Anita (40300118010)

AG 1

ENGLISH PHONOLOGY

1.WHAT IS MANNER OF ARTICULATION? MENTION AND EXPLAIN

MANNER OF ARTICULATION IS THE CONFIGURATION AND INTERSECTION OF ARTICULATION WHEN

MAKING A SPEECH SOUND

- plossive, are sound in wich there is a complete closure in the mouth. So that the air is blocked for a
fraction of a second

-friative, have a closure wich is not quite complete

- afriatif are combination of a plossive and africative

- nassals, are speech sound in wich the air stream passestrough the nose as aresult of the lowering
of the soft palate at the back of the mouth

- lateral are sound where the air escapes around the sides of the tongue

-approximates are sounds where the tongue only aproaches the roof of the mouth

2. WHAT ARE VOICE AND VOICELESS? HO TO DIFFERENTIATE IT?

A voied sound is one in wih the voal ords vibrate and a voieless sound is one in wih they do not
when you touh your adam,s aple and it vibrate, its mean the words that you produed is voied but
when it doesnt vibrate it means the words is voieless

3. EXPLAIN ABOUT PHONETIC TRANSRIPTION

Phoneti transription is the visual representasion of speeh sound or phones by means of symbols the
most ommon type of phoneti transription user a phoneti alphabet suh as internatinal phoneti
alphabet

4. MENTION 5 TONGUE POSITION AND WHAT IS ROUNDING? GIVE EXAMPLE

Tongue position

' lip
' blade
' front
' root
' bagg
' rounding or roundedness refers to wether the lips are rounded or not in most language
roundedness is a not distrigtif
 ' Example
' close: /:i/
' open : /:a/

5. WHAT IS STRONG AND WEAK SYLLABLE ? GIVE TWO EXAMPLE

Strong syllable are stressed and has a long vowel as peak , wea syllable are unstressed and has a
short as its speak

Example : Impolite.

im= strong syllable

po= weak

lite= weak

6. WHAT IS THE SYLLABLE CONSONANT, MENTION THEIR LETTER AND GIVE EACH EXAMPLE

A syllable onsonnt is a osonant that replae the vowel (a)

Syllable L ; bottle, table, muddle, middle

N ; often, ten

M ; same some zoom drum

Y ;sing hang songring

R ;hungry story

7. WHAT IS WORD STRESS AND HOW ARE STRESSES PRONOUNED?

Word sterss also alled lexial sterss is the emphasis a speaer plae on a speifi syllable in a multy
syllable word.

How are stressess

' longer in duration

' -higher in pitch
' -louder in volume
'

8. GIVE 5 EXAMPLES STRESS IN VERBS AND NOUN ?

Verbs : perMIT, proTEST, inVITE, upDATE, upGRADE.

Nouns : PERmit, PROtest, Invite, Update, UPgrade

9. WHAT ARE INTONATION AND EXPLAIN EAH OF TONESMAY EXPRESS PARTICULAR ATTITUDES?

In linguistic, intonation is primarily a matter of pitch vibration

Fall : neutral statement

Rise : neutral question, doubt.

Fall-rise : scepticism

Rise-fall: emphatic statement

Level : boredom-disinterest

10.MENTION AND EXPLAIN 6 FUNCTION OF INTONATION

a. attitudinal function : for expressing emotions and attitudes.

b. accentual function : to know what information in the utterance is new and what is aready
known

c. discource function : to identify grammatical structure

d. psychological function : to organize speech into units that are easy to perceive , memrise and
perform.

e. lexical function : to act as a marker of personal or society identity.

11. What is the purpose of english phonology? Explain by your own words

In my point of view, the purpose of English phonology is to explain how the word are pronounced in
English with a good intonation, stress and accent.

12. phonetic transcription

The firing squad

Two men were traveling together in a foreign country. One night they heard gun-shots and lots of
shouting . next morning they were told that a revolution had broken out . they were arrested and
accused of being spies. They were sentenced to death by firing squad. The first man faced the guns...
“Ready! Aim!...” “Fire!” he yelled!

British

tuː mɛn wɜː ˈtrævlɪŋ təˈgɛðər ɪn ə ˈfɒrɪn ˈkʌntri. wʌn naɪt ðeɪ hɜːd gʌn-ʃɒts ænd lɒts ɒv ˈʃaʊtɪŋ . nɛkst
ˈmɔːnɪŋ ðeɪ wɜː təʊld ðæt ə ˌrɛvəˈluːʃən hæd ˈbrəʊkən aʊt . ðeɪ wɜːr əˈrɛstɪd ænd əˈkjuːzd ɒv ˈbiːɪŋ
spaɪz. ðeɪ wɜː ˈsɛntənst tuː dɛθ baɪ ˈfaɪərɪŋ skwɒd. ðə fɜːst mæn feɪst ðə gʌnz... “ˈrɛdi! eɪm!...”
“ˈfaɪə!” hiː jɛld!

American

uː mɛn wɜː ˈtrævlɪŋ təˈgɛðər ɪn ə ˈfɒrɪn ˈkʌntri. wʌn naɪt ðeɪ hɜːd gʌn-ʃɒts ænd lɒts ɒv ˈʃaʊtɪŋ . nɛkst
ˈmɔːnɪŋ ðeɪ wɜː təʊld ðæt ə ˌrɛvəˈluːʃən hæd ˈbrəʊkən aʊt . ðeɪ wɜːr əˈrɛstɪd ænd əˈkjuːzd ɒv ˈbiːɪŋ
spaɪz. ðeɪ wɜː ˈsɛntənst tuː dɛθ baɪ ˈfaɪərɪŋ skwɒd. ðə fɜːst mæn feɪst ðə gʌnz... “ˈrɛdi! eɪm!...”
“ˈfaɪə!” hiː jɛld!