STATISTICAL TREATMENT

OF DATA
ROSVIE JANE T. NERI
What is statistical treatment?

Statistical Treatment is when you

apply a statistical method to a
data set to draw meaning from
it. Moreover, it can be either:
What is statistical treatment?
a.) Descriptive Statistics – it is used to
describe the features of data and shows or
summarizes the data in the form of tables,
charts and graphs; or
b.) Inferential Statistics – which tests a
hypothesis by making inferences from the
data collected and measures the relationship
of the data.
Statistical Treatment of Data
Statistical treatment of data
is when you apply some form
of statistical methods set to
transform a raw data into a
meaningful output.
Statistical Treatments or Methods
1. Descriptive Statistics
Measure of Central Tendency
Mean, Median and Mode
Frequency and Percentage
Statistical Treatments or Methods
1. Descriptive Statistics
Measure of Variability
a. Standard Deviation
b. Variance
c. Range
Statistical Treatments or Methods
2. Inferential Statistics
Parametric
a. T-test
b. Pearson’s Correlation
c. ANOVA
DESCRIPTIVE STATISTICS
Measure of Central Tendency
It is a single value that
attempts to describe a set of
data by identifying the middle
or central position within that
set of data.
DESCRIPTIVE STATISTICS
Measure of Central Tendency
Mean – the arithmetic average of the
distribution
Median – the middle value that separates
the higher value and the lower value
equally.
Mode – most commonly occurring value in
DESCRIPTIVE STATISTICS
Measure of Central Tendency
Mean – it is a mathematical
representation of the typical value
of a series of numbers, computed as
the sum of all numbers in the series
divided by the count of all numbers
in the series.
DESCRIPTIVE STATISTICS
Measure of Central Tendency
DESCRIPTIVE STATISTICS
Measure of Central Tendency
Mean: Assumptions that needs to be
satisfied:
1. The measurement scale of the variable
is at least interval.
2. The data should be approximately
normally distributed.
3. The data should not contain significant
outlier.
DESCRIPTIVE STATISTICS
Measure of Central Tendency
Mean: It cannot be used for
nominal or ordinal values
because adding the data
associated with these kind of
variable does not make sense.
DESCRIPTIVE STATISTICS
Measure of Central Tendency
Mean:
Example scenarios:
1. describing the daily allowance of
your classmates and you assumed
that is normally distributed.
2. summarizing the grades in all
DESCRIPTIVE STATISTICS
Measure of Central Tendency
Median – the middle value that
separates the higher value and the
lower value equally. The median is
less than affected by the outliers.
DESCRIPTIVE STATISTICS
Measure of Central Tendency
Median
Example scenarios:
1. A researcher would like to summarize the weight of
his respondents, but the data is not normally
distributed.
2. A researcher would like to summarize the monthly
salary of his employees, but he found out that it contains
significant outliers.
DESCRIPTIVE STATISTICS
Measure of Central Tendency
Mode – most commonly
occurring value in a
distribution.
DESCRIPTIVE STATISTICS
DESCRIPTIVE STATISTICS
FREQUENCY AND PERCENTAGE DISTRIBUTION
Example:
A researcher would like to know:
a. what religion his respondents belong to;
b. demographic profile of his respondents

(age, race, ethnicity, gender, income,

education, employment;
c. whether people agree or disagree with
the Divorce Bill.