Professional Documents
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This theory anchored on the cognitive theory by Piaget (1957), Language is just
person may acquire the aspect of being sociable among others. In a classroom,
deliver their ideas during class participation. It is the only way that the students
can express their ideas. They can also communicate easily to those students
from the other country by using the same language or the universal language.
Especially those exchange students who came here in the Philippines to study
adults. Their correct utterances are reinforced when they get what they want or
importance has only been heightened with the advent of the common core. When
a child. One of the specific way of that teacher must praise the children when
they participated in a class. The teacher must aware the needs of the child in
order for the child be motivated to participate in a class. By that the children can
child grows their learning capacity expanded. They also learn from the
community that they stayed during childhood years. They capture their culture
according to the environment that they grow. Its language is learned by the place
that they reside. If the child grows in a well-productive site, it is expected that the
child’s language is well stated. English is the language that the well productive
family uses especially the family of business owners. Mostly the students who
attend in the private school belong to the elite family and uses English language
owing to its instability, because of random errors and events within the language
system, as a response of the ever changing context of language use and its
users. Language changing due to the events and the usage of its uses upon the
language system. The main reason of these occurring changing is that, the
words uses/spoken is not literally what it defines but it depends on the structures
of the sentence or words that has been used in a conversation. In our generation
today there are a lot of languages that being used in the community. It is said
that Filipinos can easily adopt the tradition and most especially the language
from the other country. Example is the Korean language; it is now being used by
the students because of their movies that being played in the Philippines.
The English proficiency is an important tool in learning not only for the tertiary
students but also for lower year that are learning the process of being proficient
in the said language. It is also useful in getting job because it is now used as the
medium of instruction. Learning English language is also useful for it can help
use in creating our reflections and other projects in the school. English
proficiency affects the class performance of the students for it is being practiced
inside the premises the English language more effective. Class participation can
help the students in enhancing their grades in school. It is said tha5t the child
learns as they grow. So, as the student’s grow they must learn the language
step-by-step so that when they get into higher level it is not difficult for them to
“review” means revision or “glance over” or “refer back on”. It implies locating,
that are related to the individuals’ planned research project. Atlas, (2001)
The survey of related studies serves multiple purposes. It helps the investigator
to acquaint with correct knowledge in the area of research. It furnishes the tried
methods, techniques, priorities and importance about the similar related past
studies and to help in the formation of hypotheses for the new study. By studying
the works of other investigators, one can avoid futile and irrelevant topics, vain
the investigator has attempted to collect relevant information related to the work
According to Harmer (1991) states that when the two people are engaged
in talking to each other we can be sure that they in general way to suggest that a
in the fellow speaker of what they are going to say. The speakers have a basic
Nunan (1991) Speaking is one of four skills of English. It can help people
focus for the first section on speaking. It involves fluent and accuracy expression
communication.
information involves two elements, they are; the speaker who gives the message
and the listener who receives the message in the world, the communication
can imitate from others. In this case, a listener can imitate when he is listening to
others”. He continuous that language user can imitate from others. In this case, a
listener can imitate from the speaker and then say same thing to others listeners.
teacher has to repeat the sounds on the pronunciation of a word until the
such as sounds, stress, and rhythm, and intonation will be discussed and it is
one’s manner in speaking. Which is assessed through how the fluency and
accuracy are. Marcel (1978: 78) distinguishes the outlined of accuracy and
ways of speaking dealing with how to procedure words in certain period of times
the productive skill in the oral mode. It, like the other skills, is more complicated
than it seems at first and involves more than just pronouncing words.
Blount (2005) There are four criteries used to mark the speaking test are:
Communicative ability and content this criterion refers to the candidate’s ability to
express opinions and information. It also refers to the candidate’s ability to initiate
and respond to questions appropriately and their ability to take an active part in
the interaction. Pronunciation and fluency this criterion refers to the candidate’s
Lexical accuracy and range this criterion refers to the candidate’s accurately and
the test and the ability to use circumlocution. Grammatical accuracy and range
this criterion refers to the range and accuracy of the grammatical structures
compliments, invitations, request and many other scripts, by using scripts the
learner could be a active speaker because they know and could prediction the
answer from the question in a conversation, the instructors or the teachers must
give many example script in different situation so that the learner can develop
their speaking ability and give more practice using the script.
