Week 1-5 - Calculus 1 Module

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UUNIVERSITY OF NUEVA CACERES COLLEGE OF ENGINEERING AND ARCHITECTURE
Week 1: Functions, Limits, and Slope of the Tangent Line to the

Curve
I. Introduction
To understand the slope of the tangent line to the curve, we must first recall functions, limits,
and secant lines. A secant line will intersect a curve at more than one point, where a tangent
line only intersects a curve at one point and show the direction of the curve. The first part of the
discussion will focus on the derivation of the formula for the slope of the tangent line using
functions and limits. The slope of a tangent line to a curve is the definition we use for a function
called the derivative.
II. Objectives
After completion of this course, you should be able to:
1. Differentiate functions from relations.

2. Derive the slope of the tangent line to the curve formula using limits definition.
3. Apply the slope of the tangent line to the curve formula in finding the derivatives of the
functions.
III. Lecture-Discussion
[1]“Relations and Functions" is one of the utmost significant topics in algebra. Relations and functions –
these are the two terms having dissimilar meanings mathematically. You might get tangled about their
dissimilarity.
An ordered pair represents (INPUT, OUTPUT): The relation shows the relationship between INPUT and
OUTPUT. Whereas a function is a relation that derives one OUTPUT for each given INPUT.
Note: All functions are relations, but not all relations are functions.
[1]What is a Function?
A function is a relation that defines that there should be only one output for each input. It can be a
distinct kind of relation which follows a rule i.e. every x-value should be related with only one y-value.
Let us also look at the definition of Domain and Range of a function.
Domain It’s a group of the first values in the ordered pairs (Set of all input values)
Range It is a group of the second values in the ordered pairs (Set of all output values)
Table 1.1 Domain and Range [1]
CALCULUS 1 v.1.0 by JOANNE MICHELLE B. AGUILAR, REE 1

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Example 1.1
In the relation, {(-1, -7), {3, 5), (8, 9)},
The domain is {-1, 3, 8} and Range is {-7, 5, 9}.
Note: Don’t consider duplicates while writing Domain and Range and also write it in increasing order.
The vertical line test is a method that is used to find whether a given relation is a function or not. The
approach is simple. Draw a vertical line cutting through the graph of the relation, and then observe the
points of intersection. If the vertical line you drew intersects the graph more than once for any value of
x then the graph is not the graph of a function.
Figure 1.1 [2]
[3]Using basic algebraic functions, what limitations are there when working with real numbers?
A) You CANNOT divide by zero.

• Any values that would result in a zero denominator are NOT allowed, therefore the
domain of the function (possible x values) would be limited.
B) You CANNOT take the square root (or any even root) of a negative number.
• Any values that would result in negatives under an even radical (such as square roots)
result in a domain restriction.
Example 1.2
Find the domain of the function
3k 2  10k  8
h(k ) 
k 2  3k  28

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Solution:
You can substitute any real number in the numerator, but you must avoid inputs that make the
denominator 0.
Apply the factoring method, set the k 2  3k  28  0

factors to zero and solve for x. k  4k  7   0
k  4  0; k  7  0
k  4, k  7
The Domain of h(k)

The domain consists of the set of all real numbers except k = 4 and k = 7 or
{k|k  4 and k  7}.
[4]Limit of a Function
The function
x2  4
f ( x) 
x2
Figure 1.2 Graph of function
is not defined at x = 2, so its graph has a “hole” at x = 2.
x2  4
f ( x) 
Values x  2 may be computed near x = 2

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Table 1.3 Table of Values

The values of f(x) get closer and closer to 4 as x gets closer and closer to 2.
x2  4 x2  4
lim  4.
We say that “the limit of x  2 as x approaches 2 equals 4” and write x2 x  2
[4]Definition of Limit of a Function
Let f be a function and let a and L be real numbers. L is the limit of f(x) as x approaches a, written
lim f ( x )  L,
x a
if the following conditions are met:
1. As x assumes values closer and closer but not equal to on both sides of the corresponding values
of f(x) and the latter get closer and closer but not equal to L.
2. The value of f(x) can be made as close to L as desired by taking values of x arbitrarily close to a.
[5]The Derivative and the Slope of a Graph
Straight line has a constant slope because of its linear characteristic while a curve is consists of group
points that change direction.

