FINAL ASSIGNMENT REPORT

DG CEMENT COMPANY
Building Material Company

SUBJECT:
Introduction to Business – Section E

SUBMITTED BY: SUBMITTED TO:

HANNAN HAMID GILL – F2019054002 MR. KHURRAM SHEHZAD
AREESHA JAVED – F2019054011
MALIK INAM ELAHI – F2019054021
HAMIDA PARVEEN – F2019054001
MAIRA HASSAN – F2019054006

UNIVERSITY OF MANAGEMENT AND TECHNOLOGY | DEPARTMENT OF BUSINESS & INFORMATION SYSTEMS

 Contents

Introduction ...................................................................................................................................................... 2
Acquisition of DGKCC by Nishat Group .................................................................................. 2
Vision .................................................................................................................................... 2
Mission .................................................................................................................................. 2
Company ............................................................................................................................... 2
Products ................................................................................................................................ 3
Quality ................................................................................................................................... 3
Cement Industry Analysis of Pakistan .................................................................................................. 3
Competitors ............................................................................................................................................... 4
PESTLE ................................................................................................................................................................ 4
Political .................................................................................................................................. 4
Economic ............................................................................................................................... 4
Social ..................................................................................................................................... 5
Technological ........................................................................................................................ 5
Legal ...................................................................................................................................... 5
Environment .......................................................................................................................... 5
SWOT .................................................................................................................................................................. 6
STRENGTHS ........................................................................................................................... 6
WEAKNESSES ......................................................................................................................... 7
OPPORTUNITIES .................................................................................................................... 7
THREATS ................................................................................................................................ 8
Supply Chain Analysis ................................................................................................................................... 10
Value Chain Analysis ..................................................................................................................................... 14
References ....................................................................................................................................................... 18
Introduction
DG Khan Cement Company Limited (DGKC) is a producer and seller of ordinary Portland and
Sulphate-resistant cement. The company is a unit of Nishat group which is a leading and
diversified business group with a strong presence in the three most important sectors of
Pakistan: textiles, cement and financial services. The group also has considerable stake in
insurance, power generation, paper products and aviation sectors.

D.G. Khan Cement Company Limited (DGKCC), a unit of Nishat group, is the largest cement-
manufacturing unit in Pakistan with a production capacity more than 5,500 tons clinker per day.
It has a countrywide distribution network and its products are preferred on projects of national
repute both locally and internationally due to the unparalleled and consistent quality. It is listed
on all the Stock Exchanges of Pakistan. D.G.Khan Cement Company has the largest cement
manufacturing capacity in the country. Listed in 1992, D.G.Khan Cement was established by the
State Cement Corporation of Pakistan (SSCP) at Dera Ghazi Khan in 1986. It was privatized to the
Nishat group in 1994-95 at Rs35.90 per share.

Acquisition of DGKCC by Nishat Group

Nishat Group acquired DGKCC in 1992 under the privatization initiative of the government.
Starting from the privatization, the focus of the management has been on increasing capacity as
well as utilization level of the plant. The company undertook the optimization by raising the
capacity immediately after the privatization by 200tpd to 2200tpd in 1993. Now a day the
export demand of D.G cement is 2000 TPD. Presently D.G.K.C.C export cement to Afghanistan,
Iraq and UAE.

Vision
"To transform the Company into a modern and dynamic cement manufacturing company with
qualified professionals and fully equipped to play a meaningful role on a sustainable basis in the
economy of Pakistan."

Mission
To provide quality products to customers and explore new markets to promote/expand sales of
the Company through good governance and foster a sound and dynamic team, so as to achieve
optimum prices of products of the Company for sustainable and equitable growth and
prosperity of the Company.