method which the teachers or the instructors to resolve the problem when the
learner faced the problem such misunderstanding between the learner and the
embarrassed, the learner does not understand the speaker says, when they
realize a conversation their partner could not understand them so that the learner
does not want to speak again, to overcome this situation the teachers or the
something can occur in any types of conversation and in any level of language
skill and give motivation so that the student will have confidence in
quickly, it is difficult for the learner to understanding the speaker talk. The
listeners have to know the different about direct question, indirect question,
requests.
writing to begin a sentence or phrase that gives a summary of the main points
Shuanga (2012) in her research, the question needs answer clearly and
correctly so that we could transferring our aim our statement, with the clearly and
Skemmy (2012) in her research playing role could helpful to increase speaking
skill because when you playing role you could be the listener and the speaker in
the same time, there is interaction between the other characters. To play our role
really hinge upon in sufficient oral language base. Since speaking is a part of the
four language skills such as speaking, reading, writing and listening) its
Rustan (2004) in his research the teacher’s role in giving material is very
important. Their way using material can encourage student’s spirit to learn.
Nurdaya (2012) in her research, sometimes the teacher gives the wrong
teaching method to their students, they have to know the best method in teaching
Rizki (2011) Role play in the process of learning English will be fun and
about the introduction of feelings and issues facing students, and to develop
motivate students to pay more attention to the content being taught. Role playing
is a simulation of the behavior of people who played, which aims to train students
in real situations; train intensively oral language practice, and provide the
and hold their interest, especially if there are pictures to go with the
story.Through picture presentation, people are able to reach outside their minds”.
Storytelling makes the learner feel like playing, through listening to stories
students develop their vocabulary and grammar knowledge, which improves their
teachers in her own district, and she often see shortened words or sentences in
text messaging dialogues on students’ compositions. She said that this might
have changed the attitude of the students towards writing, and it seemed that
they want everything done as fast as possible. But before mobile phones became
Rivers (1968) believes that the learners have nothing to express maybe
because the teacher had chosen a topic which is not suitable for him or about
which he knows very little. It is difficult for many students to respond when the
teachers ask them to say something in a foreign language because they might
have little ideas about what to say, which vocabulary to use, or how to use the
grammar correctly
listening ability and foreign language listening comprehension skills, and between
items are learned and retained in greater numbers for Chinese English Language
retained longer, but with little depth of word knowledge based on Beck et al.,'s
English proficiency on various outcomes of their U.S.-born children, and allow the
proficient parents have worse English-language skills and are more likely to drop
out of high school, be below their age-appropriate grade, and not attend
preschool.
language teaching, teachers needed extra aids to provide learners with the
would give a thorough and deep knowledge to every language teacher that
through the use of media, these give abundant information and create continuous
communicative competence among ESL learners that a media can develop and
enhance the learning of English language in classrooms where they spend a lot
of their time.
Mayora (2006) stressed that multimedia used in English classes result in
technologies in the classroom has theotential to help the teacher explain new
taught. In a survey, to find factors that facilitate teacher skill, teacher morale, and
Lightbown (2010) assented on the viewing skill where students can learn
very much from looking at film or shorter video clips. Students can improve their
was denoted that majority of the student – respondents were “Intermediate” level
in terms of their writing skill which describe as able to use the language
effectively in most formal and informal in written exchanges. It was revealed that
level.
According to Marcelleti, et. al. (2013) educational settings have been
Brewster,et. al. (2000) there are some reasons why the textbook is used in
teaching learning; it is useful learning aid for the students, it can identify what
can provide attractively and economically, all or most materials needed.11 The
teachers not only can use material from a book, but they also can use several
game, posters, flashcards, worksheet, video, CDs, the internet and other CALL
activities, roles of teachers and learners, the kinds of material which will be
begins with English rules, isolated vocabulary items, paradigm and translation.
The teacher explains the rules in students’ firs language and then simple words
are put into slots of grammatical rules. The grammatical rules are memorized as
units.
Leamelle (2013) the teacher must provide the class with other words and
translation. The students, then, practice using the rules by using the words
the target language. The text to translate is usually easy classics; this type of text
elementary school was taught the simples vocabularies, it is caused the students
in elementary school is still young, so they are still needs to acquire and
Fromkin (1998) said that young children before the age of puberty who are
exposed to more than one language seem to acquire all the languages equally
well. There are many bilingual and multilingual speakers who have acquired their
languages early in life. Sometimes one language is the first learned, but if the
child is exposed to additional languages at an early age he or she will learn those
languages.