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Hence the slope of a curve changes

from one point to another.
Therefore we speak of the slope of the

curve at a point.
Figure 1.3 Tangent Lines to the Curve [5]
The slope of the tangent line to the curve at a point is called the Derivative of the curve at that point.
Remember that the derivative at the

indicated point is the slope of the tangent
line at that point.
You usually need two points on the tangent

line to calculate its slope. But you only have
one point as indicated in figure 1.4.
How can you compute the slope of the tangent

line using only one point?
Figure 1.4 Tangent line at a point [5]
Using Limits to calculate the derivative

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To be able to find the slope of the tangent

line, an approximate value could be attained
from the slope of a secant line that passes
through the given point. Recall that secant
line passes at two or more points on the curve.
Figure 1.5 Secant Line [5]
The secant line cuts the curve at points (a, f(a)) and (a+h, f(a+h)). Note that the difference between the
x-values is h.
A better approximation to the slope of the tangent

line will be attained if you choose a point closer to
the given point. Specifically if you make h smaller.
Figure 1.6 shows that the slope of the cyan secant line
is closer to the slope of the tangent line than the
original green secant line that we use. The value of h is
smaller for the cyan secant line than for the original
green secant line.
Figure 1.6 Slope of Tangent Line to the Curve at a Point [5]
As the second point gets closer to the given point (that is, as h approaches zero), then the slope of the
secant line approaches the slope of the tangent line. This gives rise to the following limit formula for the
slope of the tangent line at the point (a, f(a)):
This is called the Derivative of 𝑓(𝑥) at the point where𝑥 = 𝑎, or𝑓’(𝑎). We say “f - prime of a.”

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Note: The derivative of a function at a point is the slope of the tangent line to the curve at the given
point.
[6]The Derivative of a Function
To compute the derivative function, simply replace a with x in the limit definition of the derivative, then
solve for a function of x. That is, calculate:
Example 1.3
Determine the derivative of f ( z )  z 2
Solution
f  z  h   f z  When limit is directly applied, the

f ' ( z )  lim
h0 h solution becomes undefined.
f ' ( z )  lim
  
zh 2  f z 2  Thus we need to simplify expression
to eliminate h in the denominator. To
h0 h remove h, rationalize the numerator.
 z  h  z  z  h  z 
f ' ( z )  lim   
 z  h  z 
In multiplying, apply product of
h0
 h   sum and difference rule
f ' ( z )  lim
 zh    z
2 2
Evaluate the difference of two
h0 h zh  z squares
zhz
f ' ( z )  lim
h0 h 
zh  z  Combine similar terms
h
f ' ( z )  lim
h0 h 
zh  z  Divide common factor
1
f ' ( z )  lim
h0 zh z
1
f ' (z)  Substitute the limit
z0  z
1
f ' (z) 
z z
1
f ' (z)  Answer
2 z

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Example 1.4
1 3
Find the derivative of f ( r )  r
2 5
Solution
f ( r  h)  f ( r ) Apply limit derivative formula

f ' (r )  lim h0
h
1
r  h  3   1 r  3  Distribute to remove parenthesis
2 5 2 5
f ' (r )  lim h0
h
1 1 3 1 3
r h  r Combine similar terms
f ' (r )  lim h0 2 2 5 2 5
h
1
h
2 Divide common terms
f ' (r )  lim h0
h
1 Apply limit
f ' (r )  lim h0
2
1 Answer
f ' (r ) 
2
Example 1.5
Find the derivative of f ( z )  5 z  3z  7 .

