Levine

Real World science

Animals
st
21
Century
Skills Library
Almost 2 million animal species are alive today and each has specific adaptations
and habitat needs. Look inside to find out how earth’s animal populations survive
and thrive.

Animals
The Real World Science series provides a hands-on approach to science. It examines
basic concepts, supported by student activities and exercises that will engage students
in the processes and skills that are essential to scientific discovery and learning. Other
titles in the series include:
• A Changing Earth • Plants
• Earth’s Biomes • Protecting Ecosystems
• Ecosystems • Rocks and Minerals
• Electricity and Magnetism • Soil
• Matter
To guide your reading, look for these notes that will help build the understanding
and skills you’ll need in the 21st century. Look for the following margin notes:

Learning & Innovation Skills

You need to learn about lots of things, but you also need to learn how to
learn. These notes give you hints about how to use what you know in better
and more creative ways.

21 st Centur y Content
 
You study reading, math, science, and social studies. You also need to
learn about the world of work and your community. These notes tell you
about business and money. They also give you ideas about how you can
help yourself, your community, and the world.

Life & Career Skills

 
These notes tell you about skills you will use throughout your life. They give
you ideas about how to work well with others, make good decisions, and
achieve your goals in life.

Animals_Cover.indd 1 11/10/08 4:23:49 AM

 21st
Century
Skills Library

Real Wo ld Science

Animals
r
Stuart P. Levine

Cherry Lake Publishing

A n n A r b o r, M i c h i g a n
Published in the United States of America by Cherry Lake Publishing
Ann Arbor, Michigan
www.cherrylakepublishing.com

Content Adviser: Laura Graceffa, middle school science teacher; BA degree in science,
Vassar College; MA degrees in science and education, Brown University

Photo Credits: Cover and page 1, © Shvaygert Ekaterina/Shutterstock; page 4,

© Shutterstock; page 6, © aliciah/Shutterstock; page 8, © Cathy Kiefer/Shutterstock;
page 9, © aliciah/Shutterstock; page 10, © Charles Taylor/Shutterstock; page 12, © aliciah/
Shutterstock; page 14, © Stephane106/Shutterstock; page 16, © Floridastock/Shutterstock;
page 17, © Four Oaks/Shutterstock; page 19, © Chris Kruger/Shutterstock; page 20,
© Kitch Bain/Shutterstock; page 23, © painless/Shutterstock; page 25, © Ryan M. Bolton/
Shutterstock; page 27, © Christian Musat/Shutterstock; page 28, © Christian Musat/
Shutterstock

Copyright ©2009 by Cherry Lake Publishing

All rights reserved. No part of this book may be reproduced or utilized in any
form or by any means without written permission from the publisher.

Library of Congress Cataloging-in-Publication Data

Levine, Stuart P., 1968-

Animals / Stuart Levine.
p. cm. — (Real world science)
ISBN-13: 978-1-60279-456-6
ISBN-10: 1-60279-456-1
1. Animals—Juvenile literature. I. Title. II. Series.

QL49.L386 2008
590–dc22 2008040802

Cherry Lake Publishing would like to acknowledge the work of

The Partnership for 21st Century Skills.
Please visit www.21stcenturyskills.org for more information.
 Table of Contents

C h a p t e r o n e

Who’s Who in the Animal World? 4

C h a p t e r t w o

There’s No Place Like Home 10

C h a p t e t h r e e

What’s for Dinner? 17
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C h a p t e r f o u r

Life Cycles 23

Real World Science Challenge Answers 29

Glossar y 30

For More Information 31

Index 32

About the Author 32


 Chapter one

Who’s Who in the

Animal World?

The grasshopper is just one of many thousands of animals found in the natural world.

H ow many different kinds of animals do you think live on earth?

Scientists have been studying animals for a long time. So far they have

named more than 1.7 million different kinds of life forms!

Not all of these life forms, or species, are animals. Some are plants.

Some are bacteria. Some are fungi. All of these other things are alive,

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 too. But scientists have a lot of rules about what makes something an

animal: An animal has to be able to move on its own. It also needs to eat

food of some kind. Animals include everything from worms and eagles to

houseflies and humans. Scientists have identified about 1.3 million kinds

of animals alive today. And new animals are being discovered all the time.

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of animals. Can you figure out which group the following animals belong to?
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You can use what you have learned here. Or you can look the animals up on
the Internet or in a book to find out more about them.