Maxin (2007) writer can conclude that the process of acquisition between
children and adult is different. If adult can acquire their language when they were
child, and they can learn more than one language after they can get their first
language in their early life. And the children can acquire to additional languages
at an early age he or she will learn those languages. On the other hand, english
And the English materials consists of the names of animals, daily activities,
Thornburry (2011), stated that there are also some kinds of English
share the same form but have unrelated meanings are called homonyms for ex,
we have seen how like and like can be two quite different words, i.e. I like looking
TV and it look like new. Second, there are many words that sound the same but
the spelling is differently for ex, words horse and hoarse, meet and meat, these
are called homophones (literally same sound). Third, there are also words that
are pronounced differently but spelt the same for example: a windy day but a
long and windy road, a live concert but where do you live? These are called
homographs.24 From all statements above, the writer concluded that English
vocabularies have many benefit, as; first, with vocabulary people can learn some
language because without vocabulary they cannot learn language, they cannot
of, homonyms, homophones, and homograph. With these aspects, we can know
about words that share the same form but have different sound, and any others.
Smith (1999), there are some ways in the process of acquiring English
vocabulary, such as; first, according to behaviorist that language learning takes
the children learn English in the school, they can learn and acquire the language
by imitating what the teacher said in the teaching. Then, After the children
imitated what the teacher said repeatedly, the children will try to practice what
they say and knew. And by practicing the vocabularies on every day with their
friends and their teacher, especially when they learn in the school, so they can
the children will acquire, memorize and understand the daily vocabularies by
interacting with their friends or their teachers. If they often to say the vocabularies
repeatedly, they can also memorize, acquire and practice that vocabulary easily.
According to Stun (2001), children is less interest with the materials that
the teachers taught in the classroom, it is because the materials was too difficult
and eager to learn these materials. It means that, if the children have not the
spirit or the enthusiastic to learn, so they will also difficult to acquire and master
easily than others. This simple fact is known by all who have themselves in
school. Clearly, some languages learners are successful by virtue of their sheer
environments usually have more time to devote to learning language. They often
have more opportunities to hear and use the language in environments where
they do not experience strong pressure to speak fluently and accurately from
very beginning.
of age and second language, is as follows; first, adult proceed through the early
stages of second language development faster than children do. Second, older
children acquire faster than young children, time and exposure to second
language proficiency than those beginning as adults. It means that the second
language development of older and younger learners who are learning in similar
circumstances have shown that at least in the early stages of second language
which involves language analysis and rule learning. Intelligence may play a less
different types of abilities; first, the ability to identify and memorize new sounds.
Second, the ability to understand the function of particular words in sentences.
Third, the ability to figure out grammatical rules from language samples. Fourth,
memory for new words.37 From the statements above, I concluded that the
intelligence. Some Individuals may have strong memories but only average
Brox (1992), clearly, some language teachers are better than others at
providing appropriate and effective learning experiences for the students in their
classroom. The students will make faster progress. Instruction is also very
for young learners. It is because, the children more need the instruction when
they are learning the language in the classroom. They will do anything easily, if
the teacher gives the instruction clearly, i.e., when the teacher gives some
exercises, the teacher must give more explanation ad instruction about the
exercises, it is in order to the students can answer and understand about what
texts. He says that reading consists of two related processes: word recognition
the process of making the meaning of words, sentences and connected text. He
adds his statement that the reader who has background knowledge, vocabulary,
grammatical knowledge, experience with text and other strategies can help them
reading, word and world knowledge, and fluency”. It refers to the ability in
interpreting the words, understanding the meaning and the relationships between
assessing. That is, teachers mention the skills that the students want to use, then
they give them opportunities to practice those skills through workbooks or work
sheets, and finally assess whether or not they use the skill successfully.
and connected text. He says that comprehension is the processes of deriving the
text and other strategies to help them understand the written texts.