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f ( z  h)  f ( z ) Apply limit definition

f ' ( z )  lim h0
h
f ' ( z )  lim h0

  
5 z  h   3z  h   7  5 z 2  3 z  7
2
Expand binomial and distribute
h
5 z  10hz  5h  3 z  3h  7  5 z 2  3 z  7
2 2
Combine similar terms
f ' ( z )  lim h0
h
10hz  5h  3h
2
Factor out h
f ' ( z )  lim h0
h
h10 z  5h  3 Divide common factor
f ' ( z )  lim h0
h
f ' ( z )  lim h0 10 z  5h  3 Apply limit
f ' ( z )  10 z  3 Answer

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IV. Learning Activity 1.1

Instruction: Use the limit definition to find the derivatives of a function.
1. f ( x)  4  x  3
x 1
2. f ( x) 
2 x
2
3. f ( x)  x 3
4. f ( x)  cos 3 x
x 1
5. f ( x) 
x  3x
2
6. f ( x)  x 3  x

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V. Exercises 1.1
INSTRUCTION: Use the limit definition of the derivative to find the derivative of the following functions.
Use a test booklet for your solution.
1. f ( x)  6
2. f (t )  3  14t
3. f ( x)  x 2
4. f (z)  4x2  9z
5. g (t )  10  5t  t 2
6. Q( x )  2 x 3  1
7. f ( x)  x 3  2 x 2  x  1
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8. w( x) 
x
x 1
9. f ( x) 
x4
10. f ( x )  3 x  4

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Week 2: The Derivative and Basic Rules
I. Introduction
[7]The derivative of a function of a real variable calculates the sensitivity to change of the function
value or output value with respect to a change in its argument or input value. Derivatives are essential
instrument of calculus.
II. Objectives
1. Perform differentiation operations using the basic rules on algebraic functions.

2. Apply basic algebraic concepts and operations in simplifying derivatives of algebraic
functions.
[8]Notation for Differentiation
 The derivative of 𝑓(𝑥) is denoted𝑓 ‘(𝑥).
 Another notation is called Leibniz notation, the derivative of y with respect to x is .

Thus,
 Other notations for the derivative (with respect to x) of a function 𝑦 = 𝑓(𝑥):
Rules of Differentiation
The tangent line is a straight line; since the derivative is the slope of the tangent line, then the derivative
of a straight line at any point is the slope of the line
In particular,

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Based on this, since a constant is a horizontal straight line, then the derivative of a constant is zero:
[8]Rules of Differentiation
The derivative of a constant is 0.
Simple Power Rule:
n is any real
Example 2.1
Constant Multiple Rule:
Example 2.2:
Apply power rule
Example 2.3:
Apply power rule
Sum and Difference Rules:

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Example 2.4:
Apply power rule
Product Rule:
In abbreviated form (which may be easier to remember):
Example 2.5:
Differentiate
Step 1: Identify f(x) and g(x)
Step 2: Determine f‘(x) and g’(x)

Apply power rule and Sum
and Difference Rule
Step 3: Substitute the f(x), g(x), f‘(x) and g’(x) into the Product Rule formula, and simplify:
Multiply and distribute
Combine similar terms

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Quotient Rule:
In abbreviated form (which may be easier to remember):
Example 2.6:
Differentiate
Step 1: Identify f(x) and g(x)
Step 2: Determine f‘(x) and g’(x)

Apply power rule
Apply power rule
Step 3: Substitute the f(x), g(x), f‘(x) and g’(x) into the Quotient Rule
formula, and simplify:
Distribute to remove the

parenthesis and combine
like terms

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[9]Examples 2.7
A. Find the derivative of f ( y)  2 y  4 y  y  33 .