• Iguana

• Great white shark

• Chicken

• Bat

• Tree frog
(Turn to page 29 for the answer)

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 Like other snakes, the boa constrictor belongs to the reptile group in the animal kingdom.

With so many different types of animals on earth, scientists need a way

to keep track of them. They use a system created about 250 years ago.

The creator was a Swedish scientist named Carl Linnaeus. Linnaeus

observed animals. He saw the ways they were the same. He saw the ways

they were different. He used this information to organize them into groups.

The animal kingdom includes many different groups. These groups of

animals all have different features.

Insects are the largest group. They have six legs and bodies with three

sections. Ants, grasshoppers, butterflies, and beetles are all insects.

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 Reptiles are another group. This group includes
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snakes, lizards, and turtles. A reptile is cold-blooded.
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ne of the oldest
This does not mean that their blood is actually
species of animal
on earth is also one

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cold. It just means that their bodies stay the same of the strangest. he
horseshoe crab has
been around for nearly
temperature as their surroundings. If it is hot outside,

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500 million years! It
is not really a crab. In
they are hot. If it is cold outside, they are cold. Reptiles fact it is most closely
related to spiders. Just
also have scales. These scales cover their whole body. like a spider, it needs to
shed its skin as it grows
larger. his is called
Birds are a group too. All birds have feathers. Their molting. By the time a
horseshoe crab is fully
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feathers keep them warm on the ground or up in the grown, it has molted
nearly 20 times. But
the horseshoe crab is
cold sky. Most also have hollow bones, which makes
even more amazing. If
it loses a leg, it can just
them light enough to fly—well, most of them. An grow a new one back.
o wonder horseshoe
crabs have been
ostrich is one bird that cannot fly. These large African
around for so long!
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birds are too heavy. But they are fast runners.

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 The group known as

amphibians includes frogs and

salamanders. They start out

using gills to breathe underwater

when they are young. When they

become adults, they grow legs and

start to breathe through lungs.

This big-eyed tree frog is an amphibian, a group of Fish are another group.
animals that begins life with gills instead of lungs.

They breathe underwater their whole lives. Sharks are a special kind of fish.

They don’t have solid bones. Instead they have a more flexible skeleton. It is

made of cartilage. This is the same material we have in our ears and noses.

Mammals are the smallest group of animals. They number only about

5,000 different kinds. Mammals include tigers, dogs, monkeys, and humans.

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 Like all mammals, the Sumatran tiger is warm-blooded
and has fur (or hair as it’s called in humans.)

All mammals have hair. (We call it “fur” in animals other than humans.)

They are also warm-blooded. This means their bodies try to keep a constant

temperature inside no matter what the outside temperature is.

There are so many types of animal in the world. They can be found

almost everywhere on earth.

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 Chapter two

There’s No Pl ace Like Home

A mother and baby orangutan make their home high up in the trees.

M ost people live in a house or an apartment. Yours might be in a big

city. Or it might be in the country. It could be on a farm. Animals can live

in lots of different places too. The place an animal lives is called its habitat.

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 Each habitat has different places for animals to live. Some animals,

such as birds and monkeys, live high up in the trees. Others, like wolves

and deer, do better on the ground. There are even animals that live

under the ground! Worms, many insects, and moles are examples of

underground animals.

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animal habitat. It can be a tree, a pond, a bush, or even a grassy field. Spend
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some time watching your habitat and write down what animals you see living
there. Don’t forget to include insects! Think about why they live in one type
of habitat and not another. Try this at different times of the day and see what
you find.
(Turn to page 29 for the answer)

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Why do these animals all live in such different places? Each habitat

only has a certain amount of food. If all the animals lived in the treetops,

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 A clown fish hides among sea anemones. These fish need
saltwater to survive so they live in the ocean.

they would not have enough to eat. Animals usually fill up all the available

spaces in a habitat. Each species finds a spot that has the right kind of food

and shelter for it.

