BE101P

Biomedical Engineering for

Computer Engineers

Laboratory Activity 2

Laboratory Activity 2
MR Imaging
Name: Christopher Nilo Caysido

Objectives:
• Explain the physics behind MR imaging
• Differentiate relaxation times T1 and T2
• Apply MR theory

Directions

Study uploaded lectures MRI calculations and MRI made easy. Answer the following questions

Laboratory Questions

1. A patient comes into the emergency room having been shot by a shotgun. What kind of imaging would
you do to find the metal pellets so that they can be removed?

Lead is the primary component of shotgun shells which means that MRI and X-Rays scans can be used to
find these metal pellets. However metals that have powerful magnetic waves should be avoided when
using the MRI scans because this could dislodged when performing the MRI scan.

2. Graph the function of the volage, V(t) generated by a wire loop of radius 2.5 cm about a pole
perpendicular to the x-axis and where a permanent magnet of strength 5.3x10 -3 T is whirling about the z-
axis at a constant angular frequency π.

Solution :
 −3 −2 2
emf induced (e )=5.3 x 10 (π ) ( 2.5 x 10 ) ¿

t = 0, emf(e)=0

−5
e = 3.2693 x 10 sin ⁡(πt )

3. For a flip angle of π/2 radians and B1 = 10-5 T, what is tp for 1 H?

h1 , t p =(( pi /2)/(2 pi (42.58)(10 ¿ T −1 )(10−5 T )))

¿ 0.00058713 s

4. Determine the Larmor frequencies for 1H, 19F, and 23Na. On a magnetic field with strength 5 x 10-6 T. Use
Table 16.2.

𝐻, 𝑓𝑜 = (42.58 𝑀𝐻𝑧 𝑇 ) (5 ∗ 10^-6𝑇) = 2.129 ∗ 10^−4𝑀𝐻𝑧

𝐹, 𝑓𝑜 = (40.05 𝑀𝐻𝑧 𝑇 ) (5 ∗ 10^-6𝑇) = 2.0025 ∗ 10^−4𝑀𝐻𝑧

𝑁𝑎, 𝑓𝑜 = (11.26 𝑀𝐻𝑧 𝑇 ) (5 ∗ 10^-6𝑇) = 5.63 ∗ 10^−5𝑀𝐻z

5. Because of a malfunction in the hardware of an MRI scanner, the RF pulse amplitude is twice what it
should be. The operator of the scanner observes no signal when applying a 90 ◦ pulse.
a. Why, assuming you were unaware of the malfunction, would you find this
unusual?
Because the intended area has a different output than the intended, with the
unusual no signal of the thing to be scanned.
b. Why is there no signal?
The major problem with no signal being obtained is that it is caused with incorrect
temperature applied to the material being scanned.
c. What, assuming you were aware of the malfunction, could you do to get maximum signal? [Hint:
θ flip = γBB1t, where γB is the gyromagnetic ratio, B1 is the magnitude of the RF pulse, and t is
time.]
The resultant magnitude of the RF pulse will significantly increase and can be maximized by
increasing the flip angle and the gyromagnetic ratio.

6. A radiologist has asked for your help determining whether a tumor in his patient has increased in size. He
has had difficulty because the relative intensity of the tumor tissue and surrounding tissue are nearly the
 same; however, he does know the T1 and T2 relaxation rates of both tissue types. From this information,
you plot the relaxation curves shown.

a. Which (if any or both) of the two plots is useful and why?
Both of these plots can help in determining the condition of the tumor on the tissues if the
relaxation rates are analyzed throughly
b. To what would you set the echo or repetition time to maximize contrast(approximately)?
Longer echo wave times make gray and white matter out of of phase and those in a fluid can
stay in longer phases, we can inger that this produces a clearer and contrasting both tissues