Company Statistics

 Company type: Listed company

 Market Share: 11%
 Exports: 10
 Dealers: 2200
 Country’s rated capacity: 13%
 Production Capacity- 14,000 tons per day (4.2 million tons/annum)

Standards and Certifications of DGKCC products

 European Standard EN 197-1/2000 CEM I 42.5N/R

 Pakistan Standard PS 232-2008 (R)
 American Standard ASTM C-150 Type 1
 British Standard BS 12:1996
 European Standard EN 197-1/2000 CEM I 42.5N/R
 South African Bureau of Standards (SABS) for SANS 50197-1
 Indian Standard for IS 12269 Grade 43 & Grade 53
 Sri Lankan Standard SL 107 Strength Class 42.5N

Products
Ordinary Portland Cement (OPC) - 95% total sales

Sulphate Resistant Cement (SRC) – 5% total sales

Quality Assurance

The company practices the best quality control procedures to maintain and enhance the quality
of not only products but also of the operations for the following purposes:

 To exercise complete control over the production Process, Inspections and Tests, and also
over the financial work flow like Purchase, Sales, Inventory, Delivery.
 To optimize production of cement while maintaining the product quality standard all the
time with due consideration to cost factor and environment.
 To maintain the plant, machinery and equipment in the best condition to avoid any
breakdown or error in process.
 To ensure that all employees are aware of their responsibilities and are adequately qualified
to carry out their duties most effectively.
 To carry out planned audits and reviews to ensure effective implementation and continued
suitability of this policy, to revise or modify it if necessary and ensure continual
improvement of the quality system.

Cement Industry Analysis of Pakistan

Cement is one of those commodities that is consumed in every situation. From houses to
offices, from new constructions to repairs, from villages to cities, from infrastructure to
development projects, cement is in demand. Cement is one of the main components in
construction industry. It indicates the economic development in an economy.

Per capita cement consumption is used in various studies and researches along-with other
economic indicators.
Cement Market in Pakistan is very bullish and active. There are various players in this industry. It
could be termed as tough competition industry with multi-players. Pakistan Cement Industry is
mainly divided in two geographical parts viz North and South. North consists of Punjab, Khyber
Pakhtunkhawa, Gilgit Balitistan, Azad Kashmir, FATA and PATA while South consists of Sindh and
Baluchistan.

Competitors
1. Bestway Cement
2. Lucky Cement Ltd
3. Fauji Cement Co
4. Maple Leaf Cement
5. Dewan Cement Ltd
6. Askari Cement
7. Kohat Cement Co
8. GharibWal Cement
9. Pioneer Cement Ltd
10. Attock Cement Pak.
11. Flying Cement Ltd
12. Cherat Cement Co.
13. Power Cement Ltd
14. Fecto Cement
15. Dandot Cement Ltd.
16. Thatta Cement

PESTLE Analysis
Political
 Coal rates, power tariffs, freight plays a very important factor in the price determination,
interestingly, government control all of these prices.
 The government policies proved to be amazing for the cement industry of Pakistan.
 Higher spending by the Government towards PSDP (Public Sector Development Program) led
to the increase of cement demand in Pakistan.
 The public sector projects under this program includes the construction of large and small
dams, power lands, highways, roads, irrigation canals, rapid transit systems and flyovers etc.

Economic
 Cement sector is running at 97-99 percent capacity utilization per month.
 This sector is expanding by nearly 30 million tons over the next five years.
 Cement industry is among the highest contributors to the national exchequer over the last
four years and has paid Rs189 billion in taxes.
 Future of cement industry is very bright. Pakistan is among the world’s fastest growing
construction markets and is predicted to grow an average 12 percent yearly for the next five
years especially because of CPEC mega projects.
 A large number of government infrastructure and housing projects are under construction.
 Private housing and real estate activity have slowed due to a high inflation rate that has led
to lower savings. This coupled with fraudulent practices of the builders and real estate
brokers has shattered the public’s confidence.