Not all animals live in the same kind of habitat. Clown fish, for

example, need saltwater. So they live in the ocean. Lizards need a lot

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 of heat. So they might live in a desert. Oceans and
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deserts are examples of ecosystems.
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eople build a lot of

An ecosystem is the type of habitat an animal
houses, roads, stores, and
other things. Sometimes

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lives in. It is a community of living and non-living this takes space away
from the animals that used
to live there. ry putting up
things within that habitat. Many species of plants
a bird bath in your yard.
ll you need is a large,
and animals may live in an ecosystem. The ecosystem

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shallow container for
water. Birds need a place

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also includes water, rocks, and even weather! All of to wash their feathers
each day. Do you live
near water? If so, you
these these things are connected. Whatever happens can also make a home
for frogs and toads. Cut
to one part of an ecosystem can affect all the others. a medium-sized notch in
the lip of a flower pot or
plastic container. urn it
A desert ecosystem seems like a very difficult upside down and place it
outside. his little “cave”
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place to live. It is hot and dry. There is very little to makes the perfect home
for a frog. Some people
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even build bat boxes. You
eat. Yet lots of animals survive just fine in the desert.
can find instructions on
the Internet. he bats will
The Mexican beaded lizard is one example. It is a fly inside and enjoy their
cozy home.
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 Animals that live in the desert have developed ways of
coping with extreme heat and little water.

reptile. So it needs a lot of heat to stay warm and keep its body working.

It has tough skin that does not get sunburned. Mexican beaded lizards can

also go for days without water.

Some mammals can live in the desert as well. Fennec foxes are the

smallest members of the dog family. These tiny, golden-haired foxes are

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 21
great diggers. They dig underground burrows. st
Century
This is where they spend most of the hot desert C ontent
Some habitats are in
days. At night they come out to find food. They danger. orests are often
cut down by people. ll
look for small lizards, insects, birds, and even the animals that live there

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have to find a new place to

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live. Sometimes they cannot
desert berries.
find a suitable new home.
hen that happens, they
Tundra is another type of ecosystem. The ground struggle to survive.
ne such habitat is the rain

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in a tundra is almost always frozen. There is often forest of Borneo. Borneo
is an island in Southeast
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sia. eople burn down the
snow on top of the ground. The temperature stays forests there to make room
for palm tree farms. he oil
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very low all year long. One animal that survives well from the palm fruit is used
in many foods. It is also
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used for makeup and other
in this ecosystem is the polar bear. Polar bears have a beauty products. More than
half of the forest has been
thick coat of fur. They also have a layer of fat to help burned down now. pes
called orangutans are one
animal that live in Borneo’s
keep them warm. The white color of their fur also
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forests. hese apes have
nowhere else to go. hey
has a purpose. It helps them blend in with the snow may not survive.
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 Polar bears have a layer of fat and thick fur to help them
survive in the freezing temperatures of their habitat.

and ice. Polar bears spend most of their time near the icy water, looking

for their favorite food: seals!

Almost every place on earth can have some kind of animal living in it.

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 Chapter hree

What’s for Dinner?

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An elephant reaches into a tree with its trunk for a tasty meal of bark and leaves.

E veryone has a favorite food. Many people also have foods they won’t

eat. Animals can be picky eaters too. Herbivores are animals that eat only

plants. Carnivores are animals that eat only other animals. Omnivores

are animals that eat both plants and animals. Humans are omnivores.

Our bodies allow us to eat both kinds of food.

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 There are more herbivores in the world than
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Some animals work
carnivores. This is because the world has more plants

very hard to catch their than animals. Also, it is easier to feed on plants than
food, but they cannot
eat it all at one time. on other animals. Plants make energy from the
hen a leopard kills a
large antelope it often
eats only part of it. It sun, air, and water. Herbivores eat the plants and
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saves the rest for later.
o protect its meal from take in that energy. This is how herbivores survive.
other hungry animals,
the leopard will carry
Then carnivores eat the herbivores and take in their
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the antelope’s body up
a tree and hide it there.
leopard can carry energy. This is known as the food chain.
twice its own weight
while it climbs. Since
One thing almost all herbivores have in common
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it doesn’t have hands,
it uses just its mouth.
hat’s quite a lot of is a good sense of smell. This helps them find their
work to keep hungry
neighbors away from
food. Some plant eaters, like elephants, will travel
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your next meal!

many miles in search of one type of tree that they

like to eat.

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 Once they find their

food of choice, they use all

the tools that nature has

given them. These “tools”

are known as adaptations.

They are the physical features

or abilities that help the

animal survive in its habitat.