3 2
Solution:
(2𝑦 – 4𝑦 + 𝑦 − 33) = (2𝑦 )– (4𝑦 ) + (𝑦)– (33) Apply derivative of a constant
=2 (𝑦 )– 4 (𝑦 ) + (𝑦) Apply sum and difference rule

= 2(3𝑦 )– 4(2𝑦 ) + 1 Multiply coefficients to simplify
= 6𝑦 − 8𝑦 + 1✓
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B. Find the derivative of f ( k )  .
k3
Solution:
( ) =5 (𝑘 ) Use the rule for negative exponent

= 5((−3)𝑘 ( )
) Apply power formula
= −15𝑘 ✓ Use the reciprocal rule to make the exponent
= ✓ positive
 1
C. Find the derivative of f (v )  v  v 2  8   .
 v
There are two ways to find the derivative of the function, the product rule and power rule. For now,
we’ll use power rule by first must multiplying out the terms. Recall that v a v b  v ( a  b ) .
1
√𝑣(𝑣 – 8 + ) = 𝑣 𝑣 – 8𝑣 + 𝑣 𝑣
𝑥𝑣
= 𝑣 – 8𝑣 + 𝑣
We can now take the derivative:
𝑑 1 𝑑 𝑑 𝑑
√𝑣 𝑣 – 8 + = 𝑣 –8 𝑣 + 𝑣 Use the rule of exponent in
𝑑𝑣 𝑣 𝑑𝑣 𝑑𝑣 𝑑𝑣
multiplying
5 – 1 – 1 Apply power formula
= 𝑣 –8 𝑣 + − 𝑣
2 2 2
5 1
= 𝑣 – 4𝑣 − 𝑣 ✓
2 2

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INSTRUCTION: Find the derivative of the given function.
1. f ( x)  2
2 9
2. f ( w)  w
3
3. f (t )  t
1
4. f (g)  3 g 
g
5.  
f (k )  k 2  2k k  2
h2
6. f ( h) 
h 1

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V. Exercises 2.1
INSTRUCTION: Find the derivative of the given function. Use a test booklet for your solution.
1. y  2t 4  10t 2  13t
2. g ( z )  4 z 7  3z 7  9 z
3. h( y )  x  83 x
4 1 8
4. f (t )   3 5
t 6t t
5. 
f ( x)   x  4  2 x  x 2 
y5  5 y3  2 y
6. f ( y) 
y3
3x  1
7. y
2x  3
8. y  3 - 2x 2  3x 
9. y  
x 1 2 x 1 
x2  6
10. y 
2x  7

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Week 3: The Derivative and Chain Rule
I. Introduction
[10]In differential calculus, the chain rule is a formula for calculating the derivative of
the composition of two or more functions. That is, if f and g are functions, then the chain rule
expresses the derivative of their composition 𝑓 ∘ 𝑔 (the function which maps x to 𝑓(𝑔(𝑥)) in terms
of the derivatives of f and g.
II. Objectives
1. Perform differentiation operations using Chain Rule on algebraic functions.

functions.
[8]The Chain Rule is the differentiation of the composition of functions.
Remember that a composition of functions is a function of a function. The output of one function (the
“inner” function) is the input of the other function (the “outer” function), as indicated below.
Figure 3.1 [8]
“The derivative of a composition of functions is equal to the derivative of the outer function with
respect to the inner function (that is, without changing the inner) multiplied by the derivative of the
inner function.”

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Example 3.1:
Outer function
Derivative of outside Derivative of inside

Additional Chain Rule Notation:
Example 3.2:
Replace u by x
The General Power Rule:
Example 3.3:
Differentiate
Solution:
Simplify applying rules of

exponents
Apply power rule and

reciprocal theorem

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Example 3.4
a) Find the derivative of f ( x )  6 x 2  7 x  4
Solution
 
f ' ( x)  4 6 x 2  7 x 12 x  7 
3
f ' ( x)  412 x  7 6 x  3

2
 7x
b) Find the derivative of y  3 1  8 z

Solution Note: Change radical to exponent before applying the chain rule.
1
y  1  8 z 3
dy 1 2
 1  8 z  3  8

dx 3
dy 8 2
  1  8 z  3

dx 3
3
 5h 4  3 
c) Find the derivative of f ( h)   
  3h  1 
3
Solution Note: Use quotient rule for the derivative of the base.
u  5h 4  3; du  20h3
Let:
v  3h3  1; dv  9h 2
Derivative of the base