Social
 Consumers prefer to buy products of renowned brands
 50% demand comes from the private housing and real estate activity, while 40% comes from
government infrastructure projects. The industrial sector generates the remaining 10%.
 Rapid growth in residential sector in Pakistan

Technological
The industry is capital intensive and is defined as one that makes use of the latest technology to
deliver quality product to the customer. Consideration needs to be given to this factor when
making capital budgeting decisions to arrive at the appropriate amount of capital that needs to
be invested in acquiring plant and equipment. This has a direct correlation with the type of the
technology that the firm wishes to use.

To remain competitive in the market, the players need to follow the highest standards of the
technology, but acquiring new technology and replacing the older one with the newer is very
expensive and most of the time unfeasible. Any major technological change can cause the entire
plant to become obsolete. As such there are no major technological changes affecting the
cement industry in the near future.

 Technological advancements are underway in developed countries and government have

positive plans to bring in new technology.
 Emphasis is on creating highly energy efficient and environment friendly technology to
produce cement.

Legal
APCMA- All Pakistan Cement Manufacturers Association represents all major policy making
bodies concerned with cement and disseminates information on proper and economic use of
cement as well as on properties and application of different varieties.

Environment
Due to the rapid growth of cement, coal and steel industries in recent times, soil pollution
arising from these industries became a serious problem.

The major environmental problems caused by the cement industry are:

 Air pollution
 Noise pollution
 Soil Pollution
 Effects on human health

SWOT Analysis
STRENGTHS
- Availability of raw material

The easy availability of the key raw material Gypsum, Shale and limestone all over Pakistan
make it easier for the company to have a low cost of raw materials. And the plants are installed
quite near to raw material which is a competitive edge.

- Latest machinery

The plant of the company is equipped with the latest machinery having a latest technology in
Pakistan as compared with others. Although it is expensive but it saves the cost by producing
quality cement and creating value in mind of customers.

- Quality Product

As the plant equipped with the modern technology so it has a capability to produce better
quality using less energy than others. The company has been certified for “Environment
Management System” ISO 14001 by Quality Assurance Services, Australia. The company was
also certified for ISO-9002 (Quality Management System) in 1998. By achieving this landmark,
DG Khan Cement became the first and only cement factory in Pakistan certified for both ISO
9002 & ISO 14001.

- Self-Power Generation

The company has its own power generation plants in the factory area so to meet the plant
requirements and we all know that Pakistan these days suffer with serious energy crisis so the
company do not totally depends upon WAPDA even from its own generation the company
produces energy with much less cost so I think it is another main strength that DGKCC have if
compared with other cement industry because not other cement plants in Pakistan have such
energy generation system so they have to depend upon WAPDA.

- Durability

DGKCC has a very strong brand image in mind of its customer’s, reason being that they produce
the finest quality since day first of its production and take steps to make it better and even
charge less compared with its competitors. The company has its positioning through its slogan,
which represents durability.
- Competitive Edge

Company launches its new plant near Chakwal, which double its production capacity. So this
new Plant helps in gaining the competitive edge over others in north region.

- Profitable Organization

At present and from few years organization is earning profit which is its strength because in
profitable organizations more and people invest more and more. So profitability is a good sign
for the organization.

- Own Paper Bag Plant

DGKCC has now installed its own paper bag plant and became pioneer in that to even minimize
its bag cost even that plant also sells bags to other cement plants as per demand.

WEAKNESSES
- Low Promotional Campaign

Not much attention is paid to promotional campaigns. The company does not advertise their
product as per requirement because through promotional campaign they can also gain more
market share. They specifically use only trade promotions, which are not enough to have a good
positioning in the market.

- No Performance Appraisal

There is no proper performance appraisal program within the company. The managerial staff is
not promoted on the basis of performance, as they have no any tool to measure performance
of managers. The only one way to measure the performance is annual confidential report,
which is prepared by only one person who is immediate boss of any employee.

- Centralized Decision Making

Although the decision making style of DGKCC is decentralized that what the company says but
the ground reality is that in decision making process the middle level management is not much
consider by the upper management which creates sense of irresponsibility among the members
of company.

