BAHASA INGGRIS

KEPERAWATAN 3

Disusun oleh:
Tim Pengajar Bahasa Inggris
Daftar Isi
PETA MODUL.........................................................................................................................................3
UNIT 1: BASIC ENGLISH SENTENCE STRUCTURE....................................................................................3
A. Pattern.......................................................................................................................................3
B. Subject in English.......................................................................................................................3
C. Verb in English...........................................................................................................................3
D. Object in English........................................................................................................................3
Direct Object..................................................................................................................................3
Indirect Object...............................................................................................................................3
Pronoun as object..........................................................................................................................3
E. Complement in English..............................................................................................................3
F. Variations in sentence...............................................................................................................3
G. Auxiliaries in English..................................................................................................................3
UNIT 2: SENTENCE.................................................................................................................................3
A. Simple Sentence........................................................................................................................3
B. Compound and Complex Sentences..........................................................................................3
Clause............................................................................................................................................3
Compound sentence......................................................................................................................3
Complex Sentence.........................................................................................................................3
UNIT 3: TENSES......................................................................................................................................3
A. Present Tenses...........................................................................................................................3
B. Past and Perfect Tenses (present).............................................................................................3
C. Perfect Tenses (Past).................................................................................................................3
D. Future Tenses............................................................................................................................3
UNIT 4: CONDITIONALS.........................................................................................................................3
The Zero Conditional.........................................................................................................................3
The First Conditional..........................................................................................................................3
The Second Conditional.....................................................................................................................3
The Third Conditional........................................................................................................................3
Exercise..............................................................................................................................................3
UNIT 5: NOUNS AND ARTICLES..............................................................................................................3
Countable Nouns and Articles...........................................................................................................3
Uncountable nouns...........................................................................................................................3
 Article The..........................................................................................................................................3
Possesive pronoun use......................................................................................................................3
Noun and Adjectives..........................................................................................................................3
UNIT 6: MODALS....................................................................................................................................3
DAFTAR PUSTAKA..................................................................................................................................3
 UNIT 1: BASIC ENGLISH SENTENCE STRUCTURE

A. Pattern

S+V+O+C
Or
S + to be + C

To be in English
Subject Present Past Perfect Future
I Am Was Been Be
You Are Were Been Be
We Are Were Been Be
They Are Were Been Be
He Is Was Been Be
She Is Was Been Be
It Is Was Been Be

Example:
a. I see a dog in the shop
S V O C

b. They are beautiful

S to be C
B. Subject in English

Noun : Table, chair, car, cat, etc.

Pronoun: He, she, it, I, you, we, they

C. Verb in English

Verb  define the manner the verb is done  tenses

D. Object in English
Direct Object
Affected by the verb directly

Indirect Object
Does not affected by the verb directly
Example:
I give her flowers or I give the flowers to her
S V IO DO S V DO IO
DO = Direct Object
IO = Indirect Object

Pronoun as object
Subject Object
I Me
You You
We We
They Them
He Him
She Her
It it

E. Complement in English
- Place : in the house, on the river, in the hospital, etc.
- Time: yesterday, tomorrow, at 2 o’clock
- Manner: happily, sadly, beautifully
- Frequency: once, twice, every day, every time

F. Variations in sentence
a. With verb
( + ) S + V + O + C : They read novels every day
( - ) S + Aux + Not + O + C: They do not read novels every day
( ? ) Aux + S + O + C? : Do they read novels every day?
b. With to be
( + ) S + to be + C: They were happy
( - ) S + to be + not + C: They were not happy
( ? ) to be + S + C? : Were they happy?