d  5h 4  3   3h 3  1 20h 3  5h 4  3  9h 2
 
    
dx   3h 3  1   3h 3  1
2
 
Apply chain rule
f ' h   3 
2

 5h 4  3   3h 3  1 20h 3  5h 4  3  9h 2      Distribute terms to remove
  3h  1 
3
 3h 3  1
2
  the parenthesis and add
like terms
2
 5h 4  3   60h 6  20h 3  45h 6  27 h 2
f ' h   3 
  3h  1 
3
 3h 3  1
2
 
f ' h   3
5h  3  15h  20h  27h 
4 2 6 3 2
Factor out h2 and multiply like
 3h  1
3
 3h  1
2 3 2
terms
f ' h   3
5h  3 h  15h  20h  27 
4 2 2 4
 3h  1
3
 3h  1
2 3 2
3h 5h  3  15h  20h  27 

2 4 2 4
f ' h  
 3h  1 3 4

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d) m  3n  1  3n 2  4  
3
Solution
m  3n  1  3n 2  4 
3
Apply product rule
dm
dn
 
 3n  1 3  3n 2  4  6n    3n 2  4 3
4 3
  Find the GCF and other factors
dm
dn
 4
 
 3  3n 2  4 18n 2  6n   3n 2  4   Simplify the other factor

dm 3 15n 2  6n  4


dn 
 3n 2  4
4

INSTRUCTION: Find the derivative of the given function.
1. 
f w  3w 2  5w  2 
8
2. f h   5h 2  3h  1
3. 
f k   k 2  2  5
3
4. f z  
 z 3 2
2

5. f t   2t  1 t 3  t  1
5
 4

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V. Exercises 3.1
INSTRUCTION: Find the derivative of the given function. Use a test booklet for your solution.
1. 
g (t )  4t 2  3t  2 
2
 
1
2. g (t )  6 x 2  7 x  2 3
3. h(t )  t 6 5t 2  t
4. V ( z )  z 2 z  8
4 3
5. 𝑓(𝑥) = (𝑥 + 1) (3𝑥– 7)
1
6. f x  
a2  x2
3
 x 1
7. f x    
 x 1
8. y  x 1 x2
4
 x 
9. f x    
1 x 
10. y  3 9 x 2  1

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Week 4: Higher Order Derivatives and Implicit Differentiation
I. Introduction
[11]The second derivative, or second-order derivative, is the derivative of a function. The derivative of
the function 𝑓(𝑥) may be denoted by𝑓′(𝑥), and its double (or "second") derivative is denoted by f''(x).
This is read as f double prime of x", or "The second derivative of 𝑓(𝑥)". Since the derivative of function f
is defined as a function signifying the slope of function f, the double derivative is the function signifying
the slope of the first derivative function.
Furthermore, the third derivative is the derivative of the derivative of the derivative of a function, which
can be represented by𝑓′′′(𝑥). This is read as f triple prime of𝑥", or "The third derivative of (x)". This can
continue as long as the resulting derivative is itself differentiable, with the fourth derivative, the fifth
derivative, and so on. Any derivative beyond the first derivative can be referred to as a higher-order
derivative.
In mathematics, an implicit equation is a relation of the form R  x1 ,..., xn  where R is a function of

several variables often a polynomial. For example, the implicit equation of the unit circle is x 2  y 2  1 .
II. Objectives
1. Perform differentiation operations on implicit algebraic functions.

functions.
[11]Higher-Order Derivatives
Basically, when we speak of derivative, we are referring to the first derivative. Specifically, it is what we
obtained when we differentiate a function once. If we differentiate again, the result is called the second
derivative. Thus, the second derivative is the derivative of the first derivative.
Successive derivatives are named in the same way. For example, the seventh derivative of a function is
obtained by taking derivatives seven times (the derivative of the derivative of the derivative of the
derivative of the derivative of the derivative of the derivative of the function).