So ultimately it creates job dissatisfaction. Their decisions are not praised and honored much as
they expect.

OPPORTUNITIES
- Location of Project

Location always matters, if we see in southern Punjab there is not enough cement factories
other than DG Cement. So we can say that there is somewhat monopolist in that part and
controls whole market. If the company upgrades its production capacity they have a good
chance to cover the foreign market of Afghanistan from that plant. Increase in demand of
cement due to the upcoming sports event .South Africa is schedule to host the football world
cup of 2010 due to which they need to make the football stadiums for the World Cup and Sri
Lanka are also expected to approach Pakistani companies for cement imports because Sri Lanka
to co-host the cricket world cup of 2011. So this is a good chance for a company to maximize
profit.

- Export Demand

As there is a war like situation in Afghanistan and Iraq so there is a huge demand of cement in
rehabilitation process, most of Indian cement plants are in north region so from there it costs a
lot to reach in southern region so this also again is a huge market to be capture, also there is a
huge demand in UAE and Russia. Result there is a huge cake of international market which a
company has a chance to cater.

- Introduction to New Product Line

The company still produces OPC and SRC but there is also a room for producing the ‘White
Cement’ so I think by introducing the new product line they can also increase their sales and
profit.

- Rehabilitation and New Construction Projects in Country

As we all know there’s started a rehabilitation phase in north areas of Pakistan after war against
militants and in South Waziristan there is a rehabilitation phase to be coming and a lots of
projects have started in the country. So this increase in demand creates a new opportunity for
the company to earn more profit.

THREATS
- Increase in Fuel Prices

Increase in the international prices of coal and oil is a major threat. As Pakistan coal contains
high percentage of sulphur due to which the company is not able to use the local coal as a
source of energy. So the company has to import the coal from different countries like South
Africa, china and Indonesia at high prices. This will restrict the profit margin.

- Economic Recession

There is a global recession going these days so this is also a threat to cement industry as it
affects a lot to export market.

- Political instability
It always remains threat to Pakistan and its cement industry also because due to this there’s not
as much growth and now the war like situation in a country is really a big issue.
- IMF Loan

IMF Package in Future can cause to decrease GDP and economic development in Pakistan. This
will also be cause to stop development of infrastructure. So it will have huge effect on company
also in fact on whole industry.

- Increase in Interest Rates

Unanticipated increase in interest rates or less than expected demand growth might create
severe crises for the sector couple of years forward.

- Decrease profitability due to competition

The sharp decline in cement prices has been witnessed due to domestic competition among
companies has dampened the profitability of the company. This increase in competition among
the players has further decreased the prices of cement in the local market. So the company
decreases the prices of products in order to get high market as compared to its competitor.

- High level of taxation

Presently, the company is heavily burdened due to levy of Federal Excise Duty at the rate of Rs.
750 per ton and General Sales Tax at the rate of 15% on duty paid value. In addition to Federal
Excise Duty and General Sales Tax, company is also paying the provincial levies (Royalty and
Excise Duty) on acquiring of raw material for production of cement i.e. lime stone, shale and
clay.