Elephants will reach up with

Giraffes use their long necks and long tongues their trunk to tear off tree
to reach the leaves on the tops of trees.

branches. If they cannot reach the branch they want, they will use their

large body to knock the tree over. Giraffes have long tongues that can

reach lengths of over 18 inches (46 cm)! They wrap that long, flexible
 
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 Like many carnivores, the lion uses sharp teeth and claws to catch its prey.

tongue around leaves the same way that we close our hands around a

piece of food. Fruit bats will usually chew a piece of fruit until they have

sucked out all the juice. Then they spit out what is left over.

Carnivores are predators. This means they hunt for their food.

The animals they hunt are called their prey. The prey is usually an

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 herbivore or an omnivore. Sometimes it could be
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another carnivore. Predators have to work very
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Bats have an unusual

hard for their food. They have adaptations too. way of hunting. Most
bats eat flying insects.
These special features help them catch their prey. s a bat flies, it sends
out a high-pitched
noise. If a bug flies by,
A cheetah, for instance, can run very fast. It can

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the noise will bounce
off it. Bats have very
catch a small antelope by chasing it down. Tigers, sharp hearing. he bat
can hear that sound
bouncing off the bug.
on the other hand, are not as fast as the food they

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he bat keeps following
the echoes to zero in
chase. They must rely on their great strength and on its prey and catch
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the bug. ther bats
eat fruit. ctually, they
their ability to remain quiet. They sneak up on
only like the juice. hey
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chew on the fruit and
their prey, and once they get close, they pounce
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suck out all the juice.
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hen they spit out the
on it. Tigers have sharp claws and teeth, as well as skin and the seeds. he
seeds fall to earth and
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help to replant new
powerful jaws. Once they catch their prey, they do
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trees and plants.

not let it go.

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 Some predators use keen eyesight to catch their prey. Hawks often sit

on top of telephone poles to watch for their prey. Even from this height,

they can see a tiny mouse running through the grass. Once they spot it,

they dive down and grab it with their sharp claws.

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prey animals also have adaptations that help them to escape predators. Make
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a list of all of the predators and prey you can think of. Or, use a book or the
Internet to make your list. Try to think about the adaptations that help them
both to survive. Look at pictures of their bodies and read about their behavior
to get a few clues.
(Turn to page 29 for the answer)

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Animals spend a large part of their lives looking for food. No matter

where they live, they are all concerned about what is on the menu that day.

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 Chapter four

Life Cycles

With mouths wide open, baby birds signal their parents that they are ready to eat.

O ne thing all animals have in common is that they have babies.

Mammals carry their babies inside them. They give birth to live young.

Birds and many reptiles lay eggs instead. Their babies develop inside the

eggs, not in their bodies.

Birds spend many days or weeks building a nest. Once they lay their

eggs they sit on them for several more weeks. This keeps the eggs warm.

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 Most often the mother does the bulk of that work.
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The father gathers food for her. Birds work hard at

e think of mammals as
giving birth to their young
protecting their eggs. They do this until the eggs are
alive. owever, there
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are some exceptions to ready to hatch. Once the chicks break out of their
this rule. Some species
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of ustralian mammals
shells, they still depend on their parents for food.
actually lay eggs. he
platypus is an odd-looking
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animal. It has the body When they are hungry, they cry until their mother
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of a beaver and a bill
and webbed feet like a
or father drops some food in their open mouths.
duck. he echidna is the
platypus’s cousin. It looks
a bit like a porcupine with Bird parents spend most of their day looking for
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a skinny nose. Both the
echidna and the platypus food to feed to their young.
lay eggs. Scientists still
classify them as mammals
because they have hair Reptile eggs are different from bird eggs. Bird eggs
instead of feathers, they
feed their babies milk, and are hard and mostly smooth. Most reptile eggs are soft
they are warm-blooded.
ustralia is home to some
and leathery. They are not always perfectly round or
pretty unusual animals!
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oval. Most snakes and lizards find a nice patch of dirt

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 The female Blandings sea turtle lays her eggs in the
sand and then covers them for protection.

or sand when it is time to lay their eggs. They dig a hole and drop the eggs

in. A group of reptile eggs is called a clutch. After laying the eggs, the reptile

will cover them with dirt or sand. This hides them from hungry predators. It

also helps keep them warm. Once this job is done, the mother will leave. She

will not come back. Reptiles are born with all of the basic skills they need to

survive. This is a good thing because once they hatch, those baby snakes or

lizards are on their own.

