“Verbal Abuse Among Grade 11 Students:

Causes and Manifestations”

Members:
Baron, Jenny
Bistida, Gerlyn
Casuna, Heart
Cometa, Roel
Mahusay, Arlene
Polancos, Jaira
Paquibot,Jehan

March 2020
 Chapter 1
Rationale

verbal abuse is a very serious case wherein it leads a lot of bad affects

towards the student who are verbally abuse. Well aside from it is rampant in the

society right now it also need to be minimize and prevented .Verbal abuse might

change a student perception in life and give ignorance that might lead the

students to a wrong path of learning. People have different sensitivity and it

should kept on accommodating our words before we speak.

Abuse can lead the students or children to a wide range of adverse

consequences. Not all children exposed to similar experiences of abuse and

negligence are affected in the same way. Verbal abuse (also verbal attack or

verbal assault) is the act of forcefully criticizing, insulting, or denouncing another

person. Characterized by underlying anger and hostility, it is a destructive form of

communication intended to harm the self-concept of the other person and

produce negative emotions. Verbal abuse is a maladaptive mechanism that

anyone can display occasionally, such as during times of high stress or physical

discomfort. For some people, it is a pattern of behaviors used intentionally to

control or manipulate others or to get revenge.

According to Benj Vardigan (2007) all heard the adage, "Sticks and

stones may break my bones, but names will never hurt me." Yet name-calling

does hurt -- especially when the person doing it is a parent, a teacher, or a

coach. Hollering might strike students as a natural and effective form of

discipline if were brought up with it. But for children it can cause emotional

trauma that result in long-lasting harm.

Among other effects, verbal abuse can undermine child's self-esteem, damage

his ability to trust and form relationships, and chip away at academic and social

skills. In fact, current research shows that verbal abuse of children can be just as

destructive emotionally as physical and sexual abuse and puts them in as much

risk for depression and anxiety.

This study aims to have a better understanding towards the students who are

verbally abuse by their parents .researchers wants to know the effects of the

behavior.
 Theoritical background

Interactive Theory

According to Sandra Sharpe,(2014). Unlike other theories, the interactive

theory addresses more than just a text being used. If focuses on the reader’s

interaction with the text , and three elements in the reading process. First the

author’s purpose for writing the text is indentified prior to reading and during the

process of reading the text . Second, the theory addresses the actual text itself

and how the author uses the text to talk to the reader. Finally, the theory looks at

how the reader constructs meaning form the text and make connections to what

they already know.

Interactive theory (IT) is an approach to questions about social cognition, or

how one understands other people, that focuses on bodily behaviors and

environmental contexts rather than on mental processes. IT argues against two

other contemporary approaches to social cognition (or what is sometimes called

‘theory of mind’), namely theory theory (TT) and simulation theory (ST). For TT

and ST, the primary way of understanding others is by means of ‘mindreading’ or

‘metalizing’ – processes that depend on either theoretical inference from folk

psychology, or simulation. In contrast, for IT, the minds of others are understood

primarily through our embodied interactive relations. IT draws on interdisciplinary

studies and appeals to evidence developed in developmental psychology,

phenomenology, and neuroscience. (Probst, R. E.).

 The interactive reading model, as developed by David E. Rumelhart in 1977,

describes a reading process and the way linguistic elements are processed and

interpreted by the brain. The model combines both surface structure systems,

such as the sensory, bottom-up portion of reading with deep structure systems,

such as the thinking, or top-down, aspects of reading to build meaning and

memory for all learners. ( Alicia Anthony, 2018).

Readers use both knowledge of word structure and background knowledge

to interpret the texts they read. For example, a student who encounters an

unknown word might use surface structure systems like graph phonic, or letter-

sound, knowledge to decode the word. A different student might find it easier to

use deep structure systems like semantic knowledge, such as meaning and

vocabulary, to decode the same unknown word. Each student makes

connections in different ways. This process validates and supports both methods

of understanding, realizing that individuals process information in very different

ways.