Marketing Mix
Product
There are two different cement are Produced at DGKCC Namely
(ORDINARY PORTLAND CEMENT) And (SULPHATE RESISTANT CEMENT) and
(ORDINARY PORTLAND CEMENT)
Feature & Benefits
 Exceptional Strength
 Provides strength to masonry.
 Stiffens or hardens early.
 Possesses good plasticity.
 An excellent building material.
 Easily workable
SULPHATE RESISTANT CEMENT
 Low C3A content
  Sulphate Resistant Cement has a much lower C3A content, making the cement highly
effective against Sulphate attacks.
 Low Alkali Content
 Alkali sensitive ingredients, which unfavorable conditions, can result in expansion leading
to cracking of concrete.
Place
Implies Product which can be sold at Physical Place or Online In the Case of DGKCC sales its
products
DGKC has strong and deep network of dealers throughout the country. More than 2,200 dealers
are spread in every corner of Pakistan to supply our internationally accredited product. DGKC
has a unique feature of reaching at far flung areas through its dealers. Customers are loyal to
DGKC. Company local sales are divided in two parts via dealers and institutional. Majority sales
are through dealers while only 6-8% is under institutional sales. Company sales its Products in
All provinces on top of that DGKCC Supplies internationally like The Company is exporting to
Afghanistan, India, Sri Lanka and various countries in African Continent.
Price
The Prices of DG are Fluctuated depend on seasons Latest Prices Which I am mentioning are
followed. DG khan Cement official distributor and agency holder in Lahore retail plus whole sale
Prices Average Prices per 50 kg bag is 505 for Authorized Dealer also it depends on dealer
demands. Average price for Retail is from 510 to onward depend on Various Areas.
Promotion
Means the Methods Which Marketers Use like Special discount, Features tools to sales their
Products to their Consumers.
DGKCC:
Usually Uses trade Promotion: Special discount on higher demand of cement. Return Policy If
damage occurs etc. Uses E-Tech for advertisement offer various incentives including free
transportation on specific demand etc.

Supply Chain Analysis

Introduction to supply chain:

A supply chain is the network of all the individuals, organizations, resources, activities and
technology involved in the creation and sale of a product, from the delivery of source materials
from the supplier to the manufacturer, through to its eventual delivery to the end user.

Supply Chain Management:

Supply chain management is the management of the flow of goods and services and includes all
processes that transform raw materials into final products. It involves the active streamlining of
a business's supply-side activities to maximize customer value and gain a competitive advantage
in the marketplace.

Supply chain refers to:

1. Inbound and outbound transportation.

2. Warehousing
3. Inventory control
4. Sourcing, procurement, and supply management fall under the supply-chain umbrella
5. Forecasting, production planning and scheduling, order processing, and customer service
all are part of the process as well

Objectives:

1. reducing working capital

2. taking assets off the balance sheet
3. Accelerating cash-to-cash cycles
4. increasing inventory turns, and so on

SUPPLY CHAIN ANALYSIS OF DG CEMENT INTRODUCTION

• D.G. Khan Cement Company Limited, (DGKCC) is amongst largest cement manufacturers
of Pakistan.
• Production capacity of 14,000 tons per day.
• DGKCC has three cement plants, two plants located at Dera Ghazi Khan and one at
Khairpur Dist. Chakwal
• All the plants are based on latest Dry Process Technology

SUPPLY OF RAW MATERIALS (Point of Origin):

In general, cement is a mixture of:

• Limestone
• Sand
• Clay
• Iron
• Cement plants are normally located near the quarries which are the source of their main
raw materials
• The main reason for their location is that 1.6 tons of main raw materials are required to
produce 1 ton of cement
• DG Cement is getting their supply of raw materials from quarries (Limestone Mountains)
• located 7-8 Km upward from plant site
• Nearly 10,000 Tons of raw material is transferred from quarries to plant site daily
 • VMS (vendor management system) is present in which day to day electronic receipts are
generated
• Bills are paid annually to government
• DG Cement has taken Limestone Mountains from government of Pakistan on lease.
• Gypsum is supplied from Taunsa Shareef , because Gypsum mountains are present.

Operations involved:

• Drilling
• Blasting

Inbound Logistics:

• Inbound logistics refers to the transport, storage and delivery of raw material coming
into an industry or company.
• DG Cement is implementing inbound logistics in the following way:
• Conveyors take the new material from quarry to the factory site
• The limestone and shale to store
• The small fragments are loaded on the 7-Km long 3 belts conveyor system running over
rough in the open space.