Kimbly and Garmezy in Brown (2000) define that teaching is the activities
Readers can resume the long string of ideas or events by grouping the important
key of the word they get from the reading. The strategy of semantic mapping, or
grouping ideas into meaningful clusters, helps the reader to remember the
decrease their difficulties in studying English. The teacher can apply these
activities, those are, playing guess and communication games, doing role-replay
and skits; sing a song, using group work, laughing with the students, having them
English, the passing of an exam (at the end of the year), the possibility of a better
job in the future, etc. Short-term goals, on the other hand, might be the learning
of a small amount of new language, the successful writing of an essay, the ability
to partake in a discussion or the passing of the progress test at the end of the
week.
language teachers. Firtsly, the teachers should love and comprehend English
understand and use a wide variety of techniques. Next, they give optimal
adapt textbook material and other audio creatively, enjoy people, and show
the teachers change from one activity to another. If they are fluent at making
the students to do various activities. This often involves giving the students
information, telling them how they are going to do the activity, putting them into
pairs or groups, and finally closing things down when it is time to stop (Harmer,
2001)
In a classroom, teacher does not only teach the students but also observe them.
different materials and activities. The teachers can make changes in the future if
the activities are not appropriate to the students’ needs (Harmer, 2001)
Kemp (1977), for example, says that media are supporting materials that
can motivate students and can effectively explain and illustrate subject content.
His concern is on the use of materials in order to make the students motivated to
learn something and to make clear the content of a subject. He also adds that
media as any tools, methods and technique used to make the communication
and interaction between the teacher and the students more effective in the
teaching learning process. Here media can be anything, material and non-
explaining, motivating or making clear the thing being discussed or talked about.
Feez (2002), she says that in the building the context, the students are
studied and the students explore features of the general cultural context in which
the text-type is used and the social purposes the texttype achieves. In this stage,
providing some questions related to the material that they would learn. He
encouraged the students to use the background of the knowledge they had
already known, such as knowledge that they got in daily life related to the text
studied by them.
According to Feez (2002), the students investigate what they have learnt
in this teaching and learning cycle can be related to other text in the same or
similar contexts. It is important to note that the genre approach does not
advocate that students mindlessly imitate the teacher. Instead, it gives students
the opportunity to learn to function at a level beyond that which they could learn
to do on their own. The teacher may continue the task to independent task when
a group or pair construction has shown that the students have gained control of
the field and the mode. The teacher’s rule in this stage is only to provide
necessary. The problem that may emerge in this stage is how to support
method in which students work in small groups to get helps from one student to
expected to help each other, to discuss and argue with each other, to assess
each other’s current knowledge and fill in gaps in each other’s understanding.
The result of this study shows that there is an indication that implementation of
teaching speaking by using jigsaw method ran well. By using this technique, the
students can improve their speaking ability. Additionally, most of the students
agree that jigsaw method is effective, appropriate, and not bored. Based on this
research, it is clear that helping students to improve their speaking skill by using
The English proficiency is an important tool in learning not only for the
tertiary students but also for the lower year that are learning the process of being
proficient in the said language. It is also useful in getting a job because it is now
used as the medium of instruction. Learning the English language is also useful
for it can help use in creating our reflections and other projects in the school.
English proficiency affects the class performance of the students for it is being
practiced inside the premises the English language more effective. Class
participation can help the students in enhancing their grades in school. It is said
that the child learn as they grow. So, as the students grow they must learn the
language step-by-step so that when they get into tertiary level it not difficult for
them to understand the instructions that the teacher will give. Reading books can
also help the students learn more word and it can also help them in enhancing
their vocabulary. Creating phrases is now easy for them.
Conceptual Framework
English Class
Proficiency Performance
Figure 1. This diagram shows the relationship between English proficiency
and the class performance of PE students of HCDC
Research 1
Osnan, Leamel
Navales, Sanny
Florentino, Diego
1.1 Age
3. What is the level of class participation of the respondents in terms of: GWA?
English is the most spoken language in the world and also it is the official
language in a large number of countries according to Hirsch (2011). It is now
easier to communicate with other people from other country. In school, it is the
medium of instruction used by the teachers even in books that is used by the
students. It is not used only by the Americans but also by the Asian countries.
In the Philippines Suelto (2012) cite that learning English aims at helping
students used the language effectively for real life purposes. Students need to
use English to become functional in professional, academic and social setting.
Learning the language can be challenging and time consuming. It is not easy to
learn the language but in the end you feel that everything you learn from the
language is worth it.
The society of honor, Philippines (2014) noted that English is the official
language of the Philippines. Thus, the number one reality is that the economy is
based on English, and successful workers and managers are fluent in English.
The language has become essential factor in strengthening trade and travel. It is
also a factor of business and looking for a job to hire fast and promotion. Besides
from that is widely used in communication through modern technology and media
communication devices such as mobile phones and the internet.
Most of the local school in Davao, student must use English as an asset of
their performance not just in a school but also in their future career. English
nowadays are usual particularly in foreign jobs. Hence, there is a lot of
advantage by using this language since it is now a universal.