Determination Theory

Self-Determination Theory (SDT) represents a broad framework for the

study of human motivation and personality. SDT articulates a meta-theory for

framing motivational studies, a formal theory that defines intrinsic and varied

extrinsic sources of motivation, and a description of the respective roles of

intrinsic and types of extrinsic motivation in cognitive and social development and

in individual differences. Perhaps more importantly, SDT propositions also focus

on how social and cultural factors facilitate or undermine people’s sense of

volition and initiative, in addition to their well-being and the quality of their

performance.
 Conditions supporting the individual’s experience of autonomy, competence,

and relatedness are argued to foster the most volitional and high quality forms of

motivation and engagement for activities, including enhanced performance,

persistence, and creativity. In addition, SDT proposes that the degree to which

any of these three psychological needs is unsupported or thwarted within a social

context will have a robust detrimental impact on wellness in that setting. (Ryan,

R. M., & Deci, E. L. 2000).

Phenomenological Theory

Phenomenological approaches to personality take human experience or

subjectivity as their primary focus. Phenomenological theorists assert that

obtaining accurate knowledge of another person requires understanding how that

person experiences the world. Personal experience constitutes immediate reality.

A secondary focus of phenomenological theories is the self. The self is thought of

as a cognitive-affective .

An approach to personality theory that places questions of individuals' current

experiences of themselves and their world at the center of analyses of

personality functioning and change. See also personal construct. structure

through which experience is filtered.

 Theoritical Framework

Verbal abuse Among grade 11 students: Causes and

Manifestation

The researchers aim to know the effects

of being abuse verbally

Phenomenoligical Theory

Self determination
Theory
Interaction Theory

To prevent mental and physical abuse of a student.

Figure 1: Theoretical Framework

 Statement of The Problem

The study determined the Verbal Abuse Among Grade 11: Causes and

Manifestation students in Asian Learning Center in the year 2019-2020. The

finding of the studies will be the bases of the teachers to understand and help

the student cope-up with the problem.

Specifically, It will be answered by the following questions:

1. The background of the respondents in term of:

1.1 Gender;

1.2 Age; and

2. What are the main causes of verbal abuse by their parents in term of:

2.1 Mistakes;

2.2 Low Grades; and

2.3 Failures

3. What are the factors of the students in verbal abuse by their parents in

term of:

3.1 Academic Factor?

4. Is there any significant relationship between verbal abuse by their parents

in term of:

4.1 Mental;

4.2 Social; and

4.3 Physical?
 Significance of the study

The study aims that the result of the research will provide helpful solution

and information which would be beneficial to the following stakeholder.

School will be able to help the students to manage the behavior of the students.

Teacher. will able to control the behavior of the students towards the

relationship of their parents.

student be able to know how to deal problems.

Researcher determine what are the effects of verbally abused by their parents.

Future Researcher. can benefit to this study through collecting data that can

provide them better understanding and to make solution to the problem related to

our study.it will be applicable and helpful as a secondary sources.

 Definition of Terms

The following are defined to fully understand the ideas presented and

discussed by the research and study. The researchers interpreted the following

terminology. Includes the Effectiveness of presenting the message or writing the

author. The finding supported the applicability of the following theories. It would

be helpful in achieving the purpose and the goal of conducting study.

Verbal abuse

Verbal abuse is the act of forcefully criticizing, insulting, or

denouncing another person characterized by underlying anger and hostility, it is a

destructive form of communication intended to harm the self-concept of the other

person and produce negative emotions.

HUMSS

Strands for humanities and social sciences. It is one of the strands

offered to senior high students. This strand is for learners who aim to take up

journalism, communication arts, liberal arts,education and other social science-

related courses in college.

Depressive

Causing feelings of hopelessness, despondency, and dejection

Self determination

The process by which a person controls their own life.

Phenomenological

an approach to personality theory that places questions of individuals'

current experiences of themselves and their world at the center of analyses of

personality functioning and change. See also personal construct.

 Chapter 2

Related Literature

According to the research of Direnturial (2002).Verbally and emotionally

abuse children are more incline to be violent and cruel toward them friends as a

result of the viciousness and cruelly they have experienced throughout their life.

These abused children tend to treat their friends or peers poorly and became

verbally and emotionally abusive toward them because they were raised thinking

that it is “norma”. Imagine trying to be friend with someone who is constantly

putting you down, telling you and making you think that you are not good

enough.children who are victim of verbal abuse struggle keeping friendships and

maintaining a healthy social life in general. During a child’s early years this may

not be an obvious observation, but closer to adolescence and adulthood,it could

be a serious problem.