24
[11]Notation
Let f  x  be a function in terms of x. The following are notations for higher order derivatives.
Figure 4.1 [11]
Warning: You should not write f

n
x  to indicate the 𝑛 − 𝑡ℎ derivative, as this is easily confused with
the quantity f  x  all raised to the nth power.
The Leibniz notation, which is useful because of its precision, follows from
d  df  d 2 f
 
dx  dx  dx 2
[8]Examples
Example 4.1
First derivative
Second derivative
Third derivative
Fourth derivative

25
Example 4.2
2w  1
Find the second derivative of g w  .
3w  2
Solution
23w  2  32 w  1 Apply quotient rule and

g ' w 
3w  22 simplify
7
g ' w   73w  2
2
3w  22
42 Apply chain rule and

g ' ' w  143w  2  3 
3
simplify
3x  23
[12]Implicit Differentiation
A Description of Implicit Differentiation:
To differentiate a function of y with respect to x:
 Differentiate the function as usual when you differentiate x, but when you differentiate y,
multiply the derivative with𝑑𝑦/𝑑𝑥 .
[8]When differentiating keep the following in mind:
 Always differentiate BOTH SIDES of the equation with respect to the same variable.
 The variable that we differentiate with respect to occurs in the denominator of the derivative
expression. For example, if we are seeking𝑑𝑦/𝑑𝑥, then differentiate y with respect to x. If we
are seeking𝑑𝑉/𝑑𝑡, then differentiate V with respect to t.

26
The following examples were taken from the link [12].
Example 4.3:
Note that we differentiate both sides with respect to x.
Steps:
Differentiate both sides with respect to
x. Apply the sum/difference rule on the
left side.
This term is a function
of x, so regular This term is a function of y, Identify whether the term you differentiate
differentiation. so Implicit differentiation. contains x or y. If it is a function of x, then
regular differentiation. If it is a function of a
variable other than x, like y in this case, then
it is implicit differentiation.
Steps:
Differentiate each term using the applicable rules of

differentiation. Remember, for implicit differentiation,
differentiate as usual, in this case using power
formula, then multiply by dy/dx at the end.
Find dy/dx and simplify.

27
Example 4.4:
Steps: Differentiate both sides with respect to x. Use

the sum/difference rule in the left side.
To differentiate product of Example 4.4,

use the Product Rule. Be sure to put all x
in one side and dy/dx (left) on the other
side.
One 𝑓𝑥𝑛 in terms of x
One 𝑓𝑥𝑛 in terms of y
Steps:
Note that both parts of the product are

in function of x: 𝑓(𝑥) &𝑔(𝑥).
When doing each differentiation, be sure

to identify whether you need to do
implicit differentiation or regular
differentiation.
Simply apply power formula since f(x) is a function of

x and we differentiate dx.
Implicit differentiation, since f(x) is a function of y and

we differentiate dy.

28
Steps:
Complete the Product Rule. Be careful in substitution.
Do the same for all products.
Implicit differentiation, since f(x) is a function of y

and we differentiate dy.
Power Rule only since g(x) is a function of x and

we differentiate dx.
Steps:
Substitute all derivatives into the

original equation.
Since we wish to find dy/dx at point (2, –1),

substitute x = 2 & y = –1, then solve for dy/dx.

29

INSTRUCTION: Determine the fourth derivative of the function.
1. f ( w)  3w 7  6 w 4  8w3  12w  18
2. g (k )  k 3  k 2  k  1
1
3. f (t )  45 t 3   t
8t 2
INSTRUCTION: Find the first derivative of each implicit function.
4. 2 x3  y 2  1  4 y
5. 6 y  xy 2  1

