operational
efficiency.
REFERENCES
[1] Gaffar G. Momin, Rohan Hatti, Karan
Dalvi, Faisal Bargi, Rohit Devare,(2015),
Design, Manufacturing & Analysis of
Hydraulic Scissor Lift. IJERGS, Vol.3 Page
735-738.
[2] M.Kiran Kumar, J.Chandrashekhar,
Mahipal Manda, D.vijay Kumar (2016),
Design & Analysis of Hydraulic Scissor Lift.
IRJET Vol.3 page.1647.
Applied Sciences Lappeenranta, Page no.13-
14.
[8] IS800-2007 General constants in steel.
[9] Design and calculation of the scissors-type
elevating- platform-beqir hamidi.
[10] Design and construction of hydraulic
scissors lift- Okolieizunnajude.
[11] An investigation on the dynamic stability
of scissor lift- Ren G. Dong, Christopher S.
Pan, Jared J. Hartsell, Daniel E. Welcome.
[12] Industrial Hydraulics Manual, Vickers
935100-B. Esposito, Fluid Power with
application, prentice hall.
[13] Mr. Deepak Rote, Mr. Kaostubh Kolhe,
(2016) Optimization in design of Mechanical
Scissor lift, IERJ Special Issue 3 Page 35-39,
ISSN 2395-1621.
[14] Scissor Lift Tech Handbook, Omni
metalcraft.
[15] Scissor lift mechanism employing
telescopable electro-mechanical based lift
actuation arrangement- Enoch L. Newlin.

[3] Sabde Abhijit Manoharrao, Prof. Jamgekar

R.S.(2016), Design and Analysis of Hydraulic
Scissor Lift By FEA. IRJET Vol.3 Issue.10.

[4] Suraj B. Dhanawade, Shubham S. Bhujbal,

Rohan R. Dhane, Prof. Rahul R. Narkar , Prof.
Sangram S. Bhosale, (2017), Design, Analysis
and Development of Hydraulic Scissor Lift.
SJIF Vol.4, Issue.3.

[5] Sandeep G. Thorat, Abhijeet R.

Chiddarwar and Suva Prasana Prusty, (2017),
Design and Construction of Hydraulic Scissor
Lift. IJCET Special Issue-7.

[6] Jaydeep M. Bhatt, Milan J. Pandya(2013),

Design and Analysis of an Aerial Scissor Lift,
Journal of information, knowledge and
research in mechanical engineering,Vol.02
Page 452.

[7] Georgy Olenin,(2016) Design of hydraulic

scissor lifting platform, Saimaa University Of