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 Mg Cu
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for nine months. Kangaroo babies only grow inside their mother’s body
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for a short time. Once they’re born, they crawl into her pouch and finish
growing there. Which of the following animals do you think has the
longest pregnancy?
• Wolf
• Gorilla
• Elephant
• Tiger
(Turn to page 29 for the answer)

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This is different from mammals and birds. Most mammals spend a

lot of time with their young. They often stay with them for several years.

Unlike reptiles, mammals are not born with many survival skills. They

need to learn these skills from their parents. Tiger cubs watch their mother

hunt for several months before they try to help out. They don’t have the

skills to hunt on their own until they reach two years of age.

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 Primates, like baboons, live in large family groups. They spend most

of their childhood learning the right ways to act in the group. This is an

important skill. Without it, they will be kicked out or forced to live on the

edge of the group. Life without a family group is very hard for a baboon.

Some insects have a very different kind of life cycle. They lay eggs. But

the baby that hatches looks completely different from the parent. Butterfly

eggs, for instance, hatch into caterpillars. This wormlike stage of life is

A family of baboons keeps watch on the rocks. Baby baboons

learn social skills from the adults in their family group.

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 A brightly colored caterpillar is in its larval stage after
hatching. Soon it will become a butterfly.

called the larval stage. The young larva eats lots of food and grows very

large. Then it builds a cocoon, or a shell, around itself. Inside, it changes

into an adult. When the cocoon opens, a full-grown butterfly comes out.

More than 1 million different species of animals share the earth. Each

one has a different way of living, eating, and raising its young. The more

you read and learn about animals, the more you will discover how amazing

and unique they really are!

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 Real World Science Challenge Answers

Chapter One birds may make their nest in the branches.

age 5 Caterpillars love trees because they love to
• he iguana is a reptile. ll lizards are eat the tasty leaves.
reptiles. hey have scales and shed their
skin as they grow. Chapter Three
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• great white shark is a fish. It has gills age 22
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and can breathe underwater. redators often have sharp teeth and strong
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• Chickens are birds. hey have feathers jaws. hey use these to catch their prey and
and beaks. Chickens are not very good hold on to it. Most predators also have eyes
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fliers though. hey can only fly up into the that face forward. his helps them focus on
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lower branches of a tree or the rafters in
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their prey.
 
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a barn.
• Bats fly, so many people think they are Many prey animals have camouflage. his
means the color of their fur, feathers, or skin
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birds. hey are not. Bats are mammals.
hey have fur and nurse their young helps them blend into their surroundings.
with milk. If the predator can’t see them, it can’t

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catch them!
 
• tree frog is an amphibian. hen it
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hatches from an egg, it has a tail and
Chapter Four
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breathes underwater. hen it becomes
an adult, it grows legs and begins to age 26
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breathe air. he elephant wins the prize for the longest
pregnancy. lephant mothers are pregnant
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Chapter Two for twenty-two months. hat is almost
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age 11 two years!
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he longer you watch, the more you will
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see. In a pond, you might see fish, frogs,
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turtles, and even birds. he fish need water
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to live. So do the turtles and frogs. he birds
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depend on those other animals for their
food. In a tree, you might see a squirrel,
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some birds, and a caterpillar. he squirrel
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finds shelter and safety in the treetop. he
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 Glossary

adaptations (a-dap-TAY-shuns) features of living organisms that help them survive in

their habitat

carnivores (CAR-ni-vohrs) animals that eat only other animals

cartilage (CAR-tuh-lidj) firm but flexible type of tissue in animals’ bodies

clutch (KLUHCH) collection of bird or reptile eggs

ecosystem (EEK-oh-sis-tem) type of habitat that includes all the animals, plants, land,
water sources, and even weather patterns that make it up

food chain (FOOD CHANE) cycle in which one life form eats another

gills (GILS) organ which allows underwater animals to get oxygen from water

habitat (HA-buh-tat) place where an animal lives

herbivores (UR-bi-vohr) animals that eat only plants

larva (lar-vuh) pre-adult stage of some insects

molting (MULTing) losing skin or feathers to make room for new growth

omnivores (AHM-ni-vore) animals that eat both plants and animals

predator (PRED-a-tohr) animal that hunts and kills other animals for food

prey (PRAY) animal that is being hunted by a predator

species (SPEE-sheez) group of animals who share common physical features and behaviors

tundra (TUN-druh) vast, flat, treeless part of the rctic where soil just below the surface is
always frozen
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 For More Information

Books

Burnie, David. Animal: The Definitive Visual Guide to the World’s Wildlife.
ew York: DK, 2005.