30
V. Exercises 4.1
INSTRUCTION: Determine the derivative of the function. Use test booklet for your solution.
d2y
1. y  x 2 , find
dx 2
2. f ( x)  4 x 3 , find f ' '
d3y
3. y  4 x, find
dx 3
4. f ( x)  5 x 4 , find f ' ' '
d4y
5. y  5 x , find 4
4
dx
d3y
6. y  3 x 5  2 x, find 3
dx
3 d3y
7. y  2 x  4 x , find 3
3
dx
d3y
8. y   x 2  25 x 2 , find 3
dx
dy
2 x 3  43 xy  1 , find
2
9.
dx
10.  
2
x 2  4 x 2 y 3  1 , find
dy
dx
Week 5: Prelim Exam

Week 1-5 - Calculus 1 Module

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1

UUNIVERSITY OF NUEVA CACERES COLLEGE OF ENGINEERING AND ARCHITECTURE

Week 1: Functions, Limits, and Slope of the Tangent Line to the

After completion of this course, you should be able to:

1. Differentiate functions from relations.

Table 1.1 Domain and Range [1]

CALCULUS 1 v.1.0 by JOANNE MICHELLE B. AGUILAR, REE 1

Figure 1.1 [2]

A) You CANNOT divide by zero.

CALCULUS 1 v.1.0 by JOANNE MICHELLE B. AGUILAR, REE 2

Apply the factoring method, set the k 2  3k  28  0

The Domain of h(k)

is not defined at x = 2, so its graph has a “hole” at x = 2.

CALCULUS 1 v.1.0 by JOANNE MICHELLE B. AGUILAR, REE 3

Table 1.3 Table of Values

[4]Definition of Limit of a Function

[5]The Derivative and the Slope of a Graph

CALCULUS 1 v.1.0 by JOANNE MICHELLE B. AGUILAR, REE 4

Hence the slope of a curve changes

Therefore we speak of the slope of the

Figure 1.3 Tangent Lines to the Curve [5]

Remember that the derivative at the

You usually need two points on the tangent

How can you compute the slope of the tangent

Using Limits to calculate the derivative

CALCULUS 1 v.1.0 by JOANNE MICHELLE B. AGUILAR, REE 5

To be able to find the slope of the tangent

Figure 1.5 Secant Line [5]

A better approximation to the slope of the tangent

Figure 1.6 Slope of Tangent Line to the Curve at a Point [5]

CALCULUS 1 v.1.0 by JOANNE MICHELLE B. AGUILAR, REE 6

[6]The Derivative of a Function

Determine the derivative of f ( z )  z 2

f  z  h   f z  When limit is directly applied, the

CALCULUS 1 v.1.0 by JOANNE MICHELLE B. AGUILAR, REE 7

f ( r  h)  f ( r ) Apply limit derivative formula

Find the derivative of f ( z )  5 z  3z  7 .

f ( z  h)  f ( z ) Apply limit definition

f ' ( z )  lim h0

CALCULUS 1 v.1.0 by JOANNE MICHELLE B. AGUILAR, REE 8

IV. Learning Activity 1.1

CALCULUS 1 v.1.0 by JOANNE MICHELLE B. AGUILAR, REE 9

CALCULUS 1 v.1.0 by JOANNE MICHELLE B. AGUILAR, REE 10

Week 2: The Derivative and Basic Rules

After completion of this course, you should be able to:

1. Perform differentiation operations using the basic rules on algebraic functions.

[8]Notation for Differentiation

 The derivative of 𝑓(𝑥) is denoted𝑓 ‘(𝑥).

 Another notation is called Leibniz notation, the derivative of y with respect to x is .

 Other notations for the derivative (with respect to x) of a function 𝑦 = 𝑓(𝑥):

CALCULUS 1 v.1.0 by JOANNE MICHELLE B. AGUILAR, REE 11

The derivative of a constant is 0.

Simple Power Rule:

Constant Multiple Rule:

Apply power rule

Apply power rule

Sum and Difference Rules:

CALCULUS 1 v.1.0 by JOANNE MICHELLE B. AGUILAR, REE 12

Apply power rule

In abbreviated form (which may be easier to remember):

Step 1: Identify f(x) and g(x)

Step 2: Determine f‘(x) and g’(x)

Multiply and distribute