Specifically, the literature above explains that about verbal abuse and

emotional towards a person who experience abuse. This study tend to focus

about ehat will be the behavior and what are the effects of being abuse. Children

who are physically and mentally have a situation like this, must be given more

attention and needs help to lessen their anxiety.

Different researchers have defined verbal abuse differently. Some of

these are “negative statements by significant others’ (Campbell 1986). A verbal

act that has the intent or perceived intent to symbolically hurt or threaten to hurt

an other (hyden 1998),and constant name caling, harsh threats, and sarcastic

comments that continually “beat down” the childs esteem with numilation pearl,

(1994 as cited in hamarman and bemet 2000). Verbal abuse has also been used

interchangebly or as a “proxy” for emotional abuse (Hart,German,and Bcassard

1997) there inconsistent make the task of defeeting, accessing and validating

verbal abuse extremely difficult.

 The statement above state that a verbal abuse has different perception

defined frome different researchers in which verbal abuse is defined in negative

way. Verbal abuse is a serious issue where it is needed to be resolve, Since it is

rampant to our society right now. There are a lot of students experience being

verbally abused by their parents and it lead their confidence to a lower esteem,

since they reviewed hurtful and sarcastic words that continue destroy their

emotions.
 Related Study

Introduction
According to the study of Che Hasniza(2012). Every child has the right to

health and a life free from violence. Each year, thousands of children are reported

as victims of child abuse and neglect. Child abuse is a huge global problem

with a serious impact on the child’s physical and mental health, well-being and

development throughout their live. As such, it poses problem for the society in

general. Child abuse refers to the physical and emotional mistreatment, sexual

abuse, neglect and negligent treatment of children, as well as to their commercial

or other exploitation. Child abuse is generally divided into four different types of

abuse which are: physical abuse, sexual abuse, emotional abuse and neglect.

One common type of emotional abuse is verbal abuse.

Accordingly, the statement above defines that there are a lot of victims

of different kinds and maltreatment specifically verbal abuse. The verbal abuse

would be the main reason of the child’s physical and mental health disorder and

can lead to anxiety and depression. The study strongly disagree about the

maltreatment that is still going on nowadays. Not only in one specific country but

it is happening all around the world.

According to the research of Lani Thomason(2018). One mode of

parental communication can be that of verbal abuse. Verbal abuse is any

gesture or remark that is intended to cause distress and is perceived as

demeaning, humiliating, intimidating, or disrespectful (Brennan, 2001; Howells-

Johnson, 2000). Abuse, in general, has been of great interest to counselors,

especially when examining a child’s environment and the effects abuse has on

future development. Numerous studies have been conducted on the effects of

abuse on both current and future development, but these studies primary focus

has been on physical or sexual abuse. Few studies have been conducted on

verbal abuse,
 specifically (Hutchinson & Mueller, 2008), but research suggests that verbal

abuse may have a greater effect on an individual’s psychological or mental

health functioning (Gadit, 2011; Tencer, 2002) compared to physical or sexual

abuse. More studies are being done to address this gap in the literature

examining the effects that verbal abuse has on individuals, but most of these

studies include individuals who have experienced verbal abuse along with

physical and/or sexual abuse. In this study, I addressed the gap of examining

individuals who have been verbally abused in their childhood.

 Overall Summary

Verbal Abuse: Causes and Manifestations. The purpose of this study is to

have a better understanding towards the students who are verbally abuse by

their parents .researchers wants to know the effects of the behavior. Abuse can

lead the students or children to a wide range of adverse consequences. Not all

children exposed to similar experiences of abuse and negligence are affected in

the same way. Verbal abuse is a maladaptive mechanism that anyone can

display occasionally, such as during times of high stress or physical discomfort.

Verbal abuse can undermine child's self-esteem, damage his ability to trust and

form relationships, and chip away at academic and social skills.

The major conclusion of the study was that there are a lot of victims of

different kinds and maltreatment specifically verbal abuse. The verbal abuse

would be the main reason of the child’s physical and mental health disorder and

can lead to anxiety and depression.

However in this study the researchers can gather informations about the

Verbally abuse by the parents to student, from this study the researchers can

help the students how to deal a specific problems such as verbally abuse by

their own parents.