INTERNET OF THINGS

Abstract
The Internet of Things (IoT) is a system of inter related computing
devices, mechanical and digital mechanics, objects, animals or
people that are proved with unique identifiers (UIDs) and the ability
to transfer a data over a network without requiring human-to-
human or human-to-computer interaction.

Introduction
The definition of Internet of things has evolved due to the
convergence of multiple technologies, real-time analytics learning,
commodity sensors, and embedded systems. In the consumer
market, IoT technology is the most synonymous with products
pertaining to the concept of the “smart home”, covering devices and
appliances (such as lighting fixtures, thermosters, home security
systems and cameras, and other home appliances) that support one
or more common ecosystems, and can be controlled via devices
associated with that ecosystem such as smart phones and smart
systems.

Applications
There are extensive set of applications:
Consumer applications
These are of different types:
 Smart homes
A smart home or automated home could be based on platform or
hubs that controls smart devices and appliances.
Commercial applications

 Medical and Health Care

The Internet of Medical things (IoMT) is an application of the IoT for
medical and the health related purposes, data collections and
analysis for reserch , and monitoring.

 Transportation
The IoT can assist in the integration of communications, control, and
information processing across various transportation systems.

 Building and Home Automation

IoT devices can be used to monitor and control the mechanical,
electrical and electronic systems used in various types of buildings
(e.g., public and private, industrial, institutions, or residential) in
home automation and building automation systems.

 Industrial applications
Combined with operational technology (OT) monitoring devices,
IIOT helps regulate and monitor industrial systems.

 Manufacturing
The IoT can realize the seamless integration of various
manufacturing devices equipped with sensing, identification,
processing, communication, actuation, and networking capabilities.

 Agriculture
There are numerous IoT applications in farming such as collecting
data on temperature, rainfall, humidity, wind speed, pest infestation,
and soil content.

 Energy Management
Significant numbers of energy-consuming devices (e.g. switches,
power outlets, bulbs, televisions, etc.) already integrate Internet
connectivity, which can allow them to communicate with utilities to
balance power generation and energy usage and optimize energy
consumption as a whole.

 Military Applications
The Internet of Military Things (IoMT) is the application of IoT
technologies in the military domain for the purposes of
reconnaissance, surveillance, and other combat-related objectives.

 Trends and Characteristics

The IoT's major significant trend in recent years is the explosive
growth of devices connected and controlled by applicants.
 Enabiling Technologies of IoT
There are many technologies that enable the IoT. Crucial to the field
is the network used to communicate between devices of an IoT
installation, a role that several wireless or wired technologies may
fulfill.

 Advantages and Disadvantages

The IoT suffers from platform fragmentation, lack of interoperability
and common technical standards[excessive citations] a situation
where the variety of IoT devices, in terms of both hardware
variations and differences in the software running on them, makes
the task of developing applications that work consistently between
different inconsistent technology ecosystems hard.

 Data Storage
A challenge for producers of IoT applications is to clean, process and
interpret the vast amount of data which is gathered by the sensors.

 Safety
IoT systems are typically controlled by event-driven smart apps that
take as input either sensed data, user inputs, or other external
triggers (from the Internet) and command one or more actuators
towards providing different forms of automation.

 Confusing Technology
A company operating in the IoT space could be working in anything
related to sensor technology, networking, embedded systems, or
analytics.

 Privacy and security

Fundamentally there are 4 security objectives that the IOT system
requires:
(1)data confidentiality: unauthorized parties cannot have access to
the transmitted and stored data.
(2)data integrity: intentional and unintentional corruption of
transmitted and stored data must be detected.
(3)non-repudiation: the sender cannot deny having sent a given
message.
(4)data availability: the transmitted and stored data should be
available to authorized parties even with the denial-of-service (DOS)
attacks.

Conclusion
The potential economic impact of IoT is huge,but the journey of IoT
adoption is not a seamless one. There are many challlenges that face
companies looking to implement IoT solutions. However,the risks
and disadvantages associated with IoT can be overcome.

References
I Collected information from some websites named:

 www.inno-labs.com
 En.wikipedia.org
 www.zdnet.com
 Internetofthingssagenda.techtarget.com