Raw Material Storage:

• The raw feed from the belt conveyer directly falls on the rotating table of the raw mill
• The table contains on 3 crushing rollers
• The raw feed is crushed into fine powder with these rollers
• Material is sent to CF Silo for storage
• Powdered feed from the raw mill are conveyed to the bucket elevator
• The bucket elevator picks this feed and takes it to the top of the CF silo and then throws
it in.
• Specifications of a CF silo
• Capacity = unit 1 unit2 7000 tons 7500ton
• It is made of concrete & can store raw mill for long time.
• Quantity of raw mill product is properly documented
• Quality is also evaluated via various tests and is Documented

Production operations:

• Productions operations at DG Cement are :

• continuous
• Carried out according to production planning sheets or log sheets.
Various production operations are:

1. Precalcination
2. Heating in Kiln
3. Clinker cooling
4. Dust collection
5. Clinker crushing
6. Clinker storage
7. Gypsum Addition
8. Mixing of Additives
9. Metal Detection

Quality Control:

(QC) is a procedure or set of procedures intended to ensure that a manufactured product or

performed service adheres to a defined set of quality criteria or meets the requirements of the
client or customer. There are two types of Quality Control Procedures in DGCC

1. Chemical Labs: To check the Composition of different components of Cement with the help
of X-ray Analysis.
2. Physical Labs: To check the Setting Time, Expansion Testing and Compression Testing of
different components of Cement.

Packing:

The packing plant comprises of 2 units:

• Both units consists of 4 packers

• Each packer can pack 8 bags at a time
• Each packer has a capacity of 100 tons/hr
• The cement bags are attached manually to the rotating packer which fills the cement bag
• When the bag is filled up to the required weight 50kg, it automatically falls on the conveyor
belt which takes the bags to the roller conveyor
• From these rollers the bags slide to different channels and finally cement bags are loaded on
the trucks for dispatch

Outbound Logistics (Dispatch):

In dispatch department the main work is to dispatch the cement according to the orders of sales
offices. After taking report from the authorities the dispatch department makes truck loading
advice according to which cement bags are loaded on truck. It basically shows the quantity,
location of unit, truck driver name, truck number and destination of loaded cements bags.
Dispatch department also make daily report according to:
• Truck Loading Advice (Inventory Transfer)
• Truck Loading Check Report
• Unit Wise Dispatch Detail
• Gate Pass (Inventory Transfer)
• Office Wise Dispatches

Products:

Two different products are produced at DGKCC namely Ordinary Portland Cement and Sulphate
Resistant Cement. These products are marketed through two different brands:

• DG brand & Elephant brand Ordinary Portland Cement (It is also called the OPC and its
demand is about 92% because of commonly used).
• DG brand Sulphate Resistant Cement (It is also called the SRC and its demand is about only
8% because it is only used in standing the foundations its main work is to finish the pours
produced).

Distribution (Point Of Consumption):

• DGKCC has a countrywide distribution network and has more than 1000 distributors
• This extensive distribution is handled by five regional sales offices
• These regional sales offices operate in assigned areas and have network of dealers in each
area to achieve maximum sales in their territories
• direct sales are also made to institutional Clients for Projects

Retail:

Retailers buy cement according to their selling capacity from Distributors and the 5 regional
sales offices

Export Market:

DGKCC enjoys a good market share of:

• Indian subcontinent
• Middle East
• East & South Africa

Value Chain Analysis

“A value chain is a set of activities that a firm operating in a specific industry performs in order
to deliver a valuable product for the market.”

In order to observe the value chain of the organization we’ll be focusing on the following
components of the value chain.
Primary Activities Supportive Activities
Inbound logistics (input) Firm Infrastructure
Operations Human Resource management
Outbound Logistics (Output) Technology Development
Sales Primary Activities
Services Inbound Logistics

Inbound logistic is the supply, storage and delivery of raw materials to any organization or
company. DG Khan Cement Company being a big organization performs its inbound activities
using the following methods:

Conveyor Belts

The factory is located 7 km from the limestone hills and the company uses 3 belt conveyors to
transport limestone from mining area/ quarry to the factory site running over in open space.
The raw limestone from the conveyer belts is then directly crushed over three crushing rollers.
The rollers turn the limestone into fine powder. The powdered material is then transferred
through the bucket elevator to the opening lid of the CF Silo where the material is stored.