McKay, George. The Encyclopedia of Animals: A Complete Visual Guide.

Berkeley and Los ngeles: niversity of California ress, 2004.
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Strauss, ochelle. Tree of Life: The Incredible Biodiversity of Life on Earth.
onawanda, Y: Kids Can ress, 2004.
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eb Sites
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National Geographic Animal Facts and Information
http://animals.nationalgeographic.com/animals
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thorough collection of animal facts, articles, and videos.

PBS’s Nature Critter Guide

http://www.pbs.org/wnet/nature/critter.html
A
list of fun and informative facts from the award-winning
BS television series Nature.

San Diego Zoo Animal Bytes

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http://www.sandiegozoo.org/animalbytes/index.html
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n interactive eb site of animal information, sounds, videos, and more from
the world-famous San Diego Zoo.

Wild Animals A to Z
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http://animal.discovery.com/wild-planet/animals.html
Animal Planet’s online animal information resource.

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 Index
adaptations, 19, 21 feathers, 7 nests, 23
amphibians, 5, 8 ennec foxes, 14–15
oceans, 13
animals fish, 5, 8
omnivores, 17
classification of, 6–9 food chain, 18
orangutans, 10, 15
types of, 4–6 forests, 15
ostrich, 7

F
ustralia, 24 frogs, 8, 13
fruit bats, 20 plants, 18
babies, 23–28
platypus, 24
baboons, 27 gills, 8
polar bears, 15–16
bat boxes, 13 giraffes, 19–20
A
predators, 20–22
bats, 20, 22 grasshopper, 4
pregnancy, 26
bird baths, 13
habitats, 10–16 prey, 20–22
birds, 5, 7, 23–24
hawks, 22 primates, 27
boa constrictor, 6
herbivores, 17–20
Borneo, 15 rain forests, 15
horseshoe crabs, 7
butterflies, 27 reptiles, 5, 7, 23,
insects, 6, 27–28 24–25
carnivores, 17, 20–22
caterpillars, 27, 28 kangaroos, 26 salamanders, 8
cheetah, 21 larval stage, 27–28 scales, 7
clown fish, 12 leopards, 18 sharks, 8
clutch, 25 life cycles, 23–28 snakes, 24–25
cocoons, 28 Linnaeus, Carl, 6 species, 4
cold-blooded animals, 7 lions, 20 tigers, 9, 21–22, 26
deserts, 13–15 lizards, 12–14, 24–25 tundra, 15–16
mammals, 8–9, 23–24, turtles, 25
echidna, 24
ecosystems, 13–16 26–27 warm-blooded animals, 9
eggs, 23-25, 27 Mexican beaded lizard, 13–14
elephants, 18–19 molting, 7

About the Author

Stuart P. Levine has written a number of books about animals and wildlife. e has
worked as an animal keeper and trainer for exotic animals in several zoos and spent
time researching primate behavior in Central merica. Currently he works as a wildlife
educator in an animal park in central lorida.
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32 21st Century Skill ibrary
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Real World science

Animals
st
21
Century
Skills Library
Almost 2 million animal species are alive today and each has specific adaptations
and habitat needs. Look inside to find out how earth’s animal populations survive
and thrive.

Animals
The Real World Science series provides a hands-on approach to science. It examines
basic concepts, supported by student activities and exercises that will engage students
in the processes and skills that are essential to scientific discovery and learning. Other
titles in the series include:
• A Changing Earth • Plants
• Earth’s Biomes • Protecting Ecosystems
• Ecosystems • Rocks and Minerals
• Electricity and Magnetism • Soil
• Matter
To guide your reading, look for these notes that will help build the understanding
and skills you’ll need in the 21st century. Look for the following margin notes:

Learning & Innovation Skills

You need to learn about lots of things, but you also need to learn how to
learn. These notes give you hints about how to use what you know in better
and more creative ways.

21 st Centur y Content
 
You study reading, math, science, and social studies. You also need to
learn about the world of work and your community. These notes tell you
about business and money. They also give you ideas about how you can
help yourself, your community, and the world.

Life & Career Skills

 
These notes tell you about skills you will use throughout your life. They give
you ideas about how to work well with others, make good decisions, and
achieve your goals in life.

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