UNIVARIATE & BIVARIATE

ANALYSIS
UNIVARIATE BIVARIATE &
MULTIVARIATE
UNIVARIATE ANALYSIS
-One variable analysed at a time

BIVARIATE ANALYSIS
-Two variable analysed at a time

MULTIVARIATE ANALYSIS
-More than two variables analysed at a time
TYPES OF ANALYSIS

•DESCRIPTIVE ANALYSIS

•INFERENTIAL ANALYSIS
DESCRIPTIVE ANALYSIS

Transformation of raw data

Facilitate easy understanding and interpretation

Deals with summary measures relating to sample data

Eg-what is the average age of the sample?

INFERENTIAL ANALYSIS
Carried out after descriptive analysis

Inferences drawn on population parameters based on

sample results

Generalizes results to the population based on sample

results

Eg-is the average age of population different from 35?

DESCRIPTIVE ANALYSIS OF
UNIVARIATE DATA
1. Prepare frequency distribution of each variable
Missing Data
Situation where certain questions are left unanswered
Analysis of multiple responses
Measures of central tendency
3 measures of central tendency

1.Mean

2.Median

3.Mode
 MEAN
Arithmetic average of a variable

Appropriate for interval and ratio scale data

x
 MEDIAN
Calculates the middle value of the data

Computed for ratio, interval or ordinal scale.

Data needs to be arranged in ascending or descending order

 MODE
Point of maximum frequency

Should not be computed for ordinal or interval data

unless grouped.

Widely used in business

MEASURE OF DISPERSION
Measures of central tendency do not explain distribution
of variables

4 measures of dispersion
1.Range
2.Variance and standard deviation
3.Coefficient of variation
4.Relative and absolute frequencies
DESCRIPTIVE ANALYSIS OF
BIVARIATE DATA
There are three types of measure used.

1.Cross tabulation

2.Spearmans rank correlation coefficient

3.Pearsons linear correlation coefficient

Cross Tabulation
Responses of two questions are combined
Spearman’s rank order
correlation coefficient.
Used in case of ordinal data