CF SILO

It is a container made up of concrete which can store powdered raw material for a long time.

Operations

The production at DG Khan Cement Company is according to the predesigned plan. Production
at DG Khan Cement Company is continuous. The production operations at DG khan are as
follows:

1) Precalcination

2) Heating of kiln

3) Clinker cooling

4) Gypsum addition

5) Detection of metals

6) Quality Control

A strict check is kept over the product being manufactured that it is always up to the quality
standards using two procedures; checking chemical composition of cement and Compression
and expansion testing of the cement
 Packing

At DG Khan Cement Company there are two units and each unit consists of 4 packets. Each
packer packs 8 bags at a time. Each packer has a capacity of 100 ton per hour. The cement bags
(50 kg each) are then manually attached with the packing rollers and from these rollers the
cement bags are loaded to dispatch.

 Outbound logistics

The main work at the dispatch department is to dispatch the cement according to the sale
offices. It basically confirms the quantity of cement loaded, the destination of the cement and
some information of the transporter.

 Supportive Activities
1. Human resource management
Human resource is the source of achieving competitive advantage because of its capacity to
convert the other resources into output (product/ service). HRM practices refer to
organizational activities directed at managing the unite of human resources and ensuring the
resources are employed towards fulfillment of organizational goals.
 Training & Development
Training and development deals with updating of skills & competencies of the employees
through series of training and development programs. In today’s competitive environment
skilled employees with necessary skills and competencies skillful to enhance productivity,
organization competitiveness and performance.
 Performance Appraisal
Performance appraisal process is an activity that ensures mutual understanding between
subordinate and supervisor. Performance appraisal is positively related to organizational
performance. Extensive performance appraisal system increases subordinate obligation.
Performance appraisal influences organizational performance.
 Compensation
Efficient compensation and requite process enhances productivity, employee retention, and
overall organizational performance.
 Recruitment and selection
Recruitment is not very usual in the organization. The organization is eager to fill up positions
from the organization, by shifting and sorting the staff as per requirement.
2. Technology development
DGKC has state of the art technology for its production facilities. The Company has always been
in lead role in innovation and bringing in new technologies. All the plants are based on latest
Dry Process Technology. In dry process for manufacturing of cement, the raw materials are
dried and reduced in size to a fine powder in to grinding mill. The dry powder is named the raw
meal. The raw meal is pumped into a blending CF silo. The raw meal is mixed by passing
compressed gas to get a consistent and intimate mixture.
3. Firm infrastructure
Infrastructure within the factory area is satisfactory to cater the factory needs. The plant make
are of European origin. Pyro process is obtained from FLSmidth of Denmark. Cement Mills, Coal
Mills and Raw Mills are planned to be from Loesche GMBH of Germany.
References

Zeb, K., Ali, Y., & Khan, M. W. (2018). Factors influencing environment and human health by cement
industry: Pakistan a case in point.
https://www.apcma.com/services.html

Pakistan’s World of Cement: Opportunities and Challenges- Magazine Desk -April 18, 2018
https://www.globalvillagespace.com/pakistans-world-of-cement-opportunities-and-challenges/

https://www.slideshare.net/aliamjad42/analysis-on-the-cement-industry-in-pakistan

Analysis of Pakistani Cement Industry – A Report

https://www.ravimagazine.com/analysis-of-pakistani-cement-industry-a-report/

http://www.dgcement.com/notice/DGKC_RatingReport_Mar19.pdf

http://www.dgcement.com

The Cement Industry of Pakistan: A Swot Analysis- Najabat Ali, Muhammad Anwer