G. Auxiliaries in English
Tense Auxilliary
Present Do (I, you, we, they)/Does (He, She, It)
Past Did

Group Work
Fill in the blanks
 a.
1. I ____________ not a doctor
2. She _____________ a dancer
3. London ________________ a big city
4. The cats _______________ cute
5. We _______________ like watching TV
6. The book __________________ interesting
7. The class _________________ so fun
8. He ___________________very kind
9. You __________ a smart girl
10. I ____________ a nurse
b.
1. _____________you like candy?
2. _________________she send the letter yesterday?
3. _______________they arrive today?
4. ______________we need to read the book every day?
5. _____________he show up last night?
6. _____________cats like fish?
7. ___________ they go to the cinema every week?
8. ___________ I bring the book last week?
9. ___________ she often watch movies?
10. _____________ he always sing so loud?
c.
1. I bring _____________________ (he, book)
2. You tell _________________ (she, the story)
3. Does she ________________ (they, the mangoes)
4. He does not make ________________ (you, cakes)
5. The workers announce ________________(the government, their wish)
 UNIT 2: SENTENCE
A. Simple Sentence
Only have 1 (one) Subject and 1 (one) verb/to be
Pattern:
S+V+O+C
Or
S + to be + Adj
Examples:
I read novels every day
I am going to school
Exercise
Arrange the following words into sentences!
1. ship/violently /the storm/ rocked/ the
2. masterpiece/artist/painstakingly/ the/ his/worked at
3. gift/ free/a/Dad/ offered/firm/the/
4. I/paper/read/the/year/last
5. nightfall/began/cricketers/the/ at/ their piercing calls.
6. wore/a hat /he/ his/on/ head
7. in many parts/coffee/popular/of the world/very
8. cave/could/explore/not/they/the
9. the/storm/house/damaged /the
10. the/dog/James/ talking/was\

B. Compound and Complex Sentences

Clause
1. Independent clause
The difference with the simple sentence is that the independent clause is a part of a
sentence (no period[.])
S+V+O+C
Or
S + to be + Adj
Example:
Mom was working in the kitchen.......
2. Dependent clause
(Subordinator)+S+V+O+C
Or
(Subordinator)+S+to be+Adj
Example:
When the time is up........
List of some subordinators
After Even though Unless Which As soon as So that
Although How Until While Because That
As, just as If What Who Before Though
As if Since When Whom Whenever Wherever

Exercise:
In your group, use the subordinators in the table to create a dependent clause
Example: After the school is finished......

Compound sentence
A compound sentence consists of at least two independent clause.
1. Using a coordinator
Coordinator Function
For To add a reason
And To add a similar, equal idea
Nor To add a negative equal idea
But To add an opposite idea
Or To add an alternative possibility
Yet To add an unexpected or surprising continuation
So To add an expected result

E.g. I am reading a book and she is watching television.

2. Using conjuctive adverbs
Conjuctive adverb Function

also, besides, furthermore, in addition, To add a similar, equal idea

moreover, as well, too
however, nevertheless, nonetheless, To add an unexpected or
still surprising continuation
on the other hand, in contrast, on the To add a complete contrast
contrary
otherwise To give an alternative
possibility
accordingly, as a result, consequently, To add an expected result
hence, therefore, thus
for example, for instance To add an example

E.g. He is reading a book; however, he does not understand the content.

3. Using a semicolon (;)

 He is reading a book; he does not understand the content.

Exercise
Make a compound sentence.
1. Spelling is hard for many people. There are techniques for improving spelling.
 2. Tony is an excellent student. He received a scholarship.
 3. The library is a quiet place to study. Many students prefer to study at home.
 4. Some rivers are endangered. Many people are working to protect them.
 5. You must wear your seatbelt. You might be injured

Complex Sentence
A complex sentence consists of at least one independent clause and one dependent clause

Example:
Independent clause: He read a novel
Dependent clause: after he had finished his homework
Complex sentence: He read a novel after he had finished his homework

UNIT 3: TENSES
A. Present Tenses

Verb
Run (v1) – Simple present tense
Is running – Present continuous tense
Meaning
Rutin, kebiasaan
Dilakukan saat ini, sedang dalam proses
dilakukan, rencana yang sudah pasti (jika
diberi keterangan tomorrow dan sejenisnya)

Patterns:
Simple Present Tense
Subject: I, You, We, They
(+) S + V1 + O + C
I read novels every day
(-) S + do + not + V1 + O + C
I do not read novels every day
(?) Do + S + V1 + O + C
Do you read novels every day?

Subject: He, She, It

(+) S + V1 + s/es + O + C
She reads novels every day
(-) S + does + not + V1 + O + C
She does not read novels every day
(?) Does + S + V1 + O + C
Does she read novels every day?

Present Continuous Tense

(+) S + to be + Ving + O + C
I am reading a novel now
(-) S + to be + not + Ving + O + C
I am not reading a novel now
(?) To be + S + Ving + O + C
Are you reading a novel now?

Group Work
Simple present vs. Present continous
I (study).............................English at Exeter University. I’m on holiday at the moment and I
(work)................................................in a public library. I’m lucky to have this job. I (not have
to)....................................get up early. The library (open).....................................at 10 and
(close)..................................at 7. It’s interesting work because people (always come
in)......................and (ask).........................................me to help them, so I
(learn)........................ a lot about different subjects. I (enjoy)................................the job and
(find)...............................it very amusing, too. People (use)...............................the strangest
things as bookmarks. I have found a rasher of bacon (uncooked!). Matchsticks
(be)..................common and so (be)..............................bus tickets. My colleagues (always
find)...................................things too, even a $10 note, but I haven’t been so lucky. I often
(think)....................................of the photo of a beautiful woman which I found. One the back
were the words: I (love)..............................you. I (miss)..............................you and I’ll never
forget you.

B. Past and Perfect Tenses (present)

Ran (v2) – Simple past tense Sudah berlalu, tidak berhubungan dengan
saat ini
Was running – Past continuous tense Sedang terjadi di suatu saat di masa lalu
Has run (v3) – Present perfect tense Mulai di masa lalu hingga sekarang, mulai di
masa lalu dan baru selesai dengan efek yang
masih terasa hingga sekarang. Penekanan
pada efek.
Has been running – Present perfect Mulai di masa lalu hingga sekarang.
continuous tense Penekanan pada durasi

Patterns:
Simple Past Tense
(+) S + V2 + O + C
I met my highschool friend yesterday
(-) S + did + not + V1 + O + C
I did not meet my highschool friend yesterday
(?) Did + S + V1 + O + C
Did you meet your highschool friend yesterday?

Past Continuous Tense

(+) S + to be (past) + Ving + O + C
I was reading a novel
 (-) S + to be (past) + not + Ving + O + C
I was not reading a novel
(?) To be + S + Ving + O + C
Were you reading a novel?

Group Work
Simple past vs. Past continuous
1. My son .........................a firework when it................................and ......................his hand
(explode, hold, burn)
2. I..........................of the car. My dad .................................the door and.....................my fingers
(get out, break, close)
3. My mum..................................is in the bathroom. She...........................and .................her head.
(hit, fall, get dressed)
4. I................................to music, when suddenly I........................................a whistling in my ear
and I..............................deaf. (hear, go, listen)
5. I......................................in the park, and a man......................me and..........................me (punch,
chase, run)

Pattern:
Present Perfect Tense
(+) S + has/have + V3 + O + C
She has taken care of the patient since yesterday
(-) S + has/have + not + V3 + O + C
She has not taken care of the patient since yesterday
(?) Has/have + S + V3 + O + C
Has she taken care of the patient since yesterday?
Group Work
Simple past vs. Past continuous vs. Present perfect
Before I (visit)...............................Australia, an Australian friend in London (tell)......................me that
I would learn ‘the Australian salute’. “What is that?” I (ask)....................... “You’ll find out when you
get there,” he (say)...........I (arrive)....................in Perth last week. Since then I
(stay)...........................at a nice hotel near a beautiful beach. I (never
visit)....................................Australia before and I am enjoing my stay. Yesterday, an Australian friend
(suggest).........a tour into ‘the bush’. I (agree)........................at once. The first thing I
(notice).....................when we (to be) .....................in the bush (to be)................................the flies. I
suddenly (remember)................................the conversation I had had in London before I
(come)...............................here. “What’s the ‘Australian salute’? I (ask)...........................while I
waved my right arm to keep the flies away. “That’s it!” my friend said as he
(wave)............................back!

Pattern
Present Perfect Continuous
(+) S + has/have + been + Ving + O + C
 She has been taking care of the patient since yesterday
(-) S + has/have + not + been + Ving + O + C
She has been not taking care of the patient since yesterday
(?) Has/have + S + been + Ving + O + C
Has she been taking care of the patient since yesterday?

C. Perfect Tenses (Past)

Pattern:
Past Perfect Tense
(+) S + had + V3 + O + C
She had taken care of the patient since two months before he died .
(-) S + had + not + V3 + O + C
She had not taken care of the patient since two months before he died.
(?) Had + S + V3 + O + C
Had she taken care of the patient since two months before he died?

Past Perfect Continuous

(+) S + had + been + Ving + O + C
She had been taking care of the patient since since two months before he died .
(-) S + had + not + been + Ving + O + C
She had been not taking care of the patient since since two months before he died.
(?) Had + S + been + Ving + O + C
Had she been taking care of the patient since since two months before he died ?

Group Work
Old Mr. Williams was very concerned. He and his wife were pensioners and he
(spend) ..................the whole morning looking for their pension books. He
(look).............................everywhere but he (not be able)..............................to find them.
Meanwhile, his wife (be) ....................................busy. She (cook)...............................all
morning. She (prepare)...................................delicious meal. She (make)..............................
soup, followed by a lovely pie which she (bake).....................................in the oven. Mr.
Williams (always enjoy)........................................his food, but he clearly wasn’t enjoying his
lunch. “What’s the matter, Tom?” his wife asked. Mr. Williams (have
to)...........................confess that he (lost).................................their pension books. “I know,”
Mrs. Willams said with a twinkle in her eye. “I’ve got them”. “You’ve got them?” “Yes, and
guess where I (find)...................................them!” Mr. Williams suddenly remember. “In the
oven, I (put)............................................them there for safekeeping”. He smiled with relief
when she fished them out of her apron pocket!

D. Future Tenses
Is going to run – to be going to Direncanakan akan dilakukan
Will run – Simple future tense Akan dilakukan tetapi tanpa rencana
Will be running – Future continuous tense Akan sedang dilakukan di suatu titik waktu di
masa depan. Diprediksi sesuai
rencana/rutinitas

Pattern
Future tense with To be going to
(+) S + to be going to + V1 + O + C
They are going to get married next year.
(-) S + to be + not + going to + V1 + O + C
They are not going to get married next year.
(?) To be + S + going to + V1 + O + C
Are they going to get married next year?

Future tense with will

(+) S + will + V1 + O + C
She will go to the movie.
(-) S + will + not + V1 + O + C
She will not go to the movie.
(?) Will + S + V1 + O + C
Will she go to the movie?

Group Work
To be going to vs. Will
Steve : Where (we spend)……………………………….the night?
Maria : Cardiff. I’ve booked us in at the Angel Hotel. Why do you ask?
Steve : That’s another thirty miles away. We (run)……………………………………out of petrol before
we get there. I (stop) ……………………..at the next gas station.
Half an hour later
Maria : This road goes on forever.
Steve : We (get) ………………….stuck. The car’s stopping. We (have to) …………………………..walk.
Maria : Come on then. Perhaps someone (give)…………………….us a lift.
Steve : Not a gas station in sight. Look at those black clouds! It (rain)………………………….
Maria : Look! A car’s coming. I (wave)……………………to the driver.
Steve : Oh good! He’s slowing down.

Future Continuous Tense

 (+) S + will + be + Ving + O + C
I will be watching TV at 8 ‘o clock tonight.
(-) S + will + not + be + Ving + O + C
I will not be watching TV at 8 ‘o clock tonight..
(?) Will + S + be + Ving + O + C
Will you be watching TV at 8 ‘o clock tonight

Group Work
Use future tense or future continuous tense to fill in the blanks.
1. I ____________________________ (to do) my homework when my father comes home.
Don’t worry, I _______________________________ (to help) you with your homework.
2. I _____________________________ (not to be) able to meet you because my brother and I
______________________________ (to play) soccer at school tomorrow evening.
3. Next Friday ___________________________________ (to learn) for my French exam and
my sister ___________________________________ (to practice) her choreography.
4. Who _____________________________________ (to be) the next American president?
5. When I arrive at school, my classmates _________________________________ (to correct)
their homework and my teacher __________________________________ (to prepare) a
new lesson.
6. I’m quite sure that Scotland ___________________________ (to be) an independent
country by next year.
7. At midnight tonight, I _____________________________ (not to read) a book because I’m
already very tired now.
8. ___________________________________________ (to call) me when you come home?
 UNIT 4: CONDITIONALS

The Zero Conditional

(if + present simple, ... present simple)
If you heat water to 100 degrees, it boils.
Note: possibility 100%

The First Conditional

(if + present simple, ... will + infinitive)
If it rains tomorrow, we'll go to the cinema.
Note: Possible, if the condition is met/true

The Second Conditional

(if + past simple, ... would + infinitive)
If I had a lot of money, I would travel around the world.
Note: Possibility is scarce because the condition is almost impossible to be met

The Third Conditional

(if + past perfect, ... would + have + past participle)
If I had gone to bed early, I would have caught the train.
Note: Impossible because of the time, regrets (was possible in the past but not anymore now)

Exercise
Zero Conditional

Jane / eat / too much chocolate / she /get / sick

_________________________________________________________________________________
You / not / eat / you / die
_________________________________________________________________________________
You / heat / ice / it / melts
_________________________________________________________________________________

First Conditional

1. If you _________________ (not study), you _____________ (fail) the test.

2. I _____________ (lend) you my umbrella if you _____________ (need) it.
3. If I ________________ (be late), I _______________ (call) you.

Second Conditional

1. If you _______________ (leave) your job, you ________________ (travel) around the
world.
2. If you _____________ (be) nicer to him, he ____________________(lend) you the money
3. It _________________(be) nice if the rain ____________________(stop)!
Third Conditional

1. He crashed his car, because he fell asleep while driving. If he __________________(fall)

asleep while driving, he _____________________(crash) his car.
2. I lost my job because I was late for work. I ____________________ (loose) my job if I
___________________ (be)late for work.
3. We couldn't go to the concert, because we didn't have enough money. If we
_________________ (have)enough money, we ____________________ (go)to the concert.

Mixed Conditionals

1. If it is sunny tomorrow _______________________________________________

2. If you sit in the sun too long __________________________________________
3. If I were you _______________________________________________________
4. If I were the President___________________________________________
5. If she had studied harder _____________________________________________
6. If I won the lottery __________________________________________________
7. If I hadn’t gone to bed so late _________________________________________
8. If I hadn’t come to London ___________________________________________
9. If you mix water and electricity ________________________________________
10. If she hadn’t stayed at home __________________________________________
11. If I go out tonight___________________________________________________
12. If I were on holiday today ____________________________________________
13. If I had listened to my mother _________________________________________
14. If I hadn’t eaten so much _____________________________________________
15. If it rains later ______________________________________________________
16. If I were British ____________________________________________________
17. If I were the opposite sex ____________________________________________
18. If I have enough money ______________________________________________
19. If you don’t wear a coat in the winter ___________________________________
20. If I weren’t studying English __________________________________________
 UNIT 5: NOUNS AND ARTICLES

Countable Nouns and Articles

Noun atau kata benda dalam bahasa Inggris disebut countable noun jika bisa dihitung.

Example:
Computer
Chair
Envelope
Teacher
Oven

Countable noun terdiri dari:

a. Singular
Singular countable noun adalah benda yang bisa dihitung dan jumlahnya hanya ada
satu. Kata benda jenis ini selalu didahului oleh article a (untuk konsonan
berdasarkan pengucapan) dan article an (untuk vokal berdasarkan pengucapan) jika
baru pertama kali disebutkan dalam suatu percakapan atau teks.

Examples:
A computer
A chair
An envelope
A teacher
An oven

b. Plural
Plural countable noun adalah benda yang bisa dihitung dan jumlahnya lebih dari
satu. Biasanya diakhiri dengan huruf s/es
Examples:
Singular Plural
A computer Computers
A chair Chairs
An envelope Envelopes
A teacher Teachers
An oven Ovens

Beberapa kata benda atau noun berubah bentuk dalam bentuk pluralnya.
 Beberapa kata benda atau noun memiliki bentuk singular dan plural yang sama

Beberapa kata benda selalu berbentuk plural

Uncountable nouns
Uncountable nouns adalah benda yang tidak dapat dihitung. Uncountable nouns
ketika disebut pertama kali, tidak menggunakan article
Examples:
Sugar
Rice
Flour

Uncountable nouns dapat akan menyandang article jika ditambahkan kata yang bisa
dihitung.
Examples:
A teaspoon of sugar
A kilo of rice

Article digunakan karena teaspoon dan kilo dapat dihitung.

Article The
Article the digunakan jika kata benda:
1. Hanya ada satu di dunia
Examples:
The sun
The moon
The president of Indonesia
2. Sudah pernah disebutkan
Examples:
I want to buy a book. I am going to give the book to my sister.

Possesive pronoun use

Untuk menyatakan kepemilikan suatu benda, digunakan possessive pronoun.

Pronoun Possessive pronoun

I My
You Your
He His
She Her
They Their
We Our

Examples:
This is my book, not his book.

Noun and Adjectives

Untuk memperjelas suatu kata benda, kata benda sering ditambahkan kata sifat atau
adjectives
Examples of adjective:
Big
Long
Thin
Beautiful
Cold

Ketika singular countable noun ditambahkan adjective, article tetap disertakan.

Examples:
A big house
A long road
A thin boy
Exercise 1
 Fill in the correct article (a, an, or the)

Exercise 2
 UNIT 6: MODALS

A. List of Modals

Exercise
Fill in the blanks in the following sentences by using appropriate modals.
1. __________ you please tell me the direction to the hotel?
2. You __________ pay in cash. They do not accept credit cards.
3. I __________ come home from the office today.
4. __________ I help you?
5. You __________ clean your room.
6. We ________ keep the lights and fans switched off when they are not in use.
7. We __________ improve the existing education system.
8. __________ you have a wonderful day!
9. I __________ go to see the movie. The reviews are good.
10. She __________ take her meals regularly.
B. List of Modals 2

Exercise

1. This is a very precious book. You ________ lose it.

a) must b) mustn't c) needn't
2. He will be having lessons for another two hours. We _________ visit him now.
a) must b) mustn't c) needn't
3. You _________ wash those carrots. They've already been washed.
a) must b) mustn't c) needn't
4. We _______ hurry. We've got plenty of time.
a) must b) mustn't c) needn't
5. We have enough milk in the fridge so we __________ buy some more.
a) must b) mustn't c) needn't
6. This is a very great novel. You _______ read it.
a) must b) mustn't c) needn't
7. Time is not on our side. We _________ hurry.
a) must b) mustn't c) needn't
8. 'What kind of car do you want to buy? Something flashy?' 'Well, it __________ be flashy -
that's not important.'
 a) must b) mustn't c) needn't
9. Tim gave me a mail to send. I ___________ remember to mail it.
a) must b) mustn't c) needn't
10. Mary gave me a letter to post. I __________ forget to mail it.
a) must b) mustn't c) needn't
 DAFTAR PUSTAKA

1. Alexander, L.G..1998. Longman English Grammar Practice (Intermediate). Longman Group:UK.

2. Eastbook, J. 1987. Basic English Grammar Exercise.Oxford: UK
3. Hoshima, Alice, Anne Hogue. 2005. Writing Academic English. Pearson